undertake

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 undertaken，等价于under- + take（仿undernim）。

text:
This said, he sat; and expectation held
His look suspense, awaiting who appeared
To second, or oppose, or undertake
The perilous attempt.

ref: 1667，John Milton，「Book 2」，收錄於 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London： […] [Samuel Simmons], […]，→OCLC；再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London：Basil Montagu Pickering […]，1873，→OCLC，417-420行：

text: He undertook to exercise more in future.

translation: 他打算以后多练习。

text: […] if those Persons who are curious in collecting either Minerals, or the Shells, Teeth, or other Parts of Animal Bodies that have been buried in the Earth, do but search the Hills after Rains, and the Sea-Shores after Storms, I dare undertake they will not lose their Labour.

ref: 1695, John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, London: Richard Wilkin, Part 4, pp. 222-223:

text:
Quince. […] you must needs play Pyramus.
Bottom. Well, I will undertake it.

ref: c. 1595–1596，William Shakespeare，「A Midsommer Nights Dreame」，收錄於 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies（First Folio），London： […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act I, scene ii]」：

text:
Soo it happend in Spayne there was an Erles sone his name was Alphegus / and at a grete turnement in spayn this syre Vrre knyghte of Hongry and sir Alphegus of spayne encountred to gyders for veray enuy / and soo eyther vndertook other to the Vtteraunce.
"So it happened in Spain there was an earl’s son, his name was Alphegus, and at a great tournament in Spain this Sir Urre, knight of Hungary, and Sir Alphegus of Spain encountered together for very envy; and so either undertook other to the utterance."

ref: 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XIX, Chapter x, leaf 394v:

text:
Ne he his mouth would open unto wight,
Untill that Guyon selfe unto him spake,
And called Brigadore, (so was he hight,)
Whose voice so soone as he did undertake,
Eftsoones he stood as still as any stake,

ref: 1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，「Book V, Canto III」，收錄於 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London： […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie，→OCLC，34頁：

forms:
undirtake (obsolete alternative)
undertakes (third-person singular present)
undertaking (present participle)
undertook
undertaken (past participle)

ipa: /ʌndəˈteɪk/

ipa: /ˌʌndɚˈteɪk/

ipa: /andəˈtæɪk/

rhymes: -eɪk

overtake

sense: 内道超车


undertake

pos: noun

pos_title: 名词

forms:
undirtake (obsolete alternative)
undertakes (plural)


undertaker

glosses: undertake的施動者名詞：承担者，从事者

text: A company shall not be appointed to be a water undertaker unless it is a limited company or a statutory water company and shall not be appointed to be a sewerage undertaker unless it is a limited company.

ref: 1991, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Part II, Chapter I, section 6(5)”, in Water Industry Act 1991, page 8:

text: The undertaker of the enterprise is usually known today by the French term entrepreneur because we have surrendered the English word to the undertakers of funerals.

ref: 2001, Technology, Humans, and Society: Toward a Sustainable World:

forms: undertakers (plural)

ipa: /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkə(ɹ)/

ipa: /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈteɪkə(ɹ)/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undertaker.wav

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-undertaker2.wav

mortician

sense: 殡葬业者


Upanishad

pos: name

pos_title: 专有名词

etymology_texts: 借自梵语 उपनिषद् (upaniṣad)。

glosses: 奥义书（古代印度哲学书）


flamethrower

pos_title: 名詞

forms:
flame thrower (alternative)
flame-thrower (alternative)
flamethrowers (plural)

ipa: /ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/


foeticide

etymology_texts: foetus + -cide 或 foetus + -icide；參見feticide。

glosses: feticide的另一種寫法（杀害胎儿、堕胎）

date: 自19世紀

forms: foeticides (plural)


unbridled

pos: adj

pos_title: 形容词

text: an unbridled horse

translation: 没有/脱缰的马

glosses: 无拘无束的，无羁的，放纵的

text: unbridled capitalism

text: She jumped into the project with unbridled enthusiasm.

text: Unbridled competition between the different means of transport is eliminated by a licensing system, to which all transport concerns, whether by land or water, are subjected for both regular and occasional transport.

ref: 1962 March, J. M. Tolson, “The Netherlands Railways today—I: The economic development of the Netherlands Railways”, in Modern Railways, page 170:

text: His contempt was totally unbridled, as though my goal was a personal affront to him and all humanity.

ref: 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 131:

forms:
more unbridled (comparative)
most unbridled (superlative)


Flanders

pos_title: 專有名詞

glosses: 法蘭德斯/佛兰德，比利時北部的一個地區，居民主要說荷蘭語。

glosses: 法國城市里爾的主要火車站名。

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Flanders.wav


uninvited

pos_title: 形容詞

text: But you, you're not allowed / You're uninvited / An unfortunate slight

ref: 1997，Alanis Morissette，「Uninvited」，由 Alanis Morissette：


uninvited

pos: verb

pos_title: 動詞

glosses: uninvite 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


upcountry

text: an upcountry residence

downcountry

sense: 內陸的


fellows

glosses: 伙伴們（fellow 的複數）

ipa: /ˈfɛloʊz/

ipa: /ˈfɛləʊz/

rhymes: -əʊz


fellows

glosses: fellow 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


faint-hearted

forms:
faint-heart (alternative)
more faint-hearted (comparative)
most faint-hearted (superlative)


unbundle

pos: unknown

glosses: 对设备与维修服务分别计价


felon

forms: felons (plural)

enpr: fĕl'ən

ipa: /ˈfɛlən/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-felon.wav

rhymes: -ɛlən


upfront

forms:
up-front (alternative)
more upfront (comparative)
most upfront (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-upfront.wav

rhymes: -ʌnt


upfront

pos: adv

pos_title: 副词

text: He's a poor defender, so we always play him upfront.

translation: 他防守很差，所以我们都让他进攻。

forms: up-front (alternative)


upfront

glosses: （电视台经理和广告商的）会议

text: Virginia Heffernan, Times TV critic, reports from this week's TV upfronts, where the networks debut their new schedules.

ref: 2007 May 17, Bill Carter, “As the Networks Order New Shows, Fox Moves to Consolidate Its Gains”, in New York Times:

forms:
up-front (alternative)
upfronts (plural)


upfront

pos_title: 动词

text: What our analysis has, hopefully, upfronted is the importance to resuscitate the suppressed and silenced voices so as to show the powerful mechanisms of institutional "cases".

ref: 1997, Christopher Hall et al., “Silent and silenced voices”, in Adam Jaworski, editor, Silence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, →ISBN, page 204:

forms:
up-front (alternative)
upfronts (third-person singular present)
upfronting (present participle)
upfronted (past participle)


filibeg

glosses: 一种男用短裙（philibeg的另一种写法）。


filibuster

etymology_texts: 借自西班牙語 filibustero (“海盜”)，來自法語 flibustier，源自荷蘭語 vrijbuiter (“劫掠者”)，來自vrij (“自由”) + buit (“贓物，戰利品”) + -er (“執行者，代理人”)。法語中首音節的變化，源於該詞從荷蘭語借入法語或其他語言時，與vlieboot (“輕型平底雙桅或三桅貨船”)產生部分混淆。此詞與英語 freebooter同源且含義相近。

glosses: 傭兵；海盜；具體指十九世紀中葉，從美國非法組團前往中美洲或西属西印度群岛的傭兵團體，他們企圖透過武力手段謀取經濟與政治利益

text: These duties involved prodigious physical and mental exertion, in a climate deadly to Europeans. They also involved much voyaging in waters haunted by filibusters and buccaneers. But nothing appears to daunt Labat. As for the filibusters, he becomes their comrade and personal friend;—he even becomes their chaplain, and does not scruple to make excursions with them.

translation: 这些任务需要付出巨大的体力和脑力劳动，而且气候对欧洲人来说极其恶劣。他们还要经常航行于海盗出没的海域。但似乎没有什么能吓倒拉巴特。至于那些海盗，他成了他们的战友和挚友；他甚至成了他们的随军牧师，并且毫不犹豫地与他们一同出海远航。

ref: 1890，Lafcadio Hearn，Two Years in the French West Indies，New York, N.Y.：Harper & Bros.，→OCLC：

text: Mexico's War of Independence (1810–1821) encouraged an increase in the activity of filibusters in northern Mexico, particularly Texas. Spain's concentration on repressing independence movements within Mexico created opportunities for filibusters to seize control of its northern frontier regions.

translation: 墨西哥独立战争（1810-1821年）促使墨西哥北部——特别是德克萨斯州——的佣兵活动日益频繁。西班牙集中精力镇压墨西哥境内的独立运动，这为佣兵夺取其北部边境地区的控制权创造了机会。

ref: 2002，E. John Gesick, Jr.，「Filibusters」，收錄於 Lee Stacy（編），Mexico and the United States，1 (Acapulco, Guererro – Film in Mexico)卷，Tarrytown, N.Y.：Marshall Cavendish，→ISBN，307, column 1頁：

text: Filibusters were American citizens who used armed force to procure economic and political influence beyond the borders of the United States from 1848–1861. Their efforts were directed mainly southward toward Cuba, Mexico, and the Central American republics. These illegal excursions disrupted diplomatic relations of the United States within its own hemisphere by damaging relations with Latin American countries and the United Kingdom.

translation: 1848年至1861年间，一些美国公民使用武力，试图在境外获取经济和政治影响力，被称为“海盗”。他们的行动主要指向南方的古巴、墨西哥和中美洲各国。这些非法越境行动破坏了美国与拉丁美洲国家和英国的关系，扰乱了美国在西半球的外交关系。

ref: 2012，William H. Brown，「Central America, Filibusters」，收錄於 Thomas M. Leonard（編），Encyclopedia of U.S.–Latin American Relations，1 (A–E)卷，Thousand Oaks, Calif.：CQ Press；London: SAGE Publications，→ISBN，149, column 2 – 150, column 1頁：

text: As they attempted to use the international press to their advantage, the filibusters were eager to counter any articles they perceived as misrepresenting their actions. […] [T]he filibusters took issue with what they called the "Boletinero de Costarica" and its outspoken condemnation of the filibuster presence in Nicaragua. […] Costa Rican periodicals were especially scorned by the filibusters for their constant rallying cries against the US usurpers.

ref: 2016, Andreas Beer, “The Nicaraguan Press and El Nicaraguense”, in A Transnational Analysis of Representations of the US Filibusters in Nicaragua, 1855–1857, New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 95–96:

glosses: 通過冗長辯論等手段來阻撓議事

text: No longer do filibustering Senators take the floor and speak until they are physically unable to filibuster any longer. Now, a filibuster typically begins when a Senator or group of Senators signals their intent to filibuster – which can be done by a private conversation with the majority leader or by quietly placing a bill or nomination on hold. Given the modern Senate's scarce floor time, this threat is usually enough to table the disputed issue until the dissenting Senators cave or until there are definitely enough votes to invoke cloture.

translation: 如今，参议员不再像过去那样，一直发言到筋疲力竭、无法继续阻挠为止。现在，阻挠议事通常始于一位或几位参议员发出如此的意图——这可以通过与多数党领袖私下交谈，或悄悄搁置某项法案或提名来实现。鉴于现代参议院发言时间有限，这种威胁通常足以将争议议题搁置，直到持不同意见的参议员让步，或直到有足够的票数启动终止辩论程序为止。

ref: 2010年 4月22日，Mimi Murray Digby Marziani，Diana Lee，「Statement for the Record, Brennan Center for Justice, New York, NY」，收錄於 Examining the Filibuster: Hearings before the Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, April 22, 2010, May 19, 2010, June 23, 2010, July 28, 2010, and September 22 and 29, 2010（S. Hrg. 111-706），Washington, D.C.：Government Printing Office，→ISBN，112頁：

text: Then, last month, before the survey was finished and for reasons still unclear, the Democrats abruptly tried to attach a repeal of the law to the defence appropriations bill, a stratagem the Republicans defeated in a filibuster.

translation: 然后，上个月，在调查结束之前，出于尚不清楚的原因，民主党人突然试图将废除该法律的条款附加到国防拨款法案中，共和党人通过冗长辩论挫败了这一策略。

ref: 2010年 10月14日，「An own goal on gay rights」，收錄於 The Economist，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2016年4月23日：

text: So now that the Republicans have used the nuclear option to kill the poor filibuster to clear the way for the elevation of Judge Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court, we can lose perspective.

translation: 既然共和党人已经动用了核选项来废除冗长辩论，为尼尔·戈萨奇法官晋升至最高法院扫清了障碍，我们可能会失去客观视角。

ref: 2017年 4月5日，Steven Waldman，「Learning to Love the Nuclear Option」，收錄於 The New York Times，→ISSN，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2020年11月12日：

text: By this theory, the Democratic Party is kept out of power by a white Republican minority that thwarts the popular will through voter suppression, gerrymandering, judicial legislating, the filibuster, the composition of the Senate, and the Electoral College.

translation: 根据这种理论，民主党之所以无法掌权，是因为白人共和党少数派通过选民压制、选区划分、司法立法、冗长辩论、参议院组成和选举团制度来阻挠民意。

ref: 2024年 12月2日，George Packer，「The End of Democratic Delusions」，收錄於 The Atlantic，→ISSN，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2024年12月2日：

glosses: 拖延或阻止議事通過的立法委員

forms:
fillibuster (alternative)
filibusters (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɪlɪbʌstə(ɹ)/

ipa: /ˈfɪləˌbəstər/

ipa: /ˈfɪləbʌstɚ/

filibusterer

sense: 拖延或阻止議事通過的立法委員

cloture

sense: 通過冗長辯論等手段來阻撓議事

parts: fil i bus ter


filibuster

glosses: 參與外國境內的私營軍事行動

text: According to U.S. law, filibustering was a violation of the Neutrality Law of 1818, which prohibited the organization within the United States of any armed force that intended to attack a friendly foreign power. The American government attempted, through the enforcement of this law, to prevent its citizens from filibustering, mostly by preventing potential filibustering groups from organizing and collecting arms for future operations.

ref: 2012, William H. Brown, “Central America, Filibusters”, in Thomas M. Leonard, editor, Encyclopedia of U.S.–Latin American Relations, volumes 1 (A–E), Thousand Oaks, Calif.: CQ Press; London: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 150, column 2:

glosses: 在立法機關中採取阻撓策略

text: But as the case had dragged on interminably, and he believed, and the world believed, and the Canadians themselves knew, that they intended to filibuster and postpone as long as possible, he took the common-sense way to a settlement.

translation: 但由于案件拖延了很久，他相信，全世界都相信，加拿大人自己也知道，他们打算尽可能地拖延和推迟审理，所以他采取了合情合理的解决方式。

ref: 1919，William Roscoe Thayer，第11章，收錄於 Theodore Roosevelt: An Intimate Biography，Boston, Mass.；New York, N.Y.：Houghton Mifflin Company，→OCLC：

text: 1901—Senator Carter successfully filibustered a river and harbor bill because it failed to include certain additional appropriations.

translation: 1901年——卡特参议员成功地阻挠了一项河流和港口法案的通过，因为该法案未能包含某些额外的拨款。

ref: 1957，Special Subcommittee on Amendments to Rule XXII, Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate，Proposed Amendments to Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, Relating to Cloture: Hearings before a Special Subcommittee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, Eighty-fifth Congress, First Session, on S. Res. 17, S. Res. 19, S. Res. 21, S. Res. 28, S. Res. 29, S. Res. 30, S. Res. 32, S. Res. 171, Resolutions Proposing Amendments to Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate. June 17, 24, 25, 28, July 2, 9, 16, 1957，Washington, D.C.：United States Government Printing Office，→OCLC，305頁：

text: Meanwhile, back in Eastleigh, away from the filibustering in Westminster, Chris Huhne was able to concentrate on constituency business.

translation: 与此同时，在远离威斯敏斯特冗长辩论的伊斯特利，克里斯·胡恩得以专注于选区事务。

ref: 2012年 1月20日，Ray Turner，「Daylight Saving Bill runs out of time…」，收錄於 Eastleigh News：

text: So it was that the day before Trump’s big unveiling, Democrat Jeff Merkley publicly vowed to filibuster whomever the president named.

translation: 因此，在特朗普正式公布提名人选的前一天，民主党人杰夫·默克利公开誓言要阻挠总统提名的任何人的提名。

ref: 2017年 2月1日，Michelle Cottle，「Why the Filibuster Is a Senator's Best Friend」，收錄於 The Atlantic，於 2025年2月9日 擷取：

forms:
fillibuster (alternative)
filibusters (third-person singular present)
filibustering (present participle)
filibustered (past participle)


filibuster

etymology_texts: 借自英語 filibuster，來自西班牙語 filibustero，來自法語 flibustier，來自荷蘭語 vrijbuiter。

glosses: 從美國非法組團前往中美洲或西属西印度群岛的傭兵團體

forms: filibusters (plural)

parts: fi li bus ter


filibuster

etymology_texts: 借自英語 filibuster，來自西班牙語 filibustero (“海盜”)，來自法語 flibustier，來自荷蘭語 vrijbuiter (“劫掠者”)，同vrij (“自由”) + buit (“贓物，戰利品”) + -er (“執行者，代理人”)。

glosses: 冗長辯論：立法委員拖延或阻止議事通過

forms:
filibustêr (canonical)
filibuster-filibuster (plural)

ipa: [filiˈbʊstər]

parts: fi li bus têr


foible

etymology_texts: 1640–50年代，源自早期现代中古法語 foible (“羸弱的”)（现代法語 faible）。英語 feeble 的同源對似詞。

text: Try to look past his foibles and see the friendly fellow underneath.

translation: 试着忽略他的怪癖，看到他内心友好的一面。

text: Final fillip in the Vice-President's study has been a boning up on Premier Khrushchev's favorite foible, proverbs. The bibulous Russian leader likes to throw out homely homilies in his speeches and conversations[…]

ref: 1959 July 24, “An Ounce of Prevention”, in Meriden Record, page 6:

text: Jesus is reverenced as the one man who has lived unspotted by the world, free from human foibles, able to redeem mankind by his example.

ref: 1932, William Floyd, The Mistakes of Jesus:

forms: foibles (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɔɪbəl/

rhymes: -ɔɪbəl

fault

sense: 缺点，缺陷

forte

sense: 剑的中间到剑尖部分


foible

forms:
more foible (comparative)
most foible (superlative)


felt

glosses: [名词] 田，农田，田野


uncalled-for

glosses: 不恰当的，不合适的，多余的

text: That nasty remark was uncalled-for.

translation: 那种下流的话很不合适。

forms:
uncalled for (alternative)
more uncalled-for (comparative)
most uncalled-for (superlative)


upholstery

etymology_texts: 首个记录见于1597年，源自upholster (名词)或upholster(er) + -(er)y或-y。

forms: upholsteries (plural)

ipa: /ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹi/


upi

pos: symbol

pos_title: 符號

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示烏梅達語。


unique

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]唯一
* [简:自由软体]唯一
* 正體: 唯一；唯一的；獨特的[電子計算機]


uncanny

etymology_texts: 源自un- + canny，即“超乎理解之外的”，“超乎熟知的知识范围外的”。对比中古英語 unkanne (“未知的”)。

text: He bore an uncanny resemblance to the dead sailor.

translation: 他生来长得很像那位死去的水手，很诡异。

text: An eerie feeling came over me. She seemed uncanny and fateful.

ref: 1899 Feb, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 200:

forms:
uncannier (comparative)
uncanniest (superlative)

ipa: /ʌnˈkæni/

rhymes: -æni


uncanny

glosses: 诡异而有熟悉感的东西 （德语“unheimlich”的翻译（字面意思为“不是秘密的”）。）

text: [The uncanny is] something that was long familiar to the psyche and was estranged from it only through being repressed. The link with repression now illuminates Schelling′s definition of the uncanny as ‘something that should have remained hidden and has come into the open.’ (Freud: 2003, 147 f)

ref: 2011, Espen Dahl, Hans-Gunter Heimbrock, In Between: The Holy Beyond Modern Dichotomies, page 99:

text: The uncanny involves feelings of uncertainty, in particular regarding the reality of who one is and what is being experienced.

ref: 2003, Nicholas Royle, The Uncanny, page 1 http://books.google.com/books?id=XkvSWxjrMN8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=uncanny+freud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0uSCUu_5JuqW2AXOkIGIBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=uncanny&f=false:

text: Because the uncanny affects and haunts everything, it is in constant transformation and cannot be pinned down.

ref: 2011, Anneleen Masschelein, The Unconcept: The Freudian Uncanny in Late-Twentieth-Century Theory, page 2 http://books.google.com/books?id=9XgohiN3vOwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=uncanny+freud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0uSCUu_5JuqW2AXOkIGIBg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=uncanny%20freud&f=false:

text: In the preceding chapter, we saw that Freud linked the maternal body, death, and the afterlife with the uncanny in his famous essay "The Uncanny" ("Das Unheimliche").

ref: 2001, Diane Jonte-Pace, Speaking the Unspeakable, page 81 http://books.google.com/books?id=GrtZ4fBOlTIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=uncanny+freud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0uSCUu_5JuqW2AXOkIGIBg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=uncanny&f=false:

text: This uncontrollable possibility—the possibility of a certain loss of control—can, perhaps, explain why the uncanny remains a marginal notion even within psychoanalysis itself.

ref: 1982, Samuel Weber, The Legend of Freud, page 20 http://books.google.com/books?id=mRwvpP1SiWEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=uncanny+freud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0uSCUu_5JuqW2AXOkIGIBg&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=uncanny&f=false:

text: Freud argued that the uncanny was particularly associated with feelings of horror aroused by the figure of the paternal castrator, neglecting the tropes of woman and animal as a source of the uncanny.

ref: 2005, Barbara Creed, Phallic Panic, page vii http://books.google.com/books?id=3JrY_Pc4CFsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=uncanny+freud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d-iCUrfWB4fu2AWAz4HoBA&ved=0CDUQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=uncanny%20freud&f=false:

text: As is well known, Freud introduced the concept of the uncanny into psychoanalysis in 1919 and used The Sandman as a prime illustration for his definition.

ref: 1994, Sonu Shamdasani and Michael Münchow, Speculations after Freud, page 186 http://books.google.com/books?id=e_P9tt2YF3oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=uncanny+freud&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aumCUoSzEITj2QX1roHYBA&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBTgo#v=onepage&q=uncanny&f=false:

notes: 现代词义中，“canny”和“uncanny”不再互为反义词。


fairness

text: Some questioned the fairness of the new laws.

text: The reason why fairness in taxation matters is institutionalized unfairness rots society from the inside, and the social order and economy eventually collapse.

ref: 2024 January 28, Charles Hugh Smith, Our Tax System Is an Unfair Mess: Here's How to Fix It:

forms: fairnesses (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-fairness.wav

fairhood

sense: 美麗


foliar

glosses:
vt. 编页码==葡萄牙語==
嬉戏


feminism

forms: feminisms (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɛmɪnɪz(ə)m/

parts: fem in ism


feminist

forms:
more feminist (comparative)
most feminist (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɛmənɪst/

parts: fem in ist


feminist

forms: feminists (plural)


uprightly

pos_title: 副詞

forms:
more uprightly (comparative)
most uprightly (superlative)


unitive

etymology_texts: 派生自晚期拉丁語 unitīvus。

forms:
more unitive (comparative)
most unitive (superlative)

ipa: /ˈjuːnɪtɪv/

parts: u ni tive


faker

glosses: 在軍事演習中充當敵方單位的友方單位。

text: faker: A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes. (STANAG 1241)

ref: 2011, APP-6C: NATO Joint Military Symbology (page 555)

forms: fakers (plural)

ipa: /ˈfeɪkɚ/

rhymes: -eɪkə(ɹ)


fakir

forms: fakirs (plural)

ipa: /fəˈkiɹ/

ipa: /fəˈkɪəɹ/

ipa: /fɑˈkiɹ/

ipa: /ˈfeɪkəɹ/

homophone: faker

rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)

faqir

sense: 托钵人


folks

glosses: folk 的不定屬格複數形。

glosses: folk 的不定属格单数形。


falafel

etymology_texts: 源自阿拉伯語 فلافل。

forms:
falafeli
falafeller (plural)

ipa: [fɑɫɑˈfel]

parts: fa la fel


falange

glosses:
f. 指骨，趾骨，大部队，集团==葡萄牙語==
方阵


follicle

text: He could feel the follicles in his inner ear go crazy.

ref: 1996, Janette Turner Hospital, Oyster, Virago Press, paperback edition, p. 345,

forms: follicles (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɒlɪk(ə)l/


filtering

glosses: filter 的現在時分詞和動名詞


filtering

glosses: 過濾出來的東西；通過了過濾器的東西

text: the filterings from the subsoils

ref: 1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopædia:

text: Waking up in Langogne in a dim dawn, I felt in a strange sort of way more at home than I'd been for a long time in my own sadly altered version of home, even a year on from her death – especially in the first filterings of daylight […]

ref: 2006, Christopher Rush, To Travel Hopefully, page 146:

forms: filterings (plural)


fence

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]籬笆
* [简:自由软体]栅栏
* 正體: 籬[電子計算機]


falconer

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fauconer，源自古法語 falconer、fauconer，源自faucon (“鷹；隼”)。

forms:
falconers (plural)
fauconer (alternative)
fauconier (alternative)
fauconnier (alternative)

ipa: /ˈfælkənɚ/


falconer

forms:
falconers
falconers (nominative singular)
falconer (nominative plural)


universal

etymology_texts: 來自中古英語 universal，來自古法語 universal（現代法語 universel），來自拉丁語 ūniversālis。

text: In Logic, the letter A is used as a symbol for the universal affirmative proposition in the general form "all x is y."

ref: 1911, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:

text: She achieved universal fame.

translation: 她舉世聞名。

text: universal wrench

translation: 萬能扳手

forms:
more universal (comparative)
most universal (superlative)

ipa: /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl̩/

ipa: /ˌjunɪˈvɝsl̩/

rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)səl

general

sense: 全體的

sense: 無限的

general-purpose

sense: 多功能的、萬能的

parts: uni ver sal


universal

glosses: 特定事物的共同特徵或特性。

text: When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

ref: 1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

text: We might also distinguish those expressions which are used to refer to individuals or particulars from those which are used to refer to what philosophers have called universals: e.g., to distinguish such expressions as "Everest" and "this chair" from "the number three", "the color red" and "drunkenness".

ref: 1970, John R. Searle, Speech acts:

forms: universals (plural)


universal

etymology_texts: 來自拉丁語 ūniversālis，最早使用於大約1400年。

forms: universals (masculine feminine plural)


universal

forms:
universaler (strong nominative masculine singular)
universaler (comparative)
am universalsten (superlative)
universall (alternative)
unyversal (alternative)
universalle (alternative)
universell (alternative)
uniyversale (alternative)
universele (alternative)
universel (alternative)

ipa: /univɛʁˈzaːl/

rhymes: -aːl


universal

etymology_texts: 來自古法語 universel，來自拉丁語 ūniversālis；相等於universe + -al。

glosses: 給予完全餘地和控制的；具有普遍力量的。

glosses: 不偏不倚，公正的，非政治性的

glosses: 未定型的，非創作的，未做完的

ipa: /iu̯niˈvɛrsal/

ipa: /iu̯nivɛrˈsaːl/

ipa: /iu̯niˈvɛrsɛl/


universal

pos: det

pos_title: 限定詞


universal

forms:
universala (feminine plural)
universals (masculine plural)
universalas (feminine plural)


universal

forms:
universale
üniversal (alternative)


universal

forms:
universais (plural)
mais universal (comparative)
o mais universal (superlative)
universalíssimo (superlative)

parts: u ni ver sal


universal

forms:
universală (feminine singular)
universali (masculine plural)
universale


universal

forms: universales (masculine feminine plural)

ipa: /unibeɾˈsal/

rhymes: -al


flate

glosses: flat 的原级自然阳性定形。


frenulum

etymology_texts: 借自新拉丁語 frēnulum。

forms:
frenula (plural)
frenulums (plural)

ipa: /ˈfrɛnjələm/


frenulum

glosses: frēnum 的指小詞。

forms:
frēnulum (canonical)
frēnulī (genitive)


frenum

forms:
frena (plural)
frenums (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɹiːnəm/


follower

text: It is better to be a good follower than to be a bad leader.

forms: followers (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-follower.wav


upstairs

text: They can sleep in the upstairs bedroom.

translation: 他们可以睡楼上的卧室。

glosses: 高的，（通常指）高于好球区的

text: That fastball was upstairs for a ball.

translation: 那个快球投得太高了。

forms:
up stairs (alternative)
up-stairs (archaic alternative)
further upstairs (comparative)
farther upstairs (comparative)
furthest upstairs (superlative)
farthest upstairs (superlative)

ipa: /ˌʌpˈstɛɹz/

ipa: /ˈʌpˌstɛɹz/

ipa: /ˌʌpˈstɛəz/

ipa: /ˈʌpˌstɛəz/

rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)z

parts: up stairs


upstairs

text: I’ll take my shoes and put them away the next time I go upstairs.

translation: 我上楼的时候我就把我鞋子拿走放起来。

text: I hate the people who live upstairs, and I especially hate their piano.

translation: 我讨厌住我楼上的人，而且特别讨厌他们的钢琴。

text: There was more dancing and singing up stairs, more wit and conversation below; all were at liberty, and all stayed late; and all talked so much of the happiness they had enjoyed, that Lady Anne felt herself exceedingly tempted to give another party before the season finally closed.

ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 255:

text: On arrival at Birmingham New Street, I make my way upstairs to the mezzanine to get shots of an almost deserted concourse, polka-dotted with social distancing circles like some strange board-game.

ref: 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 68:

text: After Joe did a hula dance on the kitchen table, his friends wondered if he didn’t have a lot going on upstairs.

translation: 那次Joe在厨房桌子上跳了呼拉舞以后，他的朋友就怀疑他脑子是不是有什么问题。

text: Are you sure you're alright upstairs?

translation: 你脑子没事吧？


upstairs

forms:
up stairs (alternative)
up-stairs (archaic alternative)
upstairs (plural)


fencing

glosses: fence 的現在時分詞

ipa: /ˈfɛnsɪŋ/

rhymes: -ɛnsɪŋ


foment

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fomenten，借自古法語 fomenter，源自晚期拉丁語 fomentare，源自拉丁語 fōmentum (“润肤液”)，源自fovere (“加热；珍爱”)。

text: He was arrested for fomenting a riot; after all, it's bad enough being in a riot but starting one is much worse.

translation: 他因为煽动暴乱而被逮捕，毕竟参与暴乱已经够坏了，煽动暴乱则更甚。

text: Foreign governments have tried to foment unrest.

translation: 外国政府企图挑起骚乱。

text: Boris Johnson and senior Conservative ministers have vigorously condemned the violence in Washington, but have largely steered clear of condemning Trump for fomenting it.

ref: 2021, Peter Walker, Tories urged to suspend politicians who likened US violence to anti-Brexit protests, in: The Guardian, January 7 2021

text: The maid had entered with us, and began once more to foment the bruise upon her mistress's brow.

ref: 1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Abbey Grange, Norton (2005), page 1178,

forms:
foments (third-person singular present)
fomenting (present participle)
fomented (past participle)

ipa: /fəʊˈmɛnt/

ipa: /foʊˈmɛnt/

ipa: /fəˈmɛnt/

homophone: ferment

beath

sense: 敷


foment

text: He came in no conciliatory mood, and the foment was kept up.

ref: 1892, Julian Ralph, On Canada's Frontier

forms: foments (plural)


fender

glosses: 分裂；裂变，使…裂变；破裂，使…破裂


fallacious

forms:
more fallacious (comparative)
most fallacious (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-fallacious.wav

rhymes: -eɪʃəs

erroneous

sense: 谬误的，错误的

deceitful

sense: 欺骗性的，误导性的


fallacious

text: And I shall not assoylle oonly oon of thy sophymes / but as many as thou canst thynke / and wole well that thou knowe that yf by force of thy sophymes and fallacious argumentes thou make me Innocent / I shall doo vnto the lyke as thou woldest do to me / and yf hit happe that thy scyence may not ouercome me / yet woll I well that thou defende the with armes. and that thou kepe thy lyf as well as thou canst {etc}::. Wyth these wordes the monstre maad vnto hercules seuen sofymes oon after an other so fallacio{us} and fo subtyll / that whan hercules had gyuen solucion to oon / the monstre replyed by seuen argumentes / Allway hercules that was full of philosophie and expert in all scyence. Answerd so solempnly to all his fallacious argumentes that he surmoũted hym

ref: [1473 or 1474], The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, Composed and Drawen out of Dyuerce Bookes of Latyn in to Frensshe, [Bruges]: [William Caxton and, probably, Colard Mansion]:


finagle

forms:
finagles (third-person singular present)
finagling (present participle)
finagled (past participle)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-finagle.wav

rhymes: -eɪɡəl


flats

glosses: flat 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

rhymes: -æts


fallacy

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fallaci、fallace、fallas，源自古法語 fallace，源自拉丁語 fallacia (“欺骗”，名词)，源自fallax (“欺骗性的”)，源自fallere (“欺骗”，动词)。

text: Mr Jones expressed great gratitude to the lady for the kind intentions towards him which she had expressed, and indeed testified, by this proposal; but, besides intimating some diffidence of success from the lady’s knowledge of his love to her niece, which had not been her case in regard to Mr Fitzpatrick, he said, he was afraid Miss Western would never agree to an imposition of this kind, as well from her utter detestation of all fallacy as from her avowed duty to her aunt.

translation: 棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史

ref: 1749，Henry Fielding，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，(please specify |volume=I to VI)卷，London：A[ndrew] Millar, […]，→OCLC：

text: I no longer believe in happiness, because I see the fallacy of my first belief; and the examination which that induced, has shewn me the fallacy of all. Shew me a heart without its hidden wound.

ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 108–109:

text: Baldridge also showed the "one molecule of blood," usually held to be the stimulus for attracting sharks, to be another common fallacy, since a molecule of blood does not exist.

ref: 1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 163:

forms: fallacies (plural)

ipa: /ˈfæləsi/

deception

sense: 欺骗性的事物

logical fallacy

sense: 谬误


fresco

etymology_texts: 源自意大利語 fresco，源自中世紀拉丁語 friscus，源自原始日耳曼語 *friskaz。英語 fresh 的同源對似詞。

forms:
frescos (plural)
frescoes (plural)
freschi (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɹɛskoʊ/

ipa: /ˈfɹɛskəʊ/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fresco.wav

parts: fre sco


fresco

forms:
frescoes (third-person singular present)
frescoing (present participle)
frescoed (past participle)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fresco.wav


fresco

etymology_texts: 源自意大利語 fresco，源自中世紀拉丁語 friscus，源自原始日耳曼語 *friskaz，其亦衍生出荷蘭語 vers和fris。

forms:
fresco's (plural)
frescootje (diminutive)

parts: fres co


fresco

etymology_texts:
源自古加利西亚语和古葡萄牙語 fresco（13世纪的Cantigas de Santa Maria），源自一西方日耳曼語族语言，直接或经由通俗拉丁語 friscus衍生而来，源自原始日耳曼語 *friskaz，其亦衍生出英語 fresh。
作壁画的技艺一意取自意大利語 fresco。

glosses: （夏天在早晨或晚上的）清凉

forms:
frescos (plural)
fresca (feminine)
frescas (feminine plural)

ipa: [ˈfɾeskʊ]


fresco

text: Et cada dia, depoys que esto fezo, parouse sua cara et seu corpo mays fresco

translation: 每天早晨做完这个以后，他的脸和他的身体都更加年轻了。

ref: 1295, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla. Ourense: I.E.O.P.F., p. 657:

text: La quartillos de salgada et xx quartillos de fresca [...] et disso que da fresca marmara iiii quartillos ao salgar

translation: 50夸特的腌鱼和20夸特的鲜鱼…他说鲜鱼腌渍过以后重量减少了4夸特

ref: 1291, Enrique Cal Pardo (ed.), Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo. Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, p. 79:

forms:
fresca (feminine)
frescos (masculine plural)
frescas (feminine plural)


fresco

etymology_texts: 源自中世紀拉丁語 friscus、frescus，源自古倫巴底語 frisc，源自原始日耳曼語 *friskaz，源自原始印歐語 *preysk-。

glosses: （指画作）还未干的，刚画的

forms:
fresca (feminine)
freschi (masculine plural)
fresche (feminine plural)
freschissimo (superlative)

asciutto

sense: （指画作）还未干的，刚画的


fresco

text: stare al fresco

translation: 蹲号子

forms: freschi (plural)

фреско

roman: fresko

フレスコ

roman: furesuko

프레스코

roman: peureseuko


fresco

etymology_texts: 源自古葡萄牙語 fresco，源自中世紀拉丁語 frescus、friscus，源自日耳曼語族 *frisk, 原始日耳曼語 *friskaz，源自原始印歐語 *preysk-。


fresco

etymology_texts: 源自通俗拉丁語 *friscus（亦见于中世纪拉丁语），源自原始西日耳曼語 *frisk，源自原始日耳曼語 *friskaz，源自原始印歐語 *preysk-。

ipa: /ˈfɾesko/

rhymes: -esko

insolente

sense: 厚颜无耻的


fresco

forms: frescos (plural)


unkempt

etymology_texts: 源自早期形式unkembed、unkemmed，源自中古英語 unkempt (“蓬乱的”)，等价于un- + kempt。对比古諾爾斯語 úkembdr。详见kemb。

text: Men on cycles, lean-faced, unkempt, scorched along every country lane, shouting of unhoped deliverance, shouting to gaunt, staring figures of despair.

ref: 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 289:

text: unkempt bedroom

translation: 乱七八糟的寝室

forms:
uncompt (obsolete alternative)
more unkempt (comparative)
most unkempt (superlative)

ipa: /ˌʌnˈkɛmpt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-unkempt.wav

rhymes: -ɛmpt

parts: un kempt


faller

glosses: falla 的現在時直陳式


flatterer

forms: flatterers (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-flatterer.wav


flattering

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 flatering、flatrung (动名词)，等价于flatter + -ing。

text: The dress really did not look very flattering on her figure.

translation: 那件连衣裙不是很合她的身形。

glosses: 满足自尊心的，表扬的，奉承的

forms:
more flattering (comparative)
most flattering (superlative)

enpr: flă'tərĭng

ipa: /ˈflætəɹɪŋ/

becoming

sense: 好看的，漂亮的，合适的


flattering

glosses: flatter 的現在時分詞和動名詞


flattering

forms: flatterings (plural)


fallible

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 fallible，來自中世紀拉丁語 fallibilis (“容易犯錯”)，來自拉丁語 fallere (“欺騙”)。

text: prove fallible

translation: 证明是易错的

text: recognize as fallible

translation: 承认是错误的

text: Even the best doctors are fallible.

translation: 即使是最好的医生也会犯错。

text: He admitted he was fallible like anyone else.

translation: 他承认自己和其他人一样也会犯错。

forms:
more fallible (comparative)
most fallible (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fallible.wav

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Usmaan (Middle river exports)-fallible.wav


unknowable

text: Number fourteen: Some of the things you need to know are things that are unknowable.

translation: 第十四條：有些你需要知道的事情是無法知道的。

ref: 2004，George Carlin，「NINETY-NINE THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW」，收錄於 When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?，New York：Hyperion Books，→ISBN，→OCLC，→OL，39頁：

text: The mascot for the manosphere, Andrew Tate, believes that women belong at home, are a man’s property, and shouldn’t be able to drive. And an unknowable amount of young men are following this rhetoric through sites like Reddit, 4chan, and YouTube. But once they fall down the rabbit hole of the manosphere, is there any getting out?

translation: 男性至上主義的代表人物安德魯·泰特認為，女性應該待在家裡，是男性的私有財產，而且不應該開車。無數年輕男性透過Reddit、4chan和YouTube等網站接受這種論點。但是，一旦他們掉進男性至上主義的漩渦，還有可能逃脫嗎？

ref: 2024年 11月20日，Fortesa Latifi，「How These Men Left the Manosphere — and Why Some May Never」，收錄於 Teen Vogue：

forms:
more unknowable (comparative)
most unknowable (superlative)

unintelligible

sense: 不能知道的，無法得知的


unknowable

text: That night I think of other unknowables. How much love does one need in a lifetime? Is there a quantity of brain space that is allocated to love? And for those of us who have loved less, does this space become occupied by something else? Like cricket, or religion, perhaps.

translation: 那天晚上，我想到了其他一些不可知的問題。一個人一生需要多少愛？大腦中是否也存在著分配給愛的空間？而對於我們這些愛得較少的人來說，這部分空間是否會被其他事物佔據？例如板球，或者宗教。

ref: 2010，Shehan Karunatilaka，Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew，self-published，138頁：

forms: unknowables (plural)


freshly

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 freschely、freschliche（ferscheli、fersly、ferselich也源自此），等同於fresh + -ly。

text: The freshly picked flowers will wilt in a few days but for now are still fragrant.

translation: 刚采摘的花朵几天后就会凋谢，但现在仍然芬芳。

text: Filter cards were prepared from freshly collected blood (EDTA blood, 2–6 h old) and from hemolyzed blood (EDTA blood, 2–4 days stored at -20°C).

ref: 2015 July 6, “Diagnosis of Morquio Syndrome in Dried Blood Spots Based on a New MRM-MS Assay”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

text: He smelt freshly fried kachoris rescued from the wedding buffet.

ref: 2023, Santanu Bhattacharya, One Small Voice, Fig Tree, page 54:

forms:
more freshly (comparative)
most freshly (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɹɛʃli/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-freshly.wav

lately

sense: 最近

impolitely

sense: 無禮的方式


fondue

glosses: 干酪火锅，一种类似于火锅的烹饪方法，来自瑞士的法国社区。

forms: fondues (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɒnduː/

ipa: /fɑnˈdu/


fenman

glosses: 英格兰东部中区沼泽的居民


fennel

etymology_texts: 源自the 中古英語 fenel，源自晚期古英語 finuðl、finule（弱变化阴性形式）、fenol、finul（阳性形式），源自原始西日耳曼語 *fenukl，源自通俗拉丁語 *fēnuclum、fēnoclum，源自晚期拉丁語 fēnuculum，源自古典拉丁語 faeniculum，faenum (“干草”)的指小词形式，对比意大利語 finocchio、奧克語 fenolh、法語 fenouil以及西班牙語 hinojo。英語 finocchio 的同源對似詞。

forms: fennels (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɛnəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fennel.wav

rhymes: -ɛnəl


fretful

forms:
more fretful (comparative)
most fretful (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɹɛtfəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Sapaa-fretful.wav

rhymes: -ɛtfəl


fallup

glosses: 放射性尘埃对海洋地区的污染


fri

glosses:
[形容词] 自由，独立
[动词] 释放，让……自由


flaunt

etymology_texts:
源自北日耳曼語支。可能与挪威語 flanta (“炫耀，四处走”)、冰島語 flana (“四处走，匆匆忙忙”)和法語 flâner (“四处走，晃荡”)有关。
还有说法称，其可能与瑞典語 flankt (“松垮地”)（对比英語 flaunt-a-flaunt）有关，其源自flanka (“摇晃”)，其为flakka (“摇摆”)的鼻音化变体，与中古英語 flacken (“来回走，颤动”)有关。还见flack。

text: The house came into sight, above the cedar grove beyond whose black interstices an apple orchard flaunted in the sunny afternoon.

ref: 1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Library of America, published 1985, page 26:

text: She’s always flaunting her designer clothes.

translation: 她老炫耀她的名牌衣服。

text: Never one to miss an opportunity to flaunt his wealth, Khashoggi let his yacht be used for the 1983 Bond film Never Say Never Again.

ref: 2017 June 7, Adam Lusher, “Adnan Khashoggi: the 'whoremonger' whose arms deals funded a playboy life of decadence and 'pleasure wives'”, in The Independent, London:

glosses: （以穿着华丽等方式）炫耀

text: [T]he younger belles had begun to flaunt in the French fashions of flimsy muslins, shortwaisted— narrow-skirted.

ref: 1856, Dinah Craik, John Halifax, Chapter VI:

forms:
flant (obsolete alternative)
flaunts (third-person singular present)
flaunting (present participle)
flaunted (past participle)

ipa: /flɔːnt/

ipa: /flɑːnt/

ipa: /flɔnt/

ipa: /flɒnt/

ipa: /flɑnt/

rhymes: -ɔːnt

rhymes: -ɑːnt


flaunt

forms:
flant (obsolete alternative)
flaunts (plural)


flaunt

glosses: flout (“嘲笑，轻视”)之同義詞

text: By that late date, however, the golden age of the lurid paperback book was pretty much over, and the sort of punishment meted out to Aday and Maxey for flaunting the sexual mores of a McCarthyite culture would soon be a thing of the past.

ref: 2001, Susan Stryker, Queer Pulp, page 22:

text: Wheeler said companies already are flaunting the rules by offering free or sponsored data services for some products.

ref: 2017 January 20, David Shepardson, “Outgoing FCC chair warns against overturning net neutrality”, in Reuters:

forms:
flaunts (third-person singular present)
flaunting (present participle)
flaunted (past participle)


friar

glosses: fria 的現在時直陳式


foodstuff

forms: foodstuffs (plural)

ipa: /ˈfuːdˌstʌf/

drinkstuff

sense: 食品；食物；食材


falsetto

etymology_texts: 借自意大利語 falsetto，源自falso (“虛假的”)。

forms: falsettos (plural)

enpr: fälsĕʹtō

ipa: /fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/

parts: fal set to


falsetto

etymology_texts: 借自意大利語 falsetto，源自falso (“虛假的”)。

forms:
falsettos (third-person singular present)
falsettoing (present participle)
falsettoed (past participle)

ipa: /fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/


unleash

text: He unleashed his dog in the park.

translation: 他在公園撒開了自己的狗。

text: He unleashed his fury.

translation: 他發洩了自己的怒火。

text: As Bent pulled away to the far post, Agbonlahor opted to go it alone, motoring past Gary Caldwell before unleashing a shot into the roof of the net.

translation: 本特正往遠端柱移動，這時，阿邦拉霍選擇獨自突破，越過加利卡達維，然後射門，將球射入門網頂端。

ref: 2011年 10月1日，約翰辛諾特，「Aston Villa 2 - 0 Wigan」，收錄於 BBC 體育：

text: Storm Charlie had raged throught [sic] the night and was unleashing further gusts on the morning that RAIL was due to inspect a vegetation management project in Kent. Bit by bit, the train timetable unravelled. A trip beginning at Bradford-on-Avon belatedly reached Bath, but that turned out to be journey's end.

translation: 颶風「查理」肆虐了整個晚上，並在鐵路公司計畫在肯特郡檢查植被管理專案的那天早上釋放更強烈的陣風，導致火車時刻表依次取消。從埃文河畔布拉德福德出發的行程才剛到達巴斯，結果卻要止步於此了。

ref: 2020年 6月3日，安德魯莫蘭特，「A safer railway in a greener habitat」，收錄於 《鐵路》(Rail)，58頁：

text: People who talk about an imminent possibility of war seldom pose this question: What would North Korea’s leadership get from unleashing a war that they are likely to lose in weeks, if not days?

translation: 說戰爭很有可能會爆發的人很少提出這個問題：北韓領導人發動一場幾個星期甚至幾天就會輸掉的戰爭，能得到什麼好處？

ref: 2013年 4月9日，安德烈蘭科夫，「Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.」，收錄於 《紐約時報》：

forms:
unleashes (third-person singular present)
unleashing (present participle)
unleashed (past participle)

ipa: /ʌnˈliʃ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-unleash.wav

rhymes: -iːʃ

leash

sense: 解除繩索或鏈子的束縛。


feoffer

forms:
feofor (alternative)
feoffor (alternative)
feoffers (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɛfə(ɹ)/


foolhardy

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 folehardy、foolhardi、folherdi，源自古法語 fol hardi (“莽撞的”)，源自古法語 fol (“愚蠢的，疯癫的”)（←拉丁語 follis (“风箱；袋子；充气球；肚子”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰelǵʰ- (“涨”)） + 古法語 hardi (“耐用的，强韧的，坚韧的”)（hardir (“使...坚硬”)的过去式，源自不可考的古法蘭克語 *hartjan，源自原始日耳曼語 *harduz (“硬的，勇敢的”)），等价于fool + hardy。对比fool-bold、fool-large等词。

glosses: 蛮勇的，鲁莽的，冲动而不计后果的

text: In the middle distance several foolhardy souls in wet suits were surfing toward some foamy outbursts on the rocky headland; nearer in, a scattering of paddlers was being continually and, it seemed, happily engulfed by explosive waves.

ref: 2000, Bill Bryson, chapter 1, in In a Sunburned Country, 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: Broadway Books, →ISBN, page 14:

text: It is a reckless, foolhardy leap into the unknown and the prelude, perhaps, to what the existentialist writer Albert Camus described in La chute – a fall from grace, in every conceivable sense.

ref: 2017 March 26, “The Observer view on triggering article 50: As Britain hurtles towards the precipice, truth and democracy are in short supply”, in The Observer, London, archived from the original on 30 Aug 2017:

forms:
foolhardier (comparative)
more foolhardy (comparative)
foolhardiest (superlative)
most foolhardy (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfuːlhɑːdi/

ipa: /ˈfulˌhɑɹdi/

parts: fool har dy


foolhardy

text: Resentful of the saddle-fast stranger, eight foolhardies return for more adventure.

ref: 1977, Rolf R. Mueller, Festival and Fiction in Heinrich Wittenwiler's Ring, page 26:

text: Some foolhardies in the schoolhouse laughed at him then and Griff stuck their heads into toilets, one by one over the next week.

ref: 2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys:

forms: foolhardies (plural)


frictional

text: The large frictional forces made dragging it impossible.

translation: 強烈的摩擦力使得它很難拖動。


falter

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 falteren (“蹒跚，踉跄”)，之后词源不详。可能源自某北日耳曼語支语言，比如古諾爾斯語 faltrask (“被妨碍”)。也可能是fold的反复态，但从d变换为t不寻常。

text: Tom, who isn't paying much attention, is suddenly caught by the falter in his voice as he reads the two lines—

ref: 2009, Ruth Cigman, Andrew Davis, New Philosophies of Learning (page 200)

forms:
faulter (archaic alternative)
falters (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɔːltə(r)/

ipa: /ˈfɒltə(r)/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-falter.wav


falter

text: He found his legs falter.

ref: 1672, Richard Wiseman, A Treatise of Wounds

text: Considering the results of the study, today John may be buoyed at the clear trend of increasing numbers of new “lishes” for each successive decade since the 1950s, and the fact that nothing in the data suggests this trend is likely to falter.

ref: 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 18:

glosses: 结巴地说，用颤抖的声音说，口齿不清地说

text: And here he faltered forth his last farewell.

ref: 1807, Lord Byron, Childish Recollections

text: With faltering speech and visage incomposed.

ref: 1667，John Milton，「Book 2」，收錄於 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London： […] [Samuel Simmons], […]，→OCLC；再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London：Basil Montagu Pickering […]，1873，→OCLC：

glosses: (指思考) 不清楚，不明晰，模糊

text: And remember, comrades, your resolution must never falter.

ref: 1945年 8月17日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，第1章，收錄於 Animal Farm […]，London：Secker & Warburg，→OCLC：

text: Ere her native king / Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms.

ref: 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

forms:
faulter (archaic alternative)
falters (third-person singular present)
faltering (present participle)
faltered (past participle)


unlimited

text: The Scottish Region is issuing a Day Rail-Rover Ticket, available at 12 hours' notice, permitting unlimited travel in an area bounded by Edinburgh, St. Andrews, Dundee, Perth, Comrie, Callander, Stirling and Falkirk for 25s. (children, 12s. 6d.). . . .

translation: 苏格兰地区推出一日铁路通票，提前12小时即可购买，持票人可在爱丁堡、圣安德鲁斯、邓迪、珀斯、康里、卡兰德、斯特灵和福尔柯克围成的区域内无限次乘坐列车，票价为25先令（儿童票价为12先令6便士）。

ref: 1960 September，「Talking of Trains: News in Brief」，收錄於 Trains Illustrated，523頁：

forms:
more unlimited (comparative)
most unlimited (superlative)

parts: un lim it ed


unlisted

glosses: 未列入的 电话簿上没有记录的

text: an unlisted number

translation: 未记录号码

glosses: 未列入的 未上市的

glosses: 未列入的 未受到官方保护（从而免遭拆除或改建）的

rhymes: -ɪstɪd


unlisted

glosses: unlist 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


fames

etymology_texts: 来自原始印歐語 *dʰH- (“消失”)。与affatim、fatīscō、fatīgō、fessus有联系。

forms:
famēs (canonical)
famis (genitive)


unlucky

glosses: 不幸的，不走運的，倒霉的

text: I pray you in your Letters, / When you ſhall theſe vnluckie deeds relate, / Speake of me, as I am. […] / Of one, whoſe ſubdu'd Eyes, / Albeit un-vsed to the melting moode, / Drops teares as faſt as the Arabian Trees / Their Medicinable gumme.

ref: 1603, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isbbc Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act V, scene ii, page 338:

text: "So he has a chance," said Connie. "Buckley's chance, the way his luck is. Fell out with his girl he did, and lost his job, and now 'e's goin' to lose 'is life. The unluckiest man that ever lived."

ref: 1936, Andrew Barton ("Banjo") Paterson, The Shearer′s Colt:

text: Her unluckier daughter and great-granddaughter have been tarred by amour's sloppy brush; but Mrs. Keppel, as her biographer Diana Souhami has written, "turned adultery into an art."

ref: 1999 February 14, Liesl Schillinger, “The Lost Art of the Love Affair”, in The New York Times:

text: For those unlucky enough to be on a service without lavatory provision, we can only speculate as to how passengers improvised if caught short. For men, it might be possible to urinate, albeit at the risk of offending fellow passengers - there were reports of passengers being hauled up before the courts for 'micturition' in coaches during the 19th century.

ref: 2020 January 2, Dr Mike Esbester, “Waste disposal...”, in Rail, page 36:

text: By random chance alone, 99 times out of 100, the Lions should have won an NFL or NFC championship. Worse for arguably the league’s unluckiest fan base, the Lions haven’t really been competitive.

ref: 2022 February 12, Harry Enten, “Cincinnati Bengals vs. Los Angeles Rams: The unluckiest sports teams and other Super Bowl musings”, in CNN:

text: Country like Nepal, India, Bhutan and Myanmar, people who follows Hindu religion, they consider the numbers 0, 1, 8, 10, 12, 19 and 28 as unlucky numbers, bad luck or evil spirits etc. These numbers are called oudenophobia, henophobia, octophobia, decaphobia, dodecaphobia, enneadecaphobia and eikosioctophobia respectively.

ref: 2020 August 23, Rajendra Kunwar, “MATHEMATICS PHOBIA: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND WAYS TO OVERCOME”, in International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, volume 8, number 8, →ISSN, page 820:

forms:
unluckier (comparative)
more unlucky (comparative)
unluckiest (superlative)
most unlucky (superlative)

ipa: /ʌnˈlʌki/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-unlucky.wav

rhymes: -ʌki


frightening

glosses: 嚇人的，令人驚嚇的，令人恐懼的

text: Riding the rollercoaster was a frightening experience.

translation: 乘坐过山车是一次令人恐惧的经历。

text:
The Owl is flying high, frightening to the eye.
The Rattler is nearby, Cool is on the fly.
Danger is his business.

ref: 1966，「Cool McCool (theme song)」，Bernie Green（作曲）（Cool McCool (television series)），由 Bob McFadden：

forms:
more frightening (comparative)
most frightening (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/

ipa: /ˈfɹaɪtnɪŋ/

rhymes: -aɪtnɪŋ

parts: fright en ing


frightening

glosses: frighten 的現在時分詞和動名詞

text: The scientist was frightening the timid children.

translation: 科学家正在吓唬那些胆小的孩子们。

ipa: /ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/


famished

glosses: famish 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

ipa: /ˈfæmɪʃt/

rhymes: -æmɪʃt


famished

text: I'm famished; I haven't eaten since yesterday.

translation: 我要餓死了；昨天到現在就沒吃過東西。

forms:
more famished (comparative)
most famished (superlative)

starving

sense: 極度飢餓的


ferocious

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 ferōx (“野蛮的，粗鄙的，残暴的”) + -ous。

text: Scotland needed a victory by eight points to have a realistic chance of progressing to the knock-out stages, and for long periods of a ferocious contest looked as if they might pull it off.

ref: 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport:

text: "My memory of him in the office at Peterborough was the ferocious nature of his typing, on a manual machine of course. This was long before the days of desktop publishing, and you could hear him down the corridor absolutely hammering the keyboard."

ref: 2023 January 25, Howard Johnston, “Peter Kelly: August 2 1944-December 28 2022”, in RAIL, number 975, page 47:

forms:
more ferocious (comparative)
most ferocious (superlative)

ipa: /fəˈɹəʊʃəs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ferocious.wav

rhymes: -əʊʃəs


ferocity

etymology_texts: < 拉丁語 ferox （“猛的”） < ferus （“野的”）。

glosses: 凶猛，凶恶，凶残，残忍，猛烈

forms: ferocities (plural)


footloose

forms:
more footloose (comparative)
most footloose (superlative)


fledgling

etymology_texts: fledge（“生長羽毛；羽毛豐滿”） + 指小後綴 -ling。

forms: fledgeling (alternative)

ipa: /ˈflɛdʒlɪŋ/


fledgling

etymology_texts: fledge（“生長羽毛；羽毛豐滿”） + 指小後綴 -ling。

forms:
fledgeling (alternative)
fledglings (plural)


finner

glosses: finna 的現在時直陳式


fint

glosses: fin的不定中性單數形式。


fleet-footed

forms:
more fleet-footed (comparative)
most fleet-footed (superlative)


frisky

text: He had his hands full, with three frisky kittens in the house.

translation: 三只猫咪在家里跳来跳去他根本应付不过来。

forms:
friskier (comparative)
friskiest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɹɪski/

rhymes: -ɪski

energetic

sense: 欢跳的，欢闹的，闹腾的

horny

sense: 激起了性欲的，性奋的


fleeting

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fleten (“浮动”)，源自古英語 flēotan (“浮动”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *fleutaną，源自原始印歐語 *plewd-。

text: Architecture, sculpture, painting are static arts. Even in literature "our flying minds," as George Meredith says, cannot contain protracted description. It is so; for from sequences of words they must assemble all the details in one simultaneous impression. But moments of fleeting beauty too transient to be caught by any means less swift than light itself are registered on the screen.

ref: 1931, Martha Kinross, “The Screen — From This Side”, in The Fortnightly, volume 130, page 511:

text: During the fleeting summer months of his field season, when the outer vestiges of winter melted briefly, there were ponds and pools and lakes of water everywhere.

ref: 2003, Gabrielle Walker, Snowball Earth: The Story of a Maverick Scientist and His Theory of the Global Catastrophe That Spawned Life As We Know It, Three Rivers Press, →ISBN, pages 34–35:

text: For starters, we see examples all the time of some middle-aged men trying to hang onto their own fleeting youth by sporting younger women on their arms.

ref: 2008, Barbara L. Bellman, Susan Goldstein, Flirting After Fifty: Lessons for Grown-Up Women on How to Find Love Again, iUniverse, published 2008, →ISBN, page 12:

text: And I am inspired afresh to pursue the stunning beauty of Christ rather than the fleeting beauty of this world.

ref: 2010, Leslie Ludy, The Lost Art of True Beauty: The Set-Apart Girl's Guide to Feminine Grace, Harvest House Publishers, published 2010, →ISBN, page 5:

forms:
more fleeting (comparative)
most fleeting (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfliːtɪŋ/

rhymes: -iːtɪŋ

transient

sense: 短暂的；转瞬即逝的


fleeting

glosses: fleet 的現在時分詞和動名詞


fandango

glosses: m. (西班牙的)方丹戈舞，方丹戈舞曲


unmilitary

text: The Indian military system is full of unmilitary anomalies, all productive of irresponsibility and undiscipline.

translation: 印度的軍事體系充滿了非軍事性的異常現象，所有這些都導致了不負責任和無紀律。

ref: 1860，Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons，Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons，72頁：

text: National Guards and Soldiers of the line […] fall into disorderly street-processions, constitutional unmilitary exclamations and hurrahings.

ref: 1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

text: Tragedy developed affinities with civic ideals of restraint, manly control, and heroic discipline, but comedy, and in particular the comic body, developed affinities with anticivic excess, sexual abandon, and unmilitary, antiathletic slackness.

translation: 悲劇與克制、男子氣概和英雄紀律等公民理想有著密切的聯繫，而喜劇，尤其是喜劇的本體，則與反公民的過度、性的放縱以及非軍事性的、反運動的懈怠產生了密切的聯繫。

ref: 2000，Beth Cohen，Not the Classical Ideal：

forms:
more unmilitary (comparative)
most unmilitary (superlative)


fang

forms: fangs (plural)

enpr: făng

ipa: /fæŋ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fang.wav

rhymes: -æŋ


fang

forms:
fangs (third-person singular present)
fanging (present participle)
fanged (past participle)


frivolous

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 frīvolus (“愚蠢的，空洞的，轻浮的，无价值的”)，后缀调整成了-ous。

glosses: 轻浮的，轻率的，轻狂的，不认真的

text: There is no easy definition for the phrase 'frivolous lawsuit,' but I imagine any claim for damages where the injuries are minimal or where the basis for the defendant's liability is hard to believe, might qualify as frivolous.

ref: 1996 August 31, Paul F. Waldner, President-Elect, Houston Trial Lawyers Association, “Viewpoints”, in Houston Chronicle:

text: One of the major cost drivers in the delivery of health care are these junk and frivolous lawsuits.

ref: 2005, Factcheck.org:

forms:
more frivolous (comparative)
most frivolous (superlative)

parts: friv o lous


Ferris

etymology_texts: 源自諾曼語 Ferrers ← 地名 Ferrières ← 法語 fer（“鐵”）。

glosses: 菲利斯（姓氏），源自人名Fergus/諾曼語姓氏Ferrers。

rhymes: -ɛrəs


fro

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示古法語。


fireclay

text: On the descent the line is often in cuttings; some are high, such as at Scarcroft, where a cut through firestone and fireclay was necessary, and near Bardsey, where the line threads a deep tree-lined gorge.

ref: 1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated, page 101:

forms: fireclays (plural)


frolic

etymology_texts:
源自荷蘭語 vrolijk (“欢喜的”)，源自中古荷蘭語 vrolijc，源自古荷蘭語 frōlīk，源自原始日耳曼語 *frawalīkaz。对比德語 fröhlich (“开心的，快乐的”)。
前一个元素，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *frawaz并与中古英語 frow (“匆忙的”)同源；之后的元素，最终源自*-līkaz并与-ly、-like同源。

glosses: 开心的，欢快的，欢腾的，闹腾的

text: There on Beds of Violets blew,

ref: 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro” in Poems, London: Humphrey Moseley, p. 31,

text: The gay, the frollick, and the loud.

ref: 1682, Edmund Waller, “Of Love” in Poems, &c. written upon several occasions, and to several persons, London: H. Herringman, 5th edition, 1686, p. 73,

text: You meet him at the tables and conversations of the wise, the impertinent, the grave, the frolic, and the witty; [...]

ref: 1766, Joseph Addison, The Spectator - Volume 5 - Page 304:

text: Beale, under this frolic menace, took nothing back at all; he was indeed apparently on the point of repeating his extravagence, but Miss Overmore instructed her little charge that she was not to listen to his bad jokes [...].

ref: 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:

date: 自16世纪30年代

forms:
frolick (alternative)
more frolic (comparative)
most frolic (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɹɒlɪk/

ipa: /ˈfɹɑlɪk/

rhymes: -ɒlɪk

parts: frol ic


frolic

text: We saw the lambs frolicking in the meadow.

translation: 我们看到羔羊在草地上嬉戏。

date: 自16世纪80年代

forms:
frolick (alternative)
frolics (third-person singular present)
frolicking (present participle)
frolicked (past participle)


frolic

text: By the old-fashioned magnificence of this procession, it might worthily have included his Holiness in person, with a suite of attendant Cardinals, if those sacred dignitaries would kindly have lent their aid to heighten the frolic of the Carnival.

ref: 2012 (original 1860), Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Marble Faun - Page 276:

date: 自17世纪10年代

text: He would be at his frolic once again.

ref: 1680, James Dillon, 3rd Earl of Roscommon, Art of Poetry

text: He came clattering up to the school door with an invitation to Ichabod to attend a merry-making or “quilting frolic,” to be held that evening at Mynheer Van Tassel’s

ref: 1820, Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow:

forms:
frolick (alternative)
frolics (plural)


firefighter

etymology_texts: fire + fighter。作為 fireman 和 firewoman的性別中性詞彙。

forms: firefighters (plural)


unnecessary

glosses: 多餘或不需要的，不必要的

text: The automatic child-frightener made clowns unnecessary.

translation: 有了“自動嚇小孩器”，小丑就顯得不必要了。

text: Robins, of Torquay, had denied a single charge of causing unnecessary suffering to an animal. She claimed the microwave was accidentally turned on by one of the cats after the kitten got inside. But Knutton said the kitten was too small to even get onto the work surface.

translation: 來自托奇镇的罗宾斯，否认了“对动物造成不必要痛苦”的单项指控。她辩称，微波炉是在小猫进入后被另一只猫意外打开的。但克努森回驳道，小猫太小了，根本连工作台都爬不上去。

ref: 2011年 12月14日，Steven Morris，「Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave [因將小貓在微波爐中殺死，德文郡一女性被判入獄168天]」，收錄於 Guardian：

forms:
more unnecessary (comparative)
most unnecessary (superlative)

ipa: /ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹɪ/

superfluous

sense: 不需要的

additional

sense: 額外的

necessary

sense: 不需要

required

sense: 附加需求


forbearance

forms: forbearances (plural)

ipa: /fɔɹˈbeɹən(t)s/

ipa: /fɔːˈbɛːɹən(t)s/

ipa: /foːˈbiəɹɘn(t)s/


firefly

text: The luciferins are different in different species and today both the luciferin and luciferase in the firefly are available in the crystalline form.

ref: 2004, B. V. David, T. N. Ananthakrishnan, “Chapter 20: Bioluminescence”, in General and Applied Entomology, 2nd edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, page 130:

text: Various other luciferase genes, especially the firefly luciferase gene, are also used for the study of gene regulation.[…]The classic use of bioluminescence, however, is the use of a luciferin-luciferase mixture from fireflies as an assay for ATP.

ref: 2007, Lars Olof Björn, Helen Ghiradella, “23: Bioluminescence”, in Lars Olof Björn, editor, Photobiology: The Science of Life and Light, 2nd edition, Springer, page 607:

forms:
fire-fly (alternative)
fireflies (plural)

lightning bug

sense: 甲蟲


ferrocene

etymology_texts: ferrous（二价铁，亚铁） + -ocene（金属茂基配合物）

forms: ferrocenes (plural)


fantastico

etymology_texts: 借自意大利語 fantastico (“幻想的”)，源自晚期拉丁語 phantasticus (“假想的，虛幻的”)。英語 fantastic和英語 fantastique 的同源對似詞。

forms:
more fantastico (comparative)
most fantastico (superlative)


fantastico

etymology_texts: 借自晚期拉丁語 phantasticus (“假想的，虛幻的”)，源自古希臘語 φανταστικός (phantastikós)。

glosses: 想像的，虛構的，幻想的，傳說的

glosses: 擁有不同動物身體部位的怪物

forms:
fantastica (feminine)
fantastici (masculine plural)
fantastiche (feminine plural)

rhymes: -astiko


fantastico

etymology_texts: 請參閲主詞條的词源章節。

glosses: fantasticare 的第一人稱單數現在時直陳式


firelight

text: He sat on by the cheerful firelight thrown from a bundle of green ash-sticks laid across the dogs; the sticks snapped pleasantly, and hissed out bubbles of sap from their ends.

translation: 他坐在壁爐的旁邊，在壁爐裏薪架上，燃燒着一堆綠色的桦樹枝，上面閃耀着歡樂的火苗；樹枝燒得劈劈啪啪地直響，樹枝的端頭燒得冒出了白沫。

ref: 1891，Thomas Hardy，第XXXI章，收錄於 Tess of the d'Urbervilles：

forms: firelights (plural)


front-runner

glosses: 领先时始能发挥能力的赛马


unobtainable

text: With secondhand bullhead rail almost unobtainable, the NYMR has been forced to go for new flat-bottom rail and orders are being placed; 58 fb rails are already en route to the railway.

translation: 由於幾乎買不到二手牛頭鋼軌，NYMR 被迫購買新的平底鋼軌，並且正在下訂單； 58條平底鋼軌已經在運往鐵路公司的途中。

ref: 1979 August，Michael Harris，「A line for all reasons: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway」，收錄於 Railway World，412頁：

text: Common Goal’s grand ambition is to reach a position where 1% of football’s entire multibillion dollar industry is donated to charity. It might seem an impossible dream – just as a young boy’s fantasy of becoming a top footballer almost always seems unobtainable. But Mata was one of those who fulfilled his footballing dream.

translation: Common Goal 的宏偉目標是將整個足球產業數十億美元收入的1%捐給慈善機構。這似乎是一個不可能實現的夢想－就像一個小男孩幻想成為頂級足球員一樣，幾乎總是遙不可及的。但馬塔是實現自己足球夢想的人之一。

ref: 2018年 1月1日，Donald McRae，「The Guardian footballer of the year 2017: Juan Mata」，收錄於 the Guardian：

forms:
more unobtainable (comparative)
most unobtainable (superlative)


unobtainable

text: On the whole they are at present fairly cheap, and are not overburdened with long priced stamps, and still fewer unobtainables.

ref: 1896, The American Journal of Philately, volume 9, page 294:

text: Refusals, or unobtainables, are difficult to predict, but seem to be affected by the nature of the respondent, the sponsorship of the study, and the nature of the questions. Some refusals are definite and final […]

ref: 1975, Gerald Zaltman, Philip Burger, Marketing research: fundamentals and dynamics, page 293:

forms: unobtainables (plural)


unobtrusive

glosses: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

text: Behind an unobtrusive iron door in Dalston decorated with an ever-changing graffiti skin, lies a staircase leading down to a concrete bunker dating from the second world war.

ref: 2014 March 11, Jen Wong, “Exploring the mind in a bunker”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Nov 2022:

text: This unobtrusive device helps millions of Americans sleep and concentrate by hushing the world around them.

ref: 2019 June 23, Mack Hagood, “How a Bad Night’s Sleep Birthed the Sound Conditioner”, in The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 14 Mar 2023:

text: The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to three scientists whose work harnessed the power of molecular interaction and introduced new, unobtrusive ways of studying the natural world.

ref: 2022 October 5, Cora Engelbrecht, Euan Ward, Oliver Whang, “Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to 3 scientists for work ‘snapping molecules together’”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 17 Mar 2023:

forms:
more unobtrusive (comparative)
most unobtrusive (superlative)

ipa: /(ˌ)ʌnəbˈtɹuːsɪv/

ipa: /ˌʌnəbˈtɹusɪv/

inobtrusive

sense: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

sedate

sense: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

conspicuous

sense: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

indiscreet

sense: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

obtrusive

sense: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

prominent

sense: 不显眼的，不张扬的，低调的

parts: un ob trus ive


ferrofluid

etymology_texts: 出自 ferro- ("铁") + fluid ("流体")。出自拉丁语 ferrum ("铁") 和 fluidus ("流体")。


far-fetched

text: it may be, if like industry were used, those far fetched druggs would prosper as well with us, as in those countries, whence now we have them […].

ref: 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd版，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps，→OCLC，「partition II, section 4, member 1, subsection ii」：

text: He is full of far-fetched ideas to make money.

translation: 他总有不切实际的赚钱设想。

forms:
far fetched (alternative)
farfetched (alternative)
more far-fetched (comparative)
further-fetched (comparative)
farther-fetched (comparative)
most far-fetched (superlative)
furthest-fetched (superlative)
farthest-fetched (superlative)

rhymes: -ɛtʃt

outlandish

sense: 牵强的，不切实际的


fronton

forms: frontons (plural)

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fronton.wav


firework

glosses: 烟火；烟花。一种装有火药和其他化学品的装置，点燃时会爆炸并发出五彩缤纷的火焰和类似口哨的声音。有时会在爆炸前发射到空中，用于娱乐或庆祝活动。


farad

glosses:
* [S:计量学]法拉
* [T:計量學]法拉


farad

glosses:
m. [理]法，法拉(电容单位)==葡萄牙語==
法拉


firman

glosses: （上帝的，神的）命令，话


fore

glosses: fara 的(過時) 過去時虛擬式


fore

etymology_texts: 来自原始印歐語 *bʰuH- (“成爲”)。


flipper

forms: flippers (plural)

ipa: /ˈflɪpə/

ipa: /ˈflɪpɚ/

rhymes: -ɪpə(r)


flipper

forms:
flippers (third-person singular present)
flippering (present participle)
flippered (past participle)


foreboding

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 forbodyng、vorboding，等价于fore- + boding。对比德語 Vorbote (“预兆”)。

text: A sense of foreboding, the like of which he had never known before, hung heavily on him.

ref: 1956, Arthur C. Clarke, The City and the Stars, page 41:

forms:
forboding (alternative)
forebodings (plural)

augury

sense: 不祥的预感


foreboding

glosses: 不祥的，预示着结果不好的

text: Blood on the street / Foreboding god complex / She never knew she was next

ref: 2018，「Blood on the Street」，由 Soulfly：

forms:
forboding (alternative)
more foreboding (comparative)
most foreboding (superlative)


foreboding

glosses: forebode 的現在時分詞和動名詞

forms: forboding (alternative)


frugivorous

forms:
more frugivorous (comparative)
most frugivorous (superlative)


forecaster

text: Students will be surprised to see the weather forecaster is not really standing in front of the maps. These are keyed in electronically; the forecaster stands in front of a green/blue screen.

translation: 学生们会惊讶地发现，天气预报员并不是真的站在地图前。这些都是电子输入的；预报员实际上站在绿色/蓝色屏幕前。

ref: 1995，Keith Kyker，Christopher Curchy，Video projects for elementary and middle schools，79頁：

forms: forecasters (plural)


firsthand

text: firsthand knowledge

translation: 第一手知识

text: I recently received a firsthand report from an old friend — John A. Keel — who until last year was as skeptical a newshound as I have known.

ref: 1967, Ivan Terence Sanderson, Uninvited Visitors:

text: Ours is a generation of aromantics, jaded about matters of the heart — often before gaining firsthand experience.

ref: 1986, Wanda Urbanska, The Singular Generation, Doubleday & Company, published 1986, →ISBN, page 86:

text: 1990 March, Cliff Gromer, Firsthand Report: Yamaha WaveRunner III, Popular Mechanics.

text: Given Mr. Kissinger’s firsthand experience in the anguishing decisions about withdrawal from Vietnam, the disclosure sparked the inevitable Iraq-Vietnam comparisons that Mr. Bush has assiduously sought to avoid.

ref: 2007 January 2, Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “Kissinger’s Appearance Revives Memories of Vietnam Era”, in New York Times:

text: But in his strongest criticism yet of the superdatabase, Sir Ken Macdonald, the former director of public prosecutions, who has firsthand experience of working with intelligence and law enforcement agencies, told the Guardian such assurances would prove worthless in the long run...

ref: 2008 December 31, Alan Travis, Richard Norton-Taylor, “Private firm may track all email and calls”, in The Guardian:

text: The same sort of doublethink is evident in the White House’s treatment of firsthand impeachment witnesses.

ref: 2019 December 2, Eric Lutz, “Trump Lawyer Cites No Due Process as Reason to Sit Out Due Process”, in Vanity Fair:

text: a firsthand copy

forms:
first hand (alternative)
first-hand (alternative)

rhymes: -ænd

direct

sense: 一手的，直接的


firsthand

text: Hell and tarnations, I've known them for muddleheads and blockheads half my life, and firsthand, but I sure didn't expect them to take leave of their senses, insulting our office of President, making our Party into a white demagogue's party, slapping the Negro vote in the face.

ref: 1964, Irving Wallace, The Man, page 537:

text: In the course of three intensive days in and around Guiyu's four villages, the small investigative team witnessed firsthand what passes for recycling of e-waste in Asia.

ref: 2002，Jim Puckett，片头起5:35，收錄於 Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia，由 Mary Ryan，Basel Action Network，→OCLC：

text: He wasn't a gabber, nor a squawker not a ratfink nor a snitch. He wasn't a whistleblower. He wasn't a gossip. He didn't talk about someone behind their back. Banks knew that firsthand because he had tried on several occasions to get Quinley to talk about other people, and Quinley would never do it. He'd laugh and change the subject.

ref: 2007, Ichabauk Rum, “Handra Delamore”, in Ill: A Novel: Book One, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, page 63:

text: In 2000 America witnessed the bare-knuckle tactics of the GOP firsthand in Florida — tactics that included intimidation of black voters, phony felon lists, hired thugs sent by Tom DeLay to stop the recount, a secretary of state who did all that could be done to push the election in Bush's favor, and so on.

ref: 2007, Elliot D. Cohen, Bruce W. Fraser, The Last Days of Democracy: How Big Media and Power-hungry Government are Turning America into a Dictatorship, →ISBN, page 278:

text: Howard Davidowitz, who has studied consumer habits firsthand for decades, said that in the last three years he has seen more cash purchases at luxury boutiques like Louis Vuitton and semiluxury chains like Coach. Mr. Davidowitz, chairman of Davidowitz & Associates, a retail consulting firm, suspects now that $2,000 handbags and $700 shoes are commonplace, more women pay in fresh bills from the A.T.M. to cover their tracks.

ref: 2007 January 14, Shivani Vora, “Money Doesn’t Talk”, in New York Times:

text: On my first trip to China after normalization, I saw firsthand the possibility of leveraging Deng Xiaoping’s very real fear of the Soviets to gain specific intelligence aid from the People’s Republic of China.

ref: 2007, Joe Biden, “This Can't Hurt Us”, in Promises to Keep, New York: Random House, published 2008, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 143:

text: The other girls were frumpier, more sturdy and heavily made up. These boys must have thought this little darling on my lap a perfect vixen, but I knew firsthand the master of vixenry, and was only lightly impressed by the affections of one of her fairy minions.

ref: 2013, The Albino Album: A Novel, page 419:

text: The point man is the only one besides the Shooter who could verify the kill shots firsthand, and he did just that to another SEAL I spoke with.

ref: 2013 February 11, Phil Bronstein, “The Man Who Killed Osama bin Laden… Is Screwed”, in Esquire Magazine:

text: “Ladies, look with your eyes, not just your iPhones,” Reddick said. “I know everything is Facebookable, but sometimes you have to experience things firsthand.”

ref: 2013 August 14, Matt DeBow, “Bug Chicks invade library”, in Lebanon Express, 126 years, number 26, page A4:

text: […] I witness firsthand the difficult "downstream" outcomes (Grusky 2014) of social class stratification in a university setting where approximately 3,400 undergraduates (13% of the undergraduate population) are first in their families to attend and/or graduate from college (first-gens).

ref: 2016, Dwight Lang, “Witnessing Social Class in the Academy”, in Allison L. Hurst, Sandi Kawecka Nenga, editors, Working in Class: Recognizing How Social Class Shapes Our Academic Work, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, part 2 (Teaching), page 102:

text: The growing popularity of dark tourism suggests more and more people are resisting vacations that promise escapism, choosing instead to witness firsthand the sites of suffering they have only read about, said Gareth Johnson, a founder of Young Pioneer Tours, which organized trips for Ms. Joyce and Mr. Faarlund.

ref: 2022 October 28, Maria Cramer, “Beaches? Cruises? ‘Dark’ Tourists Prefer the Gloomy and Macabre”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


first name

text: Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16.[…]Children address teachers by their first names. Even 15-year-olds do no more than 30 minutes' homework a night.

ref: 2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

forms: first names (plural)

audio: En-uk-first name.ogg


farmstead

text:
Young people no longer work on the farmstead
They go to school and to the big town instead

ref: 1974，Tunji Oyelana，「Which Way Africa」：

forms: farmsteads (plural)


forefinger

text: He touched me on the arm with his forefinger twice or thrice giving a ghastly nod each time:- […]

ref: 1866, Charles Dickens, The Signal-Man:

forms: forefingers (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɔːˌfɪŋ.ɡə/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-forefinger.wav

ipa: /ˈfɔɹˌfɪŋ.ɡɚ/


frumpy

glosses: 邋遢的；老土的，不时髦的

text: She came to the door in a frumpy housedress and bedroom slippers.

translation: 她穿着件邋邋遢遢的便服和拖鞋过来应门。

text: Although still young at heart and head, he looks more and more like his old friend Archimedes, increasingly bearded and increasingly grey, with an otherworldly mien – a look that should earn him a spot in the online quiz featuring portraits of frumpy old men under the rubric “Prof or Hobo?”

ref: July 23 2005, Siobhan Roberts, “John Horton Conway: the world’s most charismatic mathematician”, in The Guardian:

forms:
frumpier (comparative)
frumpiest (superlative)

rhymes: -ʌmpi

dowdy

sense: 邋遢的；老土的，不时髦的

unkempt

sense: 邋遢的；老土的，不时髦的

unfashionable

sense: 邋遢的；老土的，不时髦的


fertilise

glosses: fertilize在非牛津英式英語的标准拼写

forms:
fertilises (third-person singular present)
fertilising (present participle)
fertilised (past participle)


fertilise

glosses:
fertiliser 的屈折：
第一人稱/第三人稱單數現在時直陳式/虛擬式

glosses:
fertiliser 的屈折：
第二人稱單數命令式

homophone: fertilisent

roman: fertilises


farrago

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 farrāgō，來自far。英語 farro 的同源對似詞。

forms:
farragos (plural)
farragoes (plural)

ipa: /fəˈɹeɪɡoʊ/

ipa: /fəˈɹɑːɡoʊ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-farrago.wav


fisherfolk

forms: fisherfolks (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɪʃə(ɹ)foʊk/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fisherfolk.wav


forehead

forms: foreheads (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɔːhɛd/

ipa: /ˈfɔːɹɛd/

ipa: /ˈfɒɹɪd/

ipa: /ˈfɒɹɛd/

ipa: /ˈfɔɹɛd/

ipa: /ˈfɔɹɪd/

ipa: /ˈfɑɹɪd/

ipa: /ˈfɔɹˌhɛd/


fervor

etymology_texts: < 中古英語 < 古法語 < 拉丁語 fervor （“沸腾，澎湃”） < fervere （“沸腾”）。 另见 fervent。

forms: fervors (plural)


forejudge

forms:
forejudges (third-person singular present)
forejudging (present participle)
forejudged (past participle)


fest

etymology_texts: < 德語 Festival （“节日”）。

forms: fests (plural)

ipa: /fɛst/

rhymes: -ɛst

homophone: fessed


fest

etymology_texts: < 德語 Fest < 拉丁語 fēstum （“节日，宴会，筵席”）。

forms:
festen
fester (indefinite plural)

ipa: [fɛsd̥]


fest

etymology_texts: < 古高地德語 festi。与英语 fast （“安全的”）同源。

text: Heute ist nun das Eis auf dem Teich fest.　今天水池里结冰了。

text: Holz ist ein sehr festes Material.　木头是很坚硬的材料。

text: Es war ein sehr fester Stoß.　刚才推的一下很有力。

glosses: 固定的，不变的；牢固的，坚固的

text: Wir haben einen festen Ort, wo wir uns immer treffen.　我们有一个固定的会面地点。

text: Obdachlose haben keinen festen Wohnsitz.　无家可归者无固定住处。

text: Er hat einen sehr festen Standpunkt, er wird sich nicht überzeugen lassen.　他立场很坚定，谁都劝不了他。


fest

text: Hogy fest?　它是什么样子？

ipa: /ˈfɛʃt/


festive

forms:
more festive (comparative)
most festive (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɛstɪv/

parts: fes tive


festive

etymology_texts: < fēstīvus （“愉快的，喜庆的”） < fēstus （“节日的”）。

forms: fēstīvē (canonical)


fishtail

forms: fishtails (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɪʃteɪl/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fishtail.wav


fete

glosses: fet 的原级自然阳性定形。


fetiche

glosses:
m. 偶像，神物，崇拜物==葡萄牙語==
物神


fissiparous

forms:
more fissiparous (comparative)
most fissiparous (superlative)

ipa: /fɪˈsɪpəɹəs/


fascismo

etymology_texts: 源自 fascio + -ismo，源自 Partito Nazionale Fascista（國家法西斯黨，1921年創立）。

forms: fascismi (plural)

rhymes: -izmo

фаши́зм

roman: fašízm


fascismo

etymology_texts: 借自意大利語 fascismo，源自 fascio (“棍棒束”)，源自拉丁語 fasces，fascis 的複數。對照葡萄牙語 feixe。

ducismo

sense: 法西斯主義

parts: fas cis mo


fascismo

forms: fascismos (plural)

ipa: /fasˈθismo/

ipa: /faˈsismo/

rhymes: -ismo


fulgent

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fulgent，源自拉丁語 fulgēns。

text: Shirley takes life easily: is not that fact written in her eye? In her good-tempered moments, is it not as full of lazy softness as in her brief fits of anger it is fulgent with quick-flashing fire?

ref: 1849，Currer Bell [筆名; Charlotte Brontë]，「Two Lives」，收錄於 Shirley. A Tale. […]，第II卷，London：Smith, Elder and Co., […]，→OCLC，266頁：

forms:
more fulgent (comparative)
most fulgent (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfʌld͡ʒənt/

ipa: /ˈfʊld͡ʒənt/

radiant

sense: 闪亮的，光辉的，灿烂的


fulgent

glosses: fulgeō 的第三人稱複數現在時主動態直陳式


fulgent

glosses: fulgō 的第三人稱複數將來時主動態直陳式


foresaw

glosses: foresee的一般过去式。


foreshadow

forms:
foreshadows (third-person singular present)
foreshadowing (present participle)
foreshadowed (past participle)

ipa: /fɔːˈʃadəʊ/

rhymes: -ædəʊ


feudal

glosses:
adj. 封地的，采邑的，封建的，封建制度的==葡萄牙語==
封建的


full-fledged

text: After she passes the bar exam, she will be a full-fledged lawyer.

translation: 她通过律师考试以后，将成为一名真正的律师。

text: Ansible is not a full-fledged programming language, but it does have several programming language features, and one of the most important of these is variable substitution.

translation: Ansible不是一個五臟俱全的程式語言，但是它的確有一些程式語言的特色，其中一個最重要的是變數代換。

ref: 2017，Lorin Hochstein，René Moser，「4. Variables and Facts」，收錄於 Ansible: Up and Running，2nd版，O’Reilly，→ISBN：

forms: fully fledged (alternative)


fitful

etymology_texts: 源自fit (“抽搐；突然活跃”) + -ful (从名词构成形容词的后缀，“充满...的”，“倾向于...的”，“有...性质的”)。

text: Duncane is in his Graue: / After Lifes fitfull Feuer, he ſleepes well, / Treaſon ha's done his worſt: not Steele, not Poyſon, / Mallice domeſtique, forraine Leuie, nothing, / Can touch him further.

ref: c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 140, column 2:

glosses: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

text: His breathing was fitful.

translation: 他的呼吸不均匀。

text: Troubled by her unfinished work, she fell into a fitful sleep.

translation: 因为受没有完成的工作折磨，她断断续续地睡着了。

text: So fitful has Britain’s economy been that any good news is understandably snatched at.

ref: 2012 October 27, “The economy: Don’t say ‘green shoots’: Britain emerges from its second recession in four years”, in The Economist, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 29 Oct 2012:

forms:
more fitful (comparative)
most fitful (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɪtf(ʊ)l/

ipa: /ˈfɪtf(ə)l/

capricious

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

changeable

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

changing

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

erratic

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

shifting

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

spasmodic

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

unfitful

sense: 断断续续的，间歇的，不规则的，一阵一阵的

parts: fit ful


fastest

glosses: fast (形容詞)的最高級形式

text: He set a new fastest time for running a mile.

translation: 他创造了一英里跑的最快成绩。

text: Scientists say it is one of the world’s fastest-melting glaciers.

translation: 科学家称它是世界上融化速度最快的冰川之一。

ref: 2018，VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns：

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fastest.wav


fastest

glosses: fast (副詞)的最高級形式

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fastest.wav


fastest

glosses: fast 的(古舊第二人稱單數現在時) 第二人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

text: But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face.

translation: 你禁食的时候，要梳头洗脸


fastest

glosses:
fasten 的屈折：
第二人稱單數現在時

glosses:
fasten 的屈折：
第二人稱單數虛擬式一式

ipa: /ˈfastəst/

homophone: fasstest

parts: fas test


fastest

glosses:
fasen 的屈折：
第二人稱單數簡單過去時

glosses:
fasen 的屈折：
第二人稱單數虛擬式二式

ipa: /ˈfaːstəst/


foreskin

forms: foreskins (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɔːskɪn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foreskin.wav

ipa: /ˈfɔɹskɪn/

ipa: /ˈfo(ː)ɹskɪn/

ipa: /ˈfoəskɪn/

parts: fore skin


fastidious

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 fastīdiōsus (“觉得恶心的，蔑视的，鄙夷的；让人恶心的，令人厌恶的”)，源自fastīdium (“厌恶，恶心”)，可能因为*fastutidium，源自fastus (“鄙夷，傲慢，觉得反感”) + taedium (“反感”)。对比法語 fastidieux。

glosses: 严格而挑剔的，一丝不苟的；苛刻的

text: He had at first tried to clean up as they ate, his fastidious nature kicking in, but Chris had told him to just stop, he was blocking the TV.

ref: 2003, Lynsay Sands, Single White Vampire:

text: As she cleaned the room daily, she knew it was against his fastidious nature to bring or have food in his room.

ref: 2004, Maria Osborne Perr, Ravished Wings:

text: His fastidious nature had been evident in his careful snipping of a customer's hair and now he guided his pencil with the same adroitness.

ref: 2008, Robert Fisher, Memory Road:

text: "If you are fastidious, clean previously used pots inside and out; if not, merely clean the outside (unless you are battling a pest infestation; then the inside will need scrubbing as well)."

ref: 2010, Debra Lee Baldwin, Succulent Container Gardens: Design Eye-Catching Displays with 350 Easy-Care ...:

text: "It's burn[t], M'sieur," said Marie Louise, politely, but decidedly, to the utter confusion of Mr. Billy, who was as mortified as could be at the failure of his dinner to please his fastidious little visitor.

ref: 1897, Kate Chopin, The Lilies:

forms:
more fastidious (comparative)
most fastidious (superlative)

rhymes: -ɪdiəs

exacting

sense: 严格而挑剔的，一丝不苟的；苛刻的

fussy

sense: 严格而挑剔的，一丝不苟的；苛刻的

meticulous

sense: 严格而挑剔的，一丝不苟的；苛刻的

niggly

sense: 严格而挑剔的，一丝不苟的；苛刻的

pernickety

sense: 严格而挑剔的，一丝不苟的；苛刻的

parts: fas ti di ous


forestall

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 forestallen (“防止，阻碍，奇袭，堵截”)，源自forestalle (“阻碍，堵截”)，源自古英語 foresteall (“妨碍司法；奇袭”)，源自fore- (“前面”) + steall (“摆放，放置”)，等价于fore- + stall。

text: Fred forestalled disaster by his prompt action.

translation: Fred迅速行动防止了灾难发生。

text: In French, an aspirated h forestalls elision.

translation: 法语中，有嘘音h时不省略元音。

glosses: 买断某商品全部存货来囤积居奇

forms:
forestalls (third-person singular present)
forestalling (present participle)
forestalled (past participle)
foresteal (alternative)
forsteal (alternative)
forestal (alternative)

ipa: /fɔː(ɹ)ˈstɔːl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-forestall1.wav

rhymes: -ɔːl


forestall

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 forstal，源自古英語 foresteall (“阻碍，妨碍；奇袭，袭击；在高速路上阻碍交通；犯阻碍交通的罚款；抵抗，违抗”)，等价于fore- + stall。

forms: forestalls (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-forestall2.wav


foretell

etymology_texts: 约1300年，源自中古英語 foretellen，等价于fore- + tell。

text: Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and lustre of his character.

ref: 1741, Conyers Middleton, The Life of Cicero:

glosses: 给...预言，告诉...预言

text: […] there came to him a Person named Saul, whom Samuel had never before seen; but God made him know it was the same he had foretold him of.

ref: 1739, Edward Button, Rudiments of Ancient History:

forms:
foretel (obsolete alternative)
foretells (third-person singular present)
foretelling (present participle)
foretold (past participle)

enpr: fôr-tĕlʹ

ipa: /fɔɹˈtɛl/

rhymes: -ɛl

parts: fore tell


fulminating

forms:
more fulminating (comparative)
most fulminating (superlative)


fey

forms:
more fey (comparative)
most fey (superlative)

ipa: /feɪ/

rhymes: -eɪ


flotilla

glosses: f. 飞行小队，小吨位船队


fiasco

glosses:
m. 恶果，失败==葡萄牙語==
大败


forever

ipa: /fəˈɹɛvə(ɹ)/

ipa: /fəˈɹɛvɚ/

ipa: [fəˈɹɛvɚ]

ipa: [fɚˈɛvɚ]

ipa: [fɔɹˈɛvɚ]

rhymes: -ɛvə(r)


fixture

forms: fixtures (plural)

audio: EN-AU ck1 fixture.ogg


forevermore

text: Poor Pope; and I am told he is fast growing bankrupt too; and will, in a measurable term of years (a great way within the ‘three hundred’), not have a penny to make his pot boil! His old rheumatic back will then get to rest; and himself and his stage-properties sleep well in Chaos forevermore.

ref: 1843年，Thomas Carlyle，Past and Present，book 3，ch. I，Phenomena

text: A frozen sun forevermore the same.

ref: 1922, Clark Ashton Smith, Eidolon:

ipa: /fəˈɹɛv.ə.mɔː/

ipa: /fɔːɹˈɛv.ɚ.mɔːɹ/

notes: 在英國和多數英聯邦國家，一般使用for evermore。而在加拿大和美國，則一般使用forevermore。


fumble

etymology_texts:
晚期中古英語，源自低地德語 fommeln或者荷蘭語 fommelen。
或者可能源自某斯堪的纳维亚/北日耳曼語支语言，对比古諾爾斯語 fálma、瑞典語 fumla、丹麥語 fumle、德語 fummeln。
两者最终可能都是表示这一动作的拟声词。或者，源自原始印歐語 *pal- (“摇”)，参见拉丁語 palpo (“轻触”)，及原始西日耳曼語 *fōlijan (“感受”)。

glosses: 摸索，笨拙地擺弄，慌張地擺弄

text: Waiting for the interview, he fumbled with his tie.

translation: 等着面试时他在慌张地摆弄他的领带。

text: He fumbled the key into the lock.

translation: 他慌慌张张地把钥匙插到锁里。

text: He fumbled for his keys.

translation: 他在翻他的钥匙。

text: He fumbled his way to the light-switch.

translation: 他摸黑找电灯开关。

text: to fumble for an excuse

translation: 慌慌张张地找借口

text: My understanding stutters, and my memory fumbles.

ref: 1711年 8月12日，Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield，letter to Dr. Chevenix：

text: Alas! how he fumbles about the domains.

ref: 1800, Wordsworth, Written in Germany on one of the coldest days of the century:

text: He fumbled through his prepared speech.

translation: 他慌慌张张地念那篇准备好的讲稿。

text: Henderson's best strike on goal saw goalkeeper Kingson uncomfortably fumble his measured shot around the post.

ref: 2010年 12月28日，Owen Phillips，「Sunderland 0 - 2 Blackpool」，收錄於 BBC：

text: I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers.

ref: 1599，William Shakespeare，「The Life of Henry the Fift」，收錄於 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […]（First Folio），London： […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act II, scene iii]」：

forms:
famble (alternative)
fimble (alternative)
fumbles (third-person singular present)
fumbling (present participle)
fumbled (past participle)

ipa: /ˈfʌmbəl/

rhymes: -ʌmbəl

grubble

sense: 乱找

word: Thesaurus:feel around


fumble

forms:
famble (alternative)
fimble (alternative)
fumbles (plural)


fumble

glosses: 一種類似奶油伴水果和奶酥之間的甜點


flabbergast

etymology_texts:
不详，可能是一方言词（萨福克郡），源自flabby或flap (“打击”) + aghast。该词可能与苏格兰英語 flabrigast (“夸口”)或flabrigastit (“筋疲力竭”)有关。
名词派生自动词。

glosses: 使...震惊，使...大吃一惊，使...目瞪口呆

text: He was flabbergasted to find that his work had been done for him before he began.

translation: 他发现他的活在他开始做之前就已经做好了的时候目瞪口呆。

text: Her stupidity flabbergasts me, and I have to force myself to keep a straight face while she explains her beliefs.

translation: 她的愚蠢真是惊到我了，她在解释她那些信念的时候我得憋着我的表情。

text: I love to flabbergast the little-minded by shattering their preconceptions about my nationality and gender.

translation: 我特别喜欢粉碎掉那些对我的民族和性别的偏见，让那些心胸狭隘的人大吃一惊。

text: The oddity of the situation was so flabbergasting I couldn’t react in time for anyone to see it.

translation: 反常的势态令我大吃一惊，让我没有时间作出反应让别人看到。

text: Now we are flabbergaſted and bored from morning to night—in the ſenate, at Cox's muſeum, at Ranelagh, and even at church.

ref: 1772, “Observator” [pseudonym], “On New Words; from the Same [Town and Country Magazine]”, in Edmund Burke, editor, The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, volume XV, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1773, →OCLC, page 191, column 1:

text: They flabagast good manners and good morals, and only show that one of the parties is vex'd and disappinted.^([sic])

ref: 1834, Jack Downing [pseudonym; Seba Smith], chapter XXV, in The Life of Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by T. K. Greenbank, →OCLC, page 183:

text: Now, there are assertions, not dissimilar in their power of benumbing and flabbergasting one, but yet within the bounds of sane and perfectly orderly plausibility, for which our language wants a name. Paradox is too hackneyed a term. They ought to be called Buckleisms. When a man makes an assertion clean in the teeth of all previous belief, and makes it coolly, fluently, without proof, and yet as if contradiction were impossible—that is a Buckleism.

ref: 1861 August, [David Masson], “Mr. Buckle’s Doctrine as to the Scotch and Their History”, in David Masson, editor, Macmillan’s Magazine, volume IV, number 22, Cambridge; London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, part II (The Weasel-wars of Scotland and the Scottish Reformation), page 316, column 1:

text: Skates that are not quite a fit, my dear Smith, / May flabberghast even a chap of your pith.

ref: 1887 January 29, “The ‘Emergency-Man’”, in Punch, or The London Charivari, volume XCII, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC, page 54, column 1:

text: At this I was rendered completely flabaghast—for, although the allegation was undeniably correct, I had confidently hoped that my friend Ram was unaware of the fact, or would at least have the ordinary mother-wit to refrain from blurting it out!

ref: 1896 August 22, [F. Anstey] [pseudonym; Thomas Anstey Guthrie], “Jottings and Tittlings. (By Baboo Hurry Bungsho Jabberjee, B.A.) No. XXI. Mr. Jabberjee Halloos before He is Quite Out of the Woods”, in Punch, or The London Charivari, volume CXI, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, →OCLC, pages 88–89, column 2:

text: He [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] loved to flabbergast his associates by announcing some startling new policy without consulting any of them.

ref: 1956, John T[homas] Flynn, “The Rabbits Go Back in the Hat”, in The Roosevelt Myth, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Devin-Adair Publishing Company, →OCLC; reprinted Auburn, Ala.: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2008, →OCLC, book 1 (Trial—and Error), pages 50–51:

text: The idea may surprise you, but I intend that it shall flabbergast the poor foolish Englishmen mured up behind those pine and redwood logs. Flabbergast 'em, I say!

ref: 2008, Harry Turtledove, The United States of Atlantis: A Novel of Alternate History, New York, N.Y.: Roc/New American Library, →ISBN, page 240:

text: Then the most unbelievable thing happened, totally flabbergasting every student in the class.

ref: 2012, Tara M. Tamasi, Ms. O’Brien’s Class, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 226:

date: 自18世纪晚期起

forms:
flabbergasts (third-person singular present)
flabbergasting (present participle)
flabbergasted
flabbergasted (past participle)
flabbergast (past participle)

ipa: /ˈflæbə(ˌ)ɡɑːst/

enpr: flăb′ər-găst'

ipa: /ˈflæbɚˌɡæst/

flabbergaster

sense: 使...震惊，使...大吃一惊，使...目瞪口呆

parts: flab ber gast


flabbergast

text: When I saw my house on fire, the flabbergast overcame me and I just stood and stared, too shocked to comprehend what I was seeing.

translation: 我看到我房子着火的时候，惊讶得呆呆地站在那看着，吃惊得无法理解我看到的景象。

text: His flabbergast was so great he couldn’t even come up with a plausible answer.

translation: 他惊讶得没法组织出合理的回答。

text: Her foibles were flattery, fine feeling, and flabergast; and if not old enough to be his mother, sufficiently so to be a young aunt.

ref: 1852 October, “Adventures of Tom Honeycomb—No. I”, in Yankee Notions, volume 2, number 10, New York, N.Y.: Published by T. W. Strong, […], →OCLC, page 297:

text: Then quit your flabbergast, and talk in plain English.

ref: 1868 February 22, Oliver Optic [pseudonym; William Taylor Adams], “Freaks of Fortune; or, Half Round the World”, in Oliver Optic, editor, Oliver Optic’s Magazine. Our Boys and Girls, volume III, number 60, Boston, Mass.: Published by Lee and Shepard, […], →OCLC, chapter XVI (Pistols for Two), page 117, column 2:

text: Bob's big-eyed flabbergast struck him as comic and he laughed and said, "Lying sack, hey?"

ref: 1998, James Carlos Blake, Red Grass River: A Legend, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN; 1st Perennial edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper Perennial, 2000, →ISBN, page 52:

forms: flabbergasts (plural)

dork

sense: 呆子

astonishment

sense: 震惊，惊讶，吃惊，惊愕


flout

etymology_texts: 可能是源自中古英語 flouten (“吹笛子”)，对比荷蘭語 fluiten。

glosses: 嘲笑，轻视，违抗 （法律，规则等）

text: The manoeuvres of Microsoft and HP appear to comply with the letter of the regulations, even if they flout their spirit.

ref: 2012, The Economist, Sep 29th 2012 issue, Tax alchemy: Tech's avoidance

text: Three gaudy standards flout the pale blue sky.

forms:
flouts (third-person singular present)
flouting (present participle)
flouted (past participle)

ipa: /flaʊt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-flout.wav

ipa: /flʌʊt/

rhymes: -aʊt


flout

glosses: 违抗，触犯，轻视 （法律等）

text: A flout is when someone deliberately and ostentatiously contravenes a maxim.

ref: 2012, John Flowerdew, Discourse in English Language Education (page 97)

forms: flouts (plural)


flout

glosses: flou 的強變化/弱變化主格/賓格中性單數


fumigant

glosses: fūmigō 的第三人稱複數現在時主動態直陳式

forms: fūmigant (canonical)


fatherhood

forms: fatherhoods (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɑ.ðɚˌhʊd/

ipa: /ˈfɑːðəˌhʊd/


flowcharting

glosses: 流程圖製作，流程圖繪製，流程圖表示


fumigator

glosses: fūmigō 的第二人稱/第三人稱單數將來時被動態命令式

forms: fūmigātor (canonical)


fun

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示福尼歐語。


Funchal

etymology_texts: 源自葡萄牙語 Funchal。


Funchal

glosses: 豐沙爾（馬德拉群島首府）

ipa: /fũˈʃaɫ/

audio: Pt-pt Funchal FF.ogg

homophone: funchal


flowerpot

text: Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with (by way of local colour) on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust from which gnarled and rusty stalks thrust themselves up like withered elfin limbs.

ref: 1914，Louis Joseph Vance，「Anarchy」，收錄於 Nobody，New York, N.Y.：George H[enry] Doran Company，1915 出版，→OCLC，33頁：

forms: flowerpots (plural)

ipa: /ˈflaʊɚˌpɑt/

ipa: /ˈflaʊəˌpɒt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-flowerpot.wav


fatso

forms:
fatsos (plural)
fatsoes (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fatso.wav

word: Thesaurus:fat person


fundamental

glosses:
adj. 基础的，基本的，根本的==葡萄牙語==
基础的


fatty

forms:
fattier (comparative)
fattiest (superlative)

rhymes: -æti


fatuous

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 fatuus (“愚蠢的”)。

text: A fatuous love affair can easily result in a fatuous marriage. A couple who hardly know each other and, indeed, may not even really like each other, make a commitment that has little chance of being honoured.

ref: 2004, Frank Tallis, Love Sick: Love as a Mental Illness, page 46:

text: While much publicity is given to fatuous 'reversing Beeching' ideas, the reality is that the real investment is focused on expanding the road network - [...].

ref: 2020 December 2, Christian Wolmar, “Wales offers us glimpse of an integrated transport policy”, in Rail, page 56:

forms:
more fatuous (comparative)
most fatuous (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fatuous.wav

childish

sense: 愚蠢