countess

etymology_texts: 源自盎格魯-諾曼語 cuntesse、古法語 contesse，源自拉丁語 comitessa，等价于count + -ess。英語 contessa 的同源對似詞。

text: Elizabeth Millicent Leveson-Gower is 24th Countess of Sutherland; her son will be the 25th Earl.

forms:
Countess (alternative)
countesses (plural)

ipa: /ˈkaʊntɪs/

earless

sense: 伯爵夫人、女伯爵


compressible

pos: adj

glosses: adj. 可压缩的，可压紧的


comprised

pos: verb

pos_title: 動詞

glosses: comprise 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

ipa: /kəmˈpɹaɪzd/

rhymes: -aɪzd


coupe

pos: noun

pos_title: 名词

glosses: 切面，剖面，切面图，剖面图，纸牌游戏中的切牌，倒牌

glosses: 浅口酒杯，大口酒杯，杯中酒

glosses: 切割，砍，轮廓，剖面，裁剪，分段，高脚杯

ipa: /kup/


couplet

glosses: n.m. （歌曲主题的）段；〈俗〉老生常谈，陈词滥调


coupon

glosses: n.m. 布料零头；副券，联票；债券等的息票


courage

forms: courages (plural)

ipa: /ˈkʌɹɪdʒ/

ipa: /ˈkɝɪdʒ/


courage

glosses: n.m. 勇敢，勇气，胆量；热忱，干劲，愿望

text: C~! 振作起来!


courageous

pos_title: 形容詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 corajous，來自古法語 corageus，來自corage + -eus。

glosses: 勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

text: the most courageous person I have ever met

translation: 我见过的最勇敢的人

text: In 1979, following Jimmy Carter’s unexpected and unreasonable decision to transfer diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act to preserve our relationship with this courageous nation. We believed that it was vital for our allies and for those who were not our allies to know that the United States would not abandon its friends.

translation: 1979年，在吉米·卡出人意料且不合理地决定将外交承认从台北转至北京之后，国会通过了《台湾关系法》，以维护我们与这个勇敢国家的关系。我们认为，让我们的盟友和非盟友了解美国不会抛弃朋友至关重要。

ref: 2005，Jesse Helms，「Foreign Relations Experiences」，收錄於 Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir，New York：Random House，→ISBN，→LCCN，→OCLC，228–229頁：

text: a courageous deed

translation: 勇敢的行为

forms:
more courageous (comparative)
most courageous (superlative)

ipa: /kəˈɹeɪd͡ʒəs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-courageous.wav

rhymes: -eɪdʒəs

bold

sense: 勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

brave

sense: 勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

hardy

sense: 勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

valorous

sense: 勇敢的，有膽量的，有勇氣的

bold

sense: 需要勇敢的行動


compulsion

pos_title: 名詞

forms: compulsions (plural)

enpr: kəm-pŭl'shən

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-compulsion.wav


course

glosses: n.f. 跑，奔跑；［体］赛跑，赛车，自行车赛，赛马；事情，活动，奔走；跑腿；（出租车载客的）行程；（登山）路线，路程；［机］运行，行程，冲程；（空间的）运行，移动；（海上）行劫~s n.f. 购物，购买食品，所购物品；带赌博的赛马

ipa: /kuʁs/


courser

glosses: v.t. 〈俗〉追赶，追逐


courtier

glosses: n. 经纪人，掮客，中间人


courtroom

text: Dave: Livin’ the litigation life, ya gotta catch that courtroom rhythm.

ref: 2022 July 11, Toontown: Corporate Clash Development Team, Backstage Corporate Clash: Cog Building Music:

forms: courtrooms (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-courtroom.wav


couscous

glosses: n.m. 古斯古斯［一种肉、菜、粗麦粉加佐料做的北非菜肴］，粗麦粉


couth

pos_title: 形容词

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 cǒuth (“熟悉的，知道的；显然的，真实的；著名的；文雅的，文质彬彬的”)，源自古英語 cūþ (“熟悉的，知道的；显而易见的；著名的；很好的；友好的；有关的”)，cunnan (“熟悉，知道；知道，了解，会，能够”)的过去分词，源自原始日耳曼語 *kunnaną (“熟悉，知道，分辨；会，能够”)（对比*kunþaz (“知道的，已知的”)），最终源自原始印歐語 *ǵneh₃- (“知道”)。同源词包括荷蘭語 kond (“已知的”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 cut (“已知的”)、哥特語 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs，“已知的”)、冰島語 kuður、kunnur (“已知的”)、拉丁語 gnosco (“知道”)、古高地德語 kund、chund、chunt、中古高地德語 kunt （现代德語 kund (“知道的”)）、古撒克遜語 kūth、cûth、cuð (“为人所知的；著名的”)、低地蘇格蘭語 couth (“熟悉的，知道的”)。且是英語 could 的同源對似詞。

glosses: couthie的变体 宜人的，恰当的，适合的

glosses: couthie的变体 舒适的

text: Squad leaders were responsible for doing periodic checks to make sure soldiers were living a couth lifestyle, as Joes would compete regularly to see whose room was nicer.

ref: 2012, La’Vez Robinson Sr., “Deutschland”, in On My Own: Putting the Past behind Me, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 203:

forms:
more couth (comparative)
most couth (superlative)

ipa: /kuːθ/

ipa: /kuθ/

rhymes: -uːθ

uncouth

sense: 熟悉的，知道的；著名的


couth

etymology_texts: 英語 uncouth 的逆構詞。

glosses: 有教养的，文雅的，礼貌的

text: So Dennis May thrilled me in a recent issue when he described Raymond Mays' 1939 E.R.A. racer as a "couth" little Merc-like model.

ref: 1943, Henry Sturmey, H. Walter Staner, The Autocar: A Journal Published in the Interests of the Mechanically Propelled Road Carriage, volume 88, London: Iliffe, Sons & Sturney, →OCLC, page 632, column 3:

text: Yet the dancers are beautiful, their cool movement has a couth simplicity, and there are moments when a gesture of almost absolute beauty stands transfixed in some transom of sublime comprehension.

ref: 1991, John Percival, editor, Dance and Dancers, London: Dance & Dancers Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 37:

text: [John] Dankworth's care over the shaping and presentation of his music led occasionally to complaints that it was clever, lightweight stuff, lacking the rough passion which many regarded as the mark of authentic jazz, a view summed up by the critic Kitty Grime in the much-quoted phrase "couth, kempt and shevelled".

ref: 2010 February 7, “Sir John Dankworth [obituary]”, in Tony Gallagher, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 Jan 2019:

uncouth

sense: 有教养的，文雅的，礼貌的


couth

etymology_texts: 英語 uncouth 的逆構詞。

text: That man has no couth.

translation: 那个人没礼貌。

text: There is an aspect of the cultural conservative argument that sometimes drifts dangerously close to tha view, elitist to the core, as elitist as the New Class, as elitist as limousine liberalism: The public ain't got no couth. You can hear those old-fashioned elitist wheels spinning: Maybe we need a few government regulations to deal with the couth shortage.

ref: 1995, Ben[jamin] J[oseph] Wattenberg, “Those Darn Cultural Issues”, in Values Matter Most: How Democrats or Republicans or a Third Party Can Win and Renew the American Way of Life, Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, part 2 (What It’s Not), page 107:

text: My daughters have long and inappropriately been members of the Committee to Reform Dad's Hygiene, taking me to task for my supposed lack of couth.

ref: 2004, W[illiam] Bruce Cameron, “How to Increase a Man’s Couth”, in How to Remodel a Man: Tips and Techniques on Accomplishing Something You Know Is Impossible but Want to Try Anyway, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN; republished as How to Remodel a Man: You Know It’s Impossible but You Want to Try Anyway, London: HarperCollins, 2005, →ISBN, page 62:

text: Couth and manners are intensely subjective concepts. Each culture has its own standards of acceptable table manners, for instance.

ref: 2005, Heidi Munan, Culture Shock!: Malaysia: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette (Culture Shock!), Portland, Or.: Graphics Art Center Pub. Co., →ISBN, page 86:

text: You got no couth, Ed. You was raised no-count is what you were. No count and you ain't got a lick of couth.

ref: 2006, Mark Powell, Blood Kin: A Novel, Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, →ISBN, page 97:

text: We transformed the uncouths into couths, the unkempts into kempts, the inerts into erts! We did it all by speaking to teen-agers on their own terms and in their own language.

ref: [1967, Bernice Fitz-Gibbon, Macy’s, Gimbels, and Me: How to Earn $90,000 a Year in Retail Advertising, New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 91:

text: I'm going to hit that "Gulf of Texas" beach with a bundle of couths and suaves because those Texas gals that hang around the big shrimp boats are used to good living.

ref: 1968 November, “C. R. Terror”, in Richard L. Anderson, editor, The MAC Flyer (USAF Recurring Publication; 62-5), volume XV, number 11, Scott Air Force Base, Ill.: Directorate of Safety, Headquarters Military Airlift Command, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28, column 1:

forms: couths (plural)


couth

glosses: 为人所知的，熟悉的；著名的


couture

text: It was the branding of these products, rather than the couture itself, that would become the foundation of the industry, generating huge global sales by the last quarter of the century.

ref: 2007, Cally Blackman, 100 Years of Fashion Illustration, →ISBN, page 166:

forms: coutures (plural)

ipa: /kuːˈtjʊə/

ipa: /kuːˈt͡ʃʊə/

ipa: /kuˈtʊɚ/


couture

etymology_texts: 源自古法語 cousture，源自通俗拉丁語 *cōnsutūra，源自拉丁語 cōnsūtus，源自cōnsuō。


couturier

glosses: n. 裁缝， 时装设计师


covalent

glosses: 共价的，共价键的，共价性的

forms:
more covalent (comparative)
most covalent (superlative)

enpr: kōvā'lənt

ipa: /koʊˈveɪlənt/


comte

etymology_texts: 借自法語 comte。英語 comes、英語 conte和英語 count 的同源對似詞。

forms: comtes (plural)


comte

etymology_texts: 繼承自拉丁語 comitem。对比奧克語 comte、法語 comte。加泰羅尼亞語 còmit 的同源對似詞。

forms:
comtes (plural)
comtessa (feminine)
comtesses (feminine plural)


comte

forms:
comtes (plural)
comtesse (feminine)

ipa: /kɔ̃t/

homophone: compte

roman: contes

كونت

roman: kōnt

قونت

roman: kont


comte

etymology_texts: 源自古奧克語 comte，源自拉丁語 comitem，comes的宾格。

forms:
comtes (plural)
cante (alternative)
conte (alternative)
cunte (alternative)


comte

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 comitem，comes的宾格单数（主格单数cuens或cons源自拉丁语主格comes）。

forms:
comtes
cuens (nominative singular)
comte (nominative plural)


comte

forms:
comtes (oblique plural)
comtes (nominative singular)
comte (nominative plural)


cowardice

forms: cowardices (plural)

enpr: kouʹərdĭs

ipa: /ˈkaʊədɪs/

ipa: /ˈkaʊɚdɪs/


cower

pos_title: 动词

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 couren、cowre，源自中古低地德語 kûren (“潜伏；游荡”)或北日耳曼語支（冰島語 kúra (“打盹”)）。同源词包括德語 kauern (“蹲伏”)、荷蘭語 koeren (“蹲守”)、塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 kutriti (“躺着缩成一团”)、瑞典語 kura (“蜷缩”)。与coward无关，其源自拉丁语。

text: He'd be useless in war. He'd just cower in his bunker until the enemy came in and shot him, or until the war was over.

translation: 打仗的时候他肯定没用，他肯定会缩在地堡里，一直到敌人进来把他枪毙了，或者战争打完。

text: Our dame sits cowering o'er a kitchen fire.

ref: 1700, John Dryden, "The Cock and the Fox", in Fables, Ancient and Modern, published March 1700:

text:
Some sterner virtues o’er the mountain’s breast
May sit, like falcons, cowering on the nest

ref: 1764, Oliver Goldsmith, The Traveller:

glosses: 使...蜷缩；吓住，恐吓...并使其屈服

text: This done, their doubts will vanish, and they will stand confronted by an object lesson which must have the effect either to arouse them to a determination to banish despotism from the land, or cower them into submission and servitude.

ref: 1895, Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industry of Kansas:

text: My spirit will cower them and make them wish they had never risen up against me.

ref: 2007, DJ Birmingham, The Queen's Tale: The Struggle for the Survival of Ireland, page 170:

text: A vicious Mafia threat intended to cower him—but the chief doesn't cower.

ref: 2010, Marilyn Brown Oden, The Dead Saint:

forms:
cowers (third-person singular present)
cowering (present participle)
cowered (past participle)

ipa: /ˈkaʊɚ/

ipa: /ˈkaʊə/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cower.wav


cowgirl

glosses: (多指美國西部的) 放牧的女性，女牛仔、女牧工，牛妞

forms: cowgirls (plural)

dudess

sense: 放牧的女性

cowgirl position

sense: 性姿勢


cowgirl

text: She also cowgirled and hired out to do ranch and timber work.

ref: 1998, Linda M. Hasselstrom, Gaydell Collier, Nancy Curtis, Leaning Into the Wind: Women Write from the Heart of the West

text: Only 250 miles down the road a reclusive beauty named Joann Brebner was living the bucolic life, cowgirling, helping out at her family's remote ranch-based resort.

ref: 2007, American Cowboy (volume 13, number 5, Jan-Feb 2007, page 56)

text: Once recovered I cowgirled him to a torturously slow climax, having him begging for release as I took him to the edge […]

ref: 2016, Angela Goodnight, My Life, My Loves: True, Explicit Autobiography:

forms:
cowgirls (third-person singular present)
cowgirling (present participle)
cowgirled (past participle)


concept

glosses: n.m. 观念，思想；概念


conception

glosses: n.f. 妊娠，受孕，受胎；想像，设想，构思，构想，设计，想法


conceptually

pos: adv

pos_title: 副詞

text: The end of the 20th century and the start of the new millennium have bore witness to a remarkable revolution in the way parasite/host biological interactions can be conceptually designed and experimentally studied.

translation: 20世紀末和新千年伊始，寄生蟲/宿主生物相互作用的概念設計和實驗研究方式發生了重大革命。

ref: 2006年 2月10日，Karl F. Hoffman，Jennifer M. Fitzpatrick，「The Application of DNA Microarrays in the Functional Study of Schisostome/Host Biology」，收錄於 W. Evan Secor，Daniel G. Colley（編），Schistosomiasis，Springer Science & Business Media，→ISBN，101頁：

forms:
more conceptually (comparative)
most conceptually (superlative)

conceptionally

sense: 概念上，觀念上


coy

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 coy，源自古法語 coi，早期形式quei (“安静的”)，源自拉丁語 quiētus (“在休息的”)。英語 quiet 的同源對似詞。

text: The ill-bred miss, the bird-brained Jill, / May simper and be coy at will; / A lady, sir, as you will find, / Keeps counsel, or she speaks her mind, / Means what she says and scorns to fence / And palter with feigned innocence.

ref: 1981, A. D. Hope, “His Coy Mistress to Mr. Marvell”, in A Book of Answers:

forms:
coyer (comparative)
coyest (superlative)

ipa: /kɔɪ/

rhymes: -ɔɪ

homophone: koi


coy

text: Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed, / While I thy amiable cheeks do coy.

ref: c. 1595–1596，William Shakespeare，「A Midsommer Nights Dreame」，收錄於 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies（First Folio），London： […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act IV, scene i]」：

text: For now there are ſprung up a wiſer generation in this kind, who have the Art to coy the fonder ſort into their nets

ref: 1635, Edward Rainbowe, Labour Forbidden, and Commanded. A Sermon Preached at S^(t.) Pauls^([sic]) Church, September 28. 1634., London: Nicholas Vavasour, page 29:

forms:
coys (third-person singular present)
coying (present participle)
coyed (past participle)

decoy

sense: 诱惑，引诱


coy

forms:
coy-coy (plural)
coi (alternative)
quoy (alternative)


coy

etymology_texts: 源自古法語 coi，源自通俗拉丁語 quetus，源自拉丁語 quietus。

forms:
coye (feminine singular)
coys (masculine plural)
coyes (feminine plural)


coy

etymology_texts: 借自荷蘭語 kooi (“铺”)。西班牙語 gavia和西班牙語 cávea 的同源對似詞。

forms:
coyes (plural)
cois (plural)

ipa: /ˈkoi/

ipa: [ˈkoi̯]

rhymes: -oi


concessionnaire

glosses: n. et adj. 享有特许权，特许权所有人；获得专卖权的（人），（某产品在特定区域的）独家经销商


coyote

etymology_texts: 借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。對照欽諾克混合語 ki-o-tī。

text: Near Rio Frio we shot several handsome birds, and saw a cayjotte, or wild dog, which in size nearly approached the wolf.

translation: 在里約弗里奧附近，我們打中了幾隻漂亮的鳥兒，還看到了一條郊狼，或者叫野狗，牠的體型和狼很接近。

ref: 1824，William Bullock，Six Months' Residence and Travels in Mexico [在墨西哥的六個月居住和旅行]，119頁：

glosses: 從拉丁美洲跨越陸地邊界進入美國的非法移民

text: Jorge’s father had pawned his last four goats for $2,000 to help pay for their transit, another loan the family would have to repay at 100 percent interest. The coyote called at 10 p.m. — they would go that night.

translation: 豪尔赫的父亲将他手上的最后四头山羊典当换来了2000美元，以支付他们的交通费用，这是他们一家必须以100%的利息偿还的另一笔贷款。晚上10点，偷渡者打来电话——他们当晚就会出发。

ref: 2020年 7月23日，Abrahm Lustgarten，「The Great Climate Migration [大气候迁徙]」，收錄於 New York Times：

forms:
cayeute (alternative)
cayota (alternative)
cayote (alternative)
coyoto (alternative)
coyotes (plural)

ipa: /kɔɪˈ(j)əʊt(ɪ)/

prairie wolf

sense: 郊狼


coyote

glosses: 以人工方式在上方覆土層（如山坡）挖洞勘探黃金

forms:
cayeute (alternative)
cayota (alternative)
cayote (alternative)
coyoto (alternative)
coyotes (third-person singular present)
coyoteing (present participle)
coyoting (present participle)
coyoted (past participle)


coyote

etymology_texts: 借自英語 coyote，來自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。

forms:
coyotes (plural)
coyootje (diminutive)

rhymes: -oːtə

parts: co yo te


coyote

etymology_texts: 借自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。

forms: coyotes (plural)


coyote

etymology_texts: 非同化借詞，源自英語 coyote，來自西班牙語 coyote，來自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。

rhymes: -ɔte


coyote

etymology_texts: 借自納瓦語族語言，來自原始納瓦語 *koyootl。

glosses: 美洲原住民和麥士蒂索人的混血兒

ipa: /koˈʝote/

ipa: /koˈʃote/

ipa: /koˈʒote/

audio: LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-coyote.wav

rhymes: -ote

pollo

sense: 偷運非法移民

intermediario

sense: 掮客

コヨーテ

roman: koyōte

코요테

roman: koyote

койо́т

roman: kojót


conchie

pos: unknown

glosses: 因良心(宗教) 而逃避兵役者


conciliation

glosses: n.f. 和解，妥协；协调，兼容，（不同文本的）审定，校勘；调解，调停


cracker

forms: crackers (plural)

enpr: krăk'ə(r)

ipa: /ˈkɹækə(ɹ)/

rhymes: -ækə(ɹ)


conclude

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁语 conclūdere (“关上，停止”), conclūdō的现在主动不定式形式。

glosses: 这个故事以一个寓意结束。

glosses: 做出最后决定；得出结论。

glosses: From the evidence, I conclude that this man was murdered.

glosses: 根据证据，我断定这个人是被谋杀的。

glosses: 作出最后的决定或判断；判断；决定。

glosses: 停止，阻碍，限制（常用被动）。

glosses: The defendant is concluded by his own plea.

glosses: A judgment concludes the introduction of further evidence.


conclude

glosses: conclūdō的变格。


conclusion

etymology_texts: 源自古法语 conclusion ,拉丁语 conclusio , concludere (“结束，完成”)的过去分词形式。

glosses: 事物的结束、末尾或最后部分。

glosses: 经过深思熟虑后作出的决定；结论。

glosses: The board has come to the conclusion that the proposed takeover would not be in the interest of our shareholders.

glosses: 董事会得出结论认为，提议的收购不符合股东的利益。

glosses: 在论证或三段论中，作为前提的必然结果而提出的命题。

glosses: 实验或可得出结论的事物。

forms: conclusions (plural)

ipa: /kənˈkluːʒən/

rhymes: -uːʒən


concoct

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 concoctiō (“消化”)，源自con- (“一起”)和coquō (“烹煮”)。

text: to concoct a potion

translation: 调和药水

text: to concoct a new dish

translation: 调配一道新菜

text: Their only regret was, that Mademoiselle Carrara would taste none of the conserves and the pastry they were so busily concocting.

ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 103:

text: Pecan shells make good fuel, and they are used by leather tanners to concoct their foul-smelling compounds, and sometimes we mix them with charcoal in hand-soap to make a really good scrubbing agent

ref: 2007, Cecilia Dart-Thornton, The Well of Tears: Book Two of The Crowthistle Chronicles, Tor Books, →ISBN:

text: to concoct a cunning plan

translation: 制定一个狡猾的计划

text: On the other hand, the finest argument ever concocted, the concentrated wisdom drawn from men and books, will fail to charm, like the hilarity of a dance, or the splendour of a gala, the young, gay girl, whose spirits are exuberant, and whose heart is untouched by care, and who, a dozen years afterwards, would, in calm cheerfulness, listen lovingly, and examine carefully, the pleaded reasons offered to her judgment.

ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 34:

text: He had two beautiful daughters who fell in love with men he approved of and he wanted to give them the most lavish double wedding he could concoct.

ref: 2005, Jean Ferris, Into the Wind: Part One, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 161:

forms:
concocts (third-person singular present)
concocting (present participle)
concocted (past participle)

ipa: /kənˈkɒkt/

ipa: [kʰəŋˈkʰɒkt]

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-concoct.wav

prepare

sense: 混合调制，混合调配

contrive

sense: 谋划，策划，图谋；捏造


craft

glosses: 技巧、手腕、技术、技能、手艺

glosses: 船、飞机、飛船、太空機、探测器這一類的載具。

ipa: /kɹɑːft/

rhymes: -ɑːft

ipa: /kɹæft/


concomitance

glosses: n.f. 相伴，相随，同时发生


concordant

glosses: adj. 一致的，相符的，协调的，符合的


craftsmen

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-craftsmen.wav


concordat

glosses: n.m. 罗马教皇与一国政府间的政教协定


concupiscence

glosses: n.f. 〈书〉贪欲，欲念，色欲，淫欲


concupiscent

glosses: adj. 〈书〉贪欲的，贪婪的，色欲的，淫欲的


crampon

glosses:
n.m. 扣钉，铁钩；防滑鞋钉；[植]攀援茎；
adj.inv. <俗>纠缠不休的（人），磨人的（人），缠人的（人），烦人的（人）


concurrence

text: The time came when they ceased to cry and began to think; by the way, if Georgiana had not, from a concurrence of circumstances, been enabled to eat her breakfast, this operation of the mind could not have been engaged in without further injury, for she was, indeed, weak and exhausted;...

ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 11:

text: This book owes its existence to a concurrence of accidents.

ref: 1862, John Hill Burton, The Book-hunter, etc., Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood & Sons, Advertisement:

forms: concurrences (plural)


concurrence

glosses:
concurrencer 的屈折：
第一人稱/第三人稱單數現在時直陳式/虛擬式

glosses:
concurrencer 的屈折：
第二人稱單數命令式


cran

glosses: n.m. 凹口，切口，缺口，槽口，截口；皮带孔；等，级，格；头发的波浪形；<俗>冷静，镇定，胆量，勇气


concurrent

glosses: n. et adj. 竞争者，竞赛者，比赛者，对手；竞争对手


concussion

text: It is believed that great ringing of bells, in populous cities, hath dissipated pestilent air; which may be from the concussion of the air.

ref: 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

glosses: 以暴力威脅強迫他人交出有價值的東西

forms: concussions (plural)

ipa: /kənˈkʌʃən/

ipa: /kənˈkʌʃn̩/

rhymes: -ʌʃən


concussion

etymology_texts: 古典借詞，源自拉丁語 concussiō。

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-concussion.wav


condemnation

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 condempnacioun，來自拉丁語 condemnātiō, condemnātiōnem。

forms: condemnations (plural)

ipa: /ˌkɒndɛmˈneɪʃən/

ipa: /ˌkɒndəmˈneɪʃən/

ipa: /ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən/

rhymes: -eɪʃən


condescending

text: Quit talking to me in that condescending tone! You always treat me like a child!

translation: 别一副居高临下的语气和我说话！你老是把我当小孩子！

text: As for the IRP, Secretary of State Grant Shapps continues to peddle snake oil, smoke and mirrors. His reaction to near-universal IRP condemnation from politicians, local and national media, and all but a few rail specialists was to dismiss the lot of us (in the condescending and patronising tone we have now come to expect) as "critics and naysayers".

ref: 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

forms:
more condescending (comparative)
most condescending (superlative)

ipa: /ˌkɑndəˈsɛndɪŋ/

rhymes: -ɛndɪŋ

patronizing

sense: 高高在上


condign

forms:
more condign (comparative)
most condign (superlative)

ipa: /kənˈdaɪn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-condign.wav

rhymes: -aɪn


cranky

etymology_texts: 源自crank + -y。对比中古低地德語 krankich (“不太舒服的”)。

text: We had seven canoes, all of them dugouts. One was small, one was cranky, and two were old, waterlogged, and leaky. The other three were good.

ref: 1914, Theodore Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness: The River of Doubt:

glosses: 脾气不好的，易怒的，暴躁的

text: He got home from a long day at work tired and cranky.

translation: 他忙了一天工作回到家，又累心情又差。

glosses: 性情乖僻的，心理有问题的

text: Uncle Esau is as cranky as hell, and a peculiar old duck, but I think he'll like a fine upstanding young man as big as you be.

ref: 1934 December, Robert E. Howard, The Road to Bear Creek, in Action Stories,

glosses: crank (“（指船因货物堆放不恰当或压舱物不足而容易）倾覆的”)之同義詞

text: a cranky vessel

translation: 好像要翻了的轮船

forms:
crankier (comparative)
crankiest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈkɹæŋki/

rhymes: -æŋki

shaky

sense: 有问题的，工作不正常的


condiment

forms: condiments (plural)

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-condiment.wav


crap

glosses: 排泄物(可能具有侵犯性)

ipa: /kɹæp/

rhymes: -æp


crappie

glosses: 北美产的一种美味的淡水鱼


conditioner

glosses: v.t. 1. 决定，规定；这... 的条件：Les deux aspects de la contradiction s'excluent l'un l'autre et se conditionnent mutuallement. 矛盾双方既互相排斥，又互相依赖.； Son retour conditionne mon depart. 我走不走取决于他回不回来.； 2. ［俗］影响：etre conditionne par une propagande 受到一种宣传的影响； 3. 测定（纺织品等的）湿度，测定回潮率； 4. 调节（谷类等到的）温湿度； 5. 调节（车间等的）空气； 6. 包装（商品等）； 7. 使适应，使习惯于环境


condom

glosses: n.m. 男用安全套，避孕套


crasis

forms: crases (plural)

ipa: /ˈkɹeɪsɪs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crasis.wav

rhymes: -eɪsɪs


crass

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 cras、craas，源自古法語 cras，源自拉丁語 crassus (“厚的，肥的，重的”)。英語 grease 的同源對似詞。

glosses: 粗鲁的；愚钝的，麻木不仁的，对别人漠不关心的，不明辨是非的

text: You guys would rather be with someone else who’s equal to your status in life. Tiger Woods, or somebody. I comes across as crass, a Neanderthal, a babbling idiot sometimes. I like to show you that person. I like that person.

ref: 2002, Mike Tyson to the Media:

glosses: 粗糙的，笨拙的，不精致的

text: The Albanians have a world ranking of 58, but even a side of fairly modest talents would surely have taken advantage of the kind of crass mistakes that Scotland made on Friday.

ref: 2018 September 7, Tom English, “Scotland 0-4 Belgium”, in BBC Sport:

text: One may very easily fall into mistakes and errors when one is searching into the hidden causes of things, in the absence of real experiments, and this is easily apparent from the crass error of Cardan; who deems himself to have discovered the distances of the centres of the cosmos and of the earth through a variation of the magnetick iron of 9 degrees.

ref: 1900, William Gilbert, chapter 11, in On the Magnet:

forms:
crasser (comparative)
crassest (superlative)

ipa: /kɹæs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-crass.wav

rhymes: -æs

delicate

sense: 愚钝，麻木不仁


condottiere

glosses: n.m. 意大利的雇佣兵队长；玩命的人，不顾一切冒险的人


conduce

forms:
conduces (third-person singular present)
conducing (present participle)
conduced (past participle)

ipa: /kənˈdjuːs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-conduce.wav

rhymes: -uːs


crawler

glosses: v.i. 游爬泳，游自由泳


crawling

glosses: crawl 的現在時分詞和動名詞

ipa: /ˈkɹɔːlɪŋ/

ipa: /ˈkɹɑlɪŋ/

rhymes: -ɔːlɪŋ


crawling

forms: crawlings (plural)


creative

text: The future belongs to those aware enough to see the system, brave enough to reject it, and creative enough to build something better.

ref: 2025 January 23, Joshua Stylman, The Algorithmic Age:

forms:
more creative (comparative)
most creative (superlative)

ipa: /kɹiˈeɪtɪv/

rhymes: -eɪtɪv


creativity

forms: creativities (plural)

ipa: /kɹieɪˈtɪvɪti/

ipa: /kɹieɪˈtɪvəti/

parts: cre at iv ity


credo

glosses: n.m.inv. [期]信经；[天主]信经祈祷，信经乐；信条


Cree

pos: name

pos_title: 專有名詞

etymology_texts: 音譯自加拿大法語 Cris，Christinaux的簡稱，來自早期阿爾岡昆語 Kirishtinó或克里語 Kenisteniwuik。

ipa: /kɹiː/

rhymes: -iː

Craís

raw_tags: 以類比或添加詞素等方式重塑


Cree

forms:
Crees (plural)
Cree (plural)

Craíoch

raw_tags: 以類比或添加詞素等方式重塑


Cree

glosses: 位於蘇格蘭鄧弗里斯-加洛韋議會地區的河，流入索爾韋灣和愛爾蘭海。


D

pos: symbol

pos_title: 符号

glosses: 氘（氢的同位素）的元素符号


D

glosses: 中国大陆的动车拼音简写，读作“动车”


dacapo

glosses: [[[音乐] 再从头开始]]


dacron

glosses: 【商標】抗皱坚固的聚酯纺织纤维的品牌


dah

text: dah yooʼááł

translation: 他举起了它

text: dah diilwod

translation: 他从跑步开始

ipa: /tɑ̀h/

bikááʼdahʼasdáhí

sense: 椅子，凳子

dah alzhin

sense: 點；秒（計時）

dah azką́

sense: 方山，桌状山

dah díníilghaazh

sense: 煎餅

dah iistłʼǫ́

sense: 織布機

dah naʼatʼaʼí

sense: 旗

dah woozh

sense: 草莓


daimon

etymology_texts: 古希臘語 δαίμων (daímōn，“dispenser, tutelary deity”) 的現代羅馬化，以將其古希臘意義與後來的概念 英語 demons 區分開來。

glosses: demon之同義詞，特別是：

glosses: demon之同義詞，特別是： 守護一個人或一個地方的神祇

text: All at once, my daimōn—that other Me over whom I button my waistcoat when I button it over my own person—put it into my head to look up the story of Madame Saqui.

ref: 1890 January, Oliver Wendell Holmes [Sr.], “Over the Teacups”, in The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume LXV, number CCCLXXXVII, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, Cambridge, →OCLC, page 121:

text: The object which first appears is adopted as the personal mystery, guardian spirit, or tutelary daimon of the entranced, and is never mentioned by him without first making a sacrifice.

ref: 1891, W[alter] J[ames] Hoffman, The Mide’wiwin or “Grand Medicine Society” of the Ojibwa, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 163:

text: Marcus Aurelius is persuaded that God gives every man a special daimon as his guide – a belief which reappears in the Christian guardian angel.

ref: 1945, Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy: And its Connection with Political and Social Circumstances from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →OCLC, book I, chapter 27:

text: He will release his pent-up rage and fear no evil, for his genius is with him, and his daimon bids him violate all the taboos of the literary marketplace.

ref: 1960, Charles I. Glicksberg, “Norman Mailer: The Angry Young Novelist in America”, in Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature, volume 1, number 1, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →OCLC:

forms:
daimons (plural)
daimones (plural)

ipa: /ˈdʌɪməʊn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-daimon.wav

ipa: /ˈdaɪˌmoʊn/

parts: dai mon


dak

pos_title: 符號

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示達科他語。


dak

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始蒙達語 *daˀk，源自原始南亞語 *ɗaːk。


deacidify

forms:
deacidifies (third-person singular present)
deacidifying (present participle)
deacidified (past participle)

ipa: /ˌdiːəˈsɪdɪfaɪ/


Dalian

pos_title: 专有名词

glosses: 大連（中國遼寧的副省級市）。


Dalian

glosses: 萨尔瓦多·达利（西班牙超现实主义画家）的；和萨尔瓦多·达利有关的。

forms:
more Dalian (comparative)
most Dalian (superlative)


Dalian

glosses: 大連（中國遼寧的副省級市）。


dallas

glosses: daller的变格形式。

homophone: dalla

roman: dallât


dammar

glosses: damma 的現在時直陳式


damnify

forms:
damnifies (third-person singular present)
damnifying (present participle)
damnified (past participle)

ipa: /ˈdæmnɪfaɪ/


deadlock

forms: deadlocks (plural)

ipa: /ˈdɛdlɒk/

ipa: /ˈdɛdlɑk/


damosel

glosses: damsel的已棄用拼寫

forms: damosels (plural)


deadpan

text: a deadpan face or look

translation: 没有表情的脸

text: deadpan behaviour or speech

text: The comedian remained deadpan.

translation: 喜剧演员仍旧面无表情。

forms:
dead-pan (alternative)
dead pan (alternative)
more deadpan (comparative)
most deadpan (superlative)

ipa: /ˈdɛdpæn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deadpan.wav


deadpan

pos_title: 副词

text: A city-hired consultant from a firm called Urban Futures was booed repeatedly by the agitated homeowners as he talked deadpan, in bureaucratese, about his firm's "evidentiary record" pointing to blight in the neighborhood.

ref: 2004, Steven Greenhut, Abuse of Power: How the Government Misuses Eminent Domain, page 46:


deadpan

text: MAREK: But really the deadpan is key. You can essentially trick people into laughing at nothing.

ref: 2007, Meredith Gran, Octopus Pie #71: Deadpan:

forms:
dead-pan (alternative)
dead pan (alternative)


deadpan

text: Kidd deadpanned it, stared glassily back at Maitland.

ref: 2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 496:

forms:
dead-pan (alternative)
dead pan (alternative)
deadpans (third-person singular present)
deadpanning (present participle)
deadpanned (past participle)


dampen

ipa: /ˈdæmpən/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dampen.wav


deaeration

forms: deaerations (plural)

ipa: /diːeəˈɹeɪʃən/


damsel

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 dameisele，源自古法語 damoisele，源自通俗拉丁語 *domnicella，古典拉丁語 domina (“女士”)的指小词，源自dominus，源自*demh₂-。英語 demoiselle、英語 doncella和英語 donzella 的同源對似詞。

forms:
damoisel (alternative)
damoiselle (alternative)
damosel (alternative)
damozel (archaic alternative)
damsels (plural)

ipa: /ˈdæmzəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-damsel.wav

chattering damsel

sense: 磨坊的钟锤


dealership

text: I visited the car dealership today.

translation: 我今天参观了汽车经销店。

forms: dealerships (plural)

ipa: /ˈdiːləʃɪp/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dealership.wav


dean

glosses: 大教堂或大学附属教会的司祭长; 副主教; 院长; 训导长

forms: deans (plural)

ipa: /diːn/

rhymes: -iːn

homophone: dene


deathbed

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 dethbed，源自古英語 dēaþbedd (“死时卧的床；坟墓”)，等价于death + bed。与瑞典語 dödsbädd (“死时卧的床”)同源。亦对比荷蘭語 sterfbed (“死时卧的床”)、德語 Sterbebett和Totenbett（均指“死时卧的床”）、丹麥語 dødsleje (“死时卧的床”)。

text: He was once on his way to an old woman, who was on her death-bed and who had led a wicked life.

ref: 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 254:

forms:
death-bed (alternative)
death bed (alternative)
deathbeds (plural)

ipa: /ˈdɛθˌbɛd/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deathbed.wav


deb

forms:
deba (genitive singular)
debs (nominative plural)


debilitate

etymology_texts: 拉丁語 debilitatus，debilitare (“使...变弱”)的过去分词，源自形容词debilis (“弱的”)，源自de- + habilis (“能够...的”)。

glosses: 使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

text: The American Dream suffered a debilitating effect after the subprime crisis.

translation: 美国梦在次贷危机后经历了一次衰落。

text: Twice, they found themselves behind, seemingly on their way out, and on both occasions they absolutely refused to let their lack of numbers debilitate them.

ref: 2015 March 12, Daniel Taylor, “Chelsea out of Champions League after Thiago Silva sends 10-man PSG through on away goals”, in The Guardian (London):

forms:
debilitates (third-person singular present)
debilitating (present participle)
debilitated (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-debilitate.wav

ipa: /dəˈbɪləteɪt/

enervate

sense: 使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

enfeeble

sense: 使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化

weaken

sense: 使...变弱，使...衰弱，弱化


debilitate

glosses:
debilitare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數現在時直陳式

glosses:
debilitare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數命令式


debilitate

glosses: dēbilitō 的第二人稱複數現在時主動態命令式

forms: dēbilitāte (canonical)


debilitate

etymology_texts: 源自法語 débilité

forms: debilități (plural)


debonair

etymology_texts: 古法語 debonaire，源自短语de bon aire (“属于好的家族的，贵族的”)。

glosses: 客气的，殷勤的，有礼貌的

text: Let be that Ladie debonaire, / Thou recreant knight, and soone thy selfe prepaire / To battell […]。

ref: 1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，「Book II, Canto VI」，收錄於 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London： […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie，→OCLC：

text: She was a New York City person. Sacco is nervy and sassy and sort of debonair.

ref: 2015 February 12, Jon Ronson, “How One Stupid Tweet Blew Up Justine Sacco’s Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

glosses: 有魅力的，潇洒的，自信的，精心打扮的

forms:
debonaire (alternative)
debonnaire (alternative)
more debonair (comparative)
most debonair (superlative)

ipa: /dɛbəˈneə(ɹ)/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-debonair.wav

enpr: děb-ə-nɛr'

ipa: /dɛbəˈnɛɹ/


debonair

forms:
debonaire (alternative)
debonnaire (alternative)


Dartmoor

glosses: 达特穆尔，英格兰德文郡的一个国家公园。

forms: Dartmoo (canonical)

ipa: /ˈdɑːtmɔː(ɹ)/


deleted

glosses: delete 的過去式和過去分詞


Debrecen

glosses: 德布勒森（位於匈牙利的城市）


Debrecen

glosses: 德布勒森（位於匈牙利的城市）


Debrecen

glosses: 德布勒森（位於匈牙利的城市）

ipa: [ˈdɛbrɛt͡sɛn]

rhymes: -ɛn

parts: Deb re cen


debride

etymology_texts: 借自法語 débrider (“解脫，放開韁繩”)。

forms:
debreed (alternative)
debrides (third-person singular present)
debriding (present participle)
debrided (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈbɹiːd/

ipa: /diːˈbɹiːd/


dashboard

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]儀表板
* [简:自由软体]仪表盘
* 正體: 儀表板[電子計算機]


dastard

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 dastard (“愚人”)，可能由*dast得来，其为从古諾爾斯語 dæstr (“喘不过气的”) + -ard衍生而来的一个词干。 对比冰島語 dasaður (“筋疲力尽的”)，方言瑞典語 däst (“劳累的”)、中古荷蘭語 dasaert、daasaardt (“傻子”)、英語 dazed (“发呆的”)。

text: I thought ye would never have given out these arms till you had recovered your ancient freedom: but you are all recreants and dastards, and delight to live in slavery to the nobility.

ref: c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act IV, Scene 8,

text: The dastard, that did heare him selfe defyde, / Seem'd not to weigh his threatfull words at all, / But laught them out, as if his greater pryde, / Did scorne the challenge of so base a thrall: Or had not courage, or else had no gall.

ref: 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book VI, Canto Three, Stanza 36, in The Faerie Queene, Book Six and the Mutabilitie Cantos, edited by Andrew Hadfield and Abraham Stoll, Hackett, 2007, p. 49,

text: My client, an innately bashful man, would be the last man in the world to do anything ungentlemanly which injured modesty could object to or cast a stone at a girl who took the wrong turning when some dastard, responsible for her condition, had worked his own sweet will on her.

ref: 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses, Penguin, 1992, p. 590,

forms: dastards (plural)

ipa: /ˈdɑːstəd/

ipa: /ˈdæstəd/

ipa: /ˈdæstɚd/

rhymes: -ɑːstəd

rhymes: -æstə(ɹ)d


dastard

text: To get a snatch, when turned is his face.

ref: 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book III, Canto One, Stanza 22, in The Faerie Queene, Books Three and Four, edited by Dorothy Stephens, Hackett, 2006, p. 13,

text:
Now dragg'd once more beyond the western main,
To groan beneath some dastard planter’s chain;
Where my poor countrymen in bondage wait
The long enfranchisement of ling’ring fate:

ref: 1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 5, in The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano:

text: Observe, too, that this is all a modern affair; belongs not to the old heroic times, but to these dastard new times. ‘Happiness our being’s end and aim’ is at bottom, if we will count well, not yet two centuries old in the world.

ref: 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. IV, Happy

forms:
more dastard (comparative)
most dastard (superlative)


dastard

text: Would my short life had yet a shorter date! / I'm weary of this flesh which holds us here, / And dastards manly souls with hope and fear; / These heats and colds still in our breast make war, / Agues and fevers all our passions are.

ref: 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, or the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, being the Sequel of The Indian Queen, Act II, Scene 1, http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12166/pg12166-images.html

forms:
dastards (third-person singular present)
dastarding (present participle)
dastarded (past participle)


dastardly

forms:
dastardlier (comparative)
dastardliest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈdɑːstədli/

ipa: /ˈdæstədli/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dastardly.wav

ipa: /ˈdæstɚdli/


database

forms: databases (plural)

ipa: /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/

raw_tags: 英國，愛爾蘭，新西蘭，澳大利亞，美國

ipa: /ˈdætəˌbeɪs/

ipa: /ˈdɑːtəˌbeɪs/

raw_tags: 英國，新西蘭，澳大利亞，南非


database

forms:
databases (third-person singular present)
databasing (present participle)
databased (past participle)

raw_tags: 英國，愛爾蘭，新西蘭，澳大利亞，美國

raw_tags: 英國，新西蘭，澳大利亞，南非


decadent

etymology_texts: 源自法語 décadent，逆构自décadence（参见-ent），源自中世紀拉丁語 dēcadentia，源自晚期拉丁語 dēcadēns，dēcadō、dēcidō (“衰落”)的过去分词，源自拉丁語 dē- + cadō (“跌落”)。

text: As societies grow decadent, the language grows decadent, too. Words are used to disguise, not to illuminate, action: you liberate a city by destroying it. Words are to confuse, so that at election time people will solemnly vote against their own interests.

ref: 1992, Gore Vidal, The Decline and Fall of the American Empire:

text: Surgery in an opera? How wonderfully decadent! And just as I was beginning to lose interest!

ref: 2003, Hedonismbot in the Futurama episode "The Devil's Hands Are Idle Playthings"

forms:
décadent (alternative)
more decadent (comparative)
most decadent (superlative)

ipa: /ˈdɛkədənt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-decadent.wav

corrupted

sense: 堕落的，沦丧的，颓废的

epicurean

sense: 骄奢淫逸的


decadent

forms:
décadent (alternative)
decadents (plural)


decadent

etymology_texts: 借自晚期拉丁語 dēcadentem。

forms: decadents (masculine feminine plural)

audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-decadent.wav


decadent

forms:
decadentă (feminine singular)
decadenți (masculine plural)
decadente


decaffeinate

forms:
decaffeinates (third-person singular present)
decaffeinating (present participle)
decaffeinated (past participle)

ipa: /diːˈkæfiːneɪt/


decaffeinate

glosses:
decaffeinare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數現在時直陳式

glosses:
decaffeinare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數命令式


dateable

glosses: [[可确定时代[年代] 的]]


dateline

glosses: 日期栏，在新闻的开头用于表示报道者的地点和时间。

glosses: 日期栏，在新闻的开头用于表示报道者的地点和时间。

glosses: BEIRUT, Lebanon, June 2 — The outlook was uncertain today as ...

forms: datelines (plural)


decal

text: But your flag decal won't get you Into Heaven any more. / They're already overcrowded From your dirty little war.

ref: 1971，John Prine，「Your Flag Decal Won't Get You Into Heaven Anymore」，收錄於 John Prine：

forms: decals (plural)

ipa: /ˈdiːkæl/

ipa: /dɪˈkæl/

ipa: /ˈdɛkəl/


decal

forms:
decals (third-person singular present)
decaling
decalling
decaled
decalled


delitescent

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 delitescens，delitescere (“躲藏，隱藏”) 的現在分詞。

forms:
more delitescent (comparative)
most delitescent (superlative)

rhymes: -ɛsənt


delitescent

glosses: dēlitēscō 的第三人稱複數將來時主動態直陳式

forms: dēlitēscent (canonical)


delitescent

glosses: 吸收液體後會自行分解成粉末的

forms:
delitescentă (feminine singular)
delitescenți (masculine plural)
delitescente


deliver

etymology_texts: 來自中古英語 deliveren，來自盎格魯-諾曼語和古法語 delivrer，來自拉丁語 dē + līberō (“使自由”)。

text: deliver a captive from the prison

translation: 從監獄解救俘虜

glosses: 與出生有關 接生

text: the doctor delivered the baby

translation: 醫生接生下那名嬰兒

glosses: 與出生有關 替產婦接生

text: the duchess was delivered of a son

translation: 公爵夫人產下一子

text: the doctor is expected to deliver her of a daughter tomorrow

translation: 醫生明天要給她接生下女兒

text: Sche was delivered sauf and sone

ref: c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:

glosses: 與出生有關 產下

text: she delivered a baby boy yesterday

translation: 她昨天產下一子

text: Tully was long ere he could be delivered of a few verses, and those poor ones.

ref: 1622, Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman

text: deliver a package;  deliver the mail

translation: 寄送包裹；寄送郵件

text: Mr. Cooke had had a sloop yacht built at Far Harbor, the completion of which had been delayed, and which was but just delivered.

ref: 1897年12月 (標示為1898年)，温斯顿·丘吉尔，第X章，收錄於 The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約：The Macmillan Company；倫敦：麥米倫出版公司，→OCLC：

glosses: 引渡，繳（槍械、毒品等）

text: deliver the thief to the police

translation: 把小偷扭送警局

text: Thou shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand.

translation: 你仍要遞杯在法老的手中。

ref: 1611，The Holy Bible, […]（King James Version），London： […] Robert Barker, […]，→OCLC，「Genesis 40:13」：

text: The constables have delivered her over.

ref: c. 1596–1599，William Shakespeare，「The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]」，收錄於 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies（First Folio），London：Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act V, scene iv]」：

text: The exalted mind / All sense of woe delivers to the wind.

ref: 1725，Homer，[Elijah Fenton], transl.，「Book IV」，收錄於 The Odyssey of Homer. […]，第I卷，London： […] Bernard Lintot，→OCLC：

text: "You know, he plays great sometimes when he doesn't score," Brown said. "Tonight, with Rip (Richard Hamilton) struggling, we needed somebody to step up, and he really did. He really delivered."

ref: 2004, Detroit News, Detroit Pistons: Champions at Work (page 86)

text: However, ministers argue they are delivering the Brexit demanded by the electorate – and say it is time for businesses to wean themselves off cheap migrant labour.

ref: 2020 February 18, “UK to close door to non-English speakers and unskilled workers”, in The Guardian:

text: The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

ref: 1897年12月 (標示為1898年)，温斯顿·丘吉尔，第I章，收錄於 The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約：The Macmillan Company；倫敦：麥米倫出版公司，→OCLC：

text: It’s a lovely sequence cut too short because the show seems afraid to give itself over to romance and whimsy and wistfulness when it has wedgie jokes to deliver.

ref: 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

text: England went into the interval 22-6 down, a second [Owen] Farrell penalty their only response to Scotland’s burst of tries. They had not conceded more points in a Six Nations match in the Eddie Jones era and when the whistle blew for the interval, Dylan Hartley formed his players into a circle to deliver a rallying cry.

ref: 2018年 2月24日，Paul Rees，「Finn Russell masterminds historic Scotland victory over England」，收錄於 The Guardian，London，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2018年4月22日：

text: deliver a speech

translation: 作演講

text: to deliver a blow

translation: 給予打擊

text: shaking his head and delivering some show of tears

translation: The New Arcadia

ref: a. 1587，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，「(please specify the page number)」，收錄於 Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio（編），The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London： […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie，1590 出版，→OCLC；republished in Albert Feuillerat（編），The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia（Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney；I），Cambridge, Cambridgeshire：University Press，1912，→OCLC：

text: An uninstructed bowler […] thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straight forward.

ref: 1822，[Walter Scott]，Peveril of the Peak. […]，(please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV)卷，Edinburgh： […] Archibald Constable and Co.；London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co.，→OCLC：

text: I'll deliver myself your loyal servant.

translation: 我愿意呈献我自己做你们的忠仆。

ref: c. 1608–1609，William Shakespeare，「The Tragedy of Coriolanus」，收錄於 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies（First Folio），London： […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act V, scene vi]」：

forms:
delivre (alternative)
delivers (third-person singular present)
delivering (present participle)
delivered (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈlɪvə(ɹ)/

ipa: /dɪˈlɪvɚ/

rhymes: -ɪvə(ɹ)

free

sense: 解救；拯救

free

sense: 解救

utter

sense: 傳送

come through

sense: 兌現

parts: de liv er


decalso

glosses: 合成硅铝酸盐无机离子交换剂


decampment

forms: decampments (plural)

ipa: /diːˈkæmpmənt/


decane

glosses: decānus 的呼格單數

forms: decāne (canonical)


daunt

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 daunten，源自古法語 danter，源自拉丁語 domitō (“驯服”，动词)，拉丁語 domō (“驯服，征服”，动词)的反复态，源自原始意大利語 *domaō，源自原始印歐語 *demh₂- (“驯”)。英語 dompt 的同源對似詞。

glosses: 吓倒，使...气馁，威吓

text: Death I'll meet, my soul no terrors daunting, / Take the life for which thy heart is panting, / Spare not thou, though he spare, his life granting, / Or let death end us both at a blow.

ref: [1865?], Eugène Scribe, translated by Charles Lamb Kenney, L’Africaine. An Opera in Five Acts, […] The Music by Giacomo Meyerbeer. Translated into English […], London: Published and sold by Chappell & Co., […], Boosey & Co., […], →OCLC, Act III, page 34:

text: No, I shall not disgrace the Cause, I shall not grieve my comrades by weak surrender! I will fight and struggle, and not be daunted by threat or torture.

ref: 1912, Alexander Berkman, chapter 17, in Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist:

text: Ah, I have changed, I do not know / Why lonely hours affect me so. / In days of yore, this were not wont, / No loneliness my soul could daunt.

ref: 1913, Paul Laurence Dunbar, “A Lost Dream”, in The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar:

forms:
daunts (third-person singular present)
daunting (present participle)
daunted (past participle)

ipa: /dɔːnt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-daunt.wav

ipa: /dɑːnt/

ipa: /dɔnt/

ipa: /dɑnt/

rhymes: -ɔːnt

rhymes: -ɑːnt


daunting

glosses: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

text: Deathes daunting dart where so his buffet lights, / Shall shape no change within my friendly corse: / But dead or liue, in heauen, in earth, in hell, / I wilbe thine where so my carkase dwell.

ref: a. 1530, George Gascoigne, “The Frute of Reconciliation, Written vppon a Reconciliation betwene Two Freendes”, in The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper; […] In Twenty-one Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson [et al.], published 1810, →OCLC, page 528, column 2:

text: As for his menacing and daunting threats / I nill regard him nor his Daniſh power: / For if he come to fetch her forth my Realme, / I will prouide him ſuch a banquet here.

ref: c. 1590, probably Anthony Munday or Robert Wilson, A Pleasant Comedie of Faire Em, the Millers Daughter of Manchester: With the Loue of William the Conqueror. […] (Second Quarto), London: Printed for Iohn Wright, […], published 1631, →OCLC:

text: Temp[est]. [...] Emily is for ever giggling. / Sir D[avid] D[aw]. She is not singular in that: go where I will, they giggle; that is rather daunting, you must think.

ref: 1795 February 28 (first performance), Richard Cumberland, “The Wheel of Fortune; a Comedy, in Five Acts; […]”, in The British Theatre; or, A Collection of Plays, which are Acted at the Theatres Royal, Drury-Lane, Covent-Garden, and Haymarket. […] In Twenty-five Volumes, volume XVIII, London: Printed [by Savage and Easingwood] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], published 1808, →OCLC, act II, scene i, page 24:

text: Instead of a single tap, [...] it became a hurried knocking, moving round the room behind the wainscot as if in search of something. I could have sworn that Someone or Something was feeling its way along. The daunting sounds arrived at the middle of the wall opposite the foot of the great bed, and became stationary.

ref: 1906 January, Allen Upward, “The Ghost Hunters”, in The Royal Magazine, volume XV, number 87, London: C[yril] Arthur Pearson Ltd, […], →OCLC, chapter II (The Tapping on the Wainscot), page 266, column 2:

text: Curiously, though we are exceedingly frank talkers in the United States on what may be called the static aspects of sex life—physiology hygiene and economics, all its experiential love is hedged about with conventional inhibitions, the most daunting of which is the convention that bars reforming intimacies between young men and older women.

ref: 1923 December, John F. W. Meagher, “Sexology. Sex in American Literature.”, in The Urologic and Cutaneous Review, volume 27, number 12, St. Louis, Mo.: Urologic and Cutaneous Press, →OCLC, page 777, column 1:

text: [W]iſdome, much more all the excellencies of this Spirit) makes a mans face to ſhine; as the light of a Lanterne puts a luſtre upon the Lanterne, ſo the brightneſſe of theſe ſpirits puts a luſtre upon the men in whom they are. Men of ſuch ſpirts^([sic，意為ſpirits]) as theſe are, have a daunting preſence in the eyes of thoſe who behold them.

ref: 1638，Ier[emiah] Burroughes [i.e., Jeremiah Burroughs]，「Wherein the Excellency of This Gracious Spirit Appeares」，收錄於 The Excellency of a Gracious Spirit. Delivered in a Treatise upon the 14. of Numbers, Verse 24，London：Printed by M[iles] F[lesher] for R[obert] Davvlman, and L[uke] Fawne, […]，→OCLC，103–104頁：

text: She reached it soon after half-past two. She found its gloomy nineteenth-century façade, black with the smuts of ninety years, a little daunting, and mounted its broad steps in some trepidation. But she rang the bell hard and knocked firmly.

ref: 1915, Edgar Jepson, “The Reluctant Duke”, in Happy Pollyooly: The Rich Little Poor Girl, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 135:

text: It was a daunting task, but it was accomplished with some forward planning.

translation: 这是一项很有挑战性的工作，但是事先做好准备了以后还是完成了。

text: A trip of sixteen miles, through dark forests, in which they would not pass a single house, was an exploit sufficiently daunting for two such young and inexperienced boys. Love triumphs over fear and death; and these boys so dearly loved their father, that nothing was formidable to them, which they could do for him.

ref: 1829, [Timothy Flint], chapter III, in George Mason, the Young Backwoodsman; or ‘Don’t Give Up the Ship.’ A Story of the Mississippi, Boston, Mass.: Hilliard, Gray, Little, and Wilkins, →OCLC, page 41:

text: But there are tens of thousands more in England, young and old, who read even their own tongue only haltingly: to them Latin is as daunting as Magyar is to the rest of us.

ref: 1944 April, Donald Attwater, “In the Beginning was the Word: A Plea for English Words”, in The Dublin Review, volume 214, number 429, London: Burns Oates and Washbourne, →OCLC, page 129:

text: In some ways it's more daunting to write a nonfiction work than fiction because if you write a fictional work, you can keep the reader in suspense as to whether the central figure is a hero or a villain. But if you're writing nonfiction, everyone knows how it turned out, so you have a problem of creating drama and suspense.

ref: 1993 January–February, Daniel J[oseph] Boorstin (interviewee), Lynne V[incent] Cheney (interviewer), “A Conversation with Daniel J. Boorstin”, in Mary Lou Beatty, editor, Humanities, volume 14, number 1, Washington, D.C.: National Endowment for the Humanities, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

text: [B]umping up the percentage of the population committed to a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle from the low single digits into the high double digits is going to be a daunting task. [...] When more than 95 percent of the population eats meat, that's a daunting difference.

ref: 2015, Michael Shermer, “A Moral Science of Animal Rights”, in The Moral Arc: How Science and Reason Lead Humanity toward Truth, Justice, and Freedom, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part II (The Moral Arc Applied), page 282:

forms:
more daunting (comparative)
most daunting (superlative)

ipa: /ˈdɔːntɪŋ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-daunting.wav

ipa: /ˈdɔntɪŋ/

rhymes: -ɔːntɪŋ

disconcerting

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

dismaying

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

formidable

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

frightening

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

unnerving

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

unsettling

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

intimidating

sense: 令人惊叹的

formidable

sense: 使人望而却步的，困难的

undaunting

sense: 令人生畏的，吓人的，让人气馁的

parts: daunt ing


daunting

glosses:
daunt 的動名詞。
使人气馁，使人望而却步

text: But stigmatise it as we please there never was a great man without a strong will, and an infusion of self-reliance sufficient to raise him above the dauntings of opposition and reliance on props.

ref: 1849 January, O. T. Dobbin, “John Wesley, and the Principles Developed in His Career”, in John Kitto, editor, The Journal of Sacred Literature, volume III, number V, London: C. Cox, […]; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Dublin: J. Robertson, […], →OCLC, page 38:

glosses:
daunt 的動名詞。
击败，克服，压倒，压垮

text: Then came in two by two, other Troopes, whoſe onſets, and ouer-throwes, honours, and diſgraces, darings, and dauntings, merit an ample Chronicle, rather than an Abſtract; [...]

ref: 1613, Thomas Dekker; Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, compiler and editor, “A Strange Horse-race”, in The Non-dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker. In Five Volumes. […] (The Huth Library), volume III, [London]: Printed [by Hazell, Watson, & Viney] for private circulation only, published 1885, →OCLC, pages 339–340:

forms: dauntings (plural)

taming

sense: daunt 的動名詞。 击败，克服，压倒，压垮

vanquishing

sense: daunt 的動名詞。 击败，克服，压倒，压垮


daunting

glosses: daunt 的現在時分詞和動名詞


delusional

forms:
more delusional (comparative)
most delusional (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈluːʒənəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-delusional.wav


dayak

glosses: 婆罗洲土着的一部族[人]


demagnetizer

forms:
demagnetiser (alternative)
demagnetizers (plural)


demagog

forms:
démagog (canonical)
demagog-demagog (plural)

ipa: [deˈmaɡɔk̚]

parts: dé ma gog


demandant

forms: demandants (plural)

audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-demandant.wav


demandant

pos_title: 分詞

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-demandant.wav

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-demandant.wav


demandant

glosses: dēmandō 的第三人稱複數現在時主動態直陳式

forms: dēmandant (canonical)


demander

forms:
demaunder (obsolete alternative)
demanders (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demander.wav


demander

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古法語 demander，繼承自古法語 demander，繼承自拉丁語 demandāre。

glosses: 問，詢問 [接 à 「某人」]

text: demander autour de soi

translation: 四處打聽

text: J'ai demandé à la lune et le soleil ne le sait pas.

translation: 我問月亮，太陽也不知道。

text: Elle s'est demandé ce qu'elle devait faire.

translation: 她不知道自己該做什麼。

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-demander.wav

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-demander.wav

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-demander.wav

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-demander.wav

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-demander.wav


demander

glosses: dēmandō 的第一人稱單數現在時被動態虛擬式

forms: dēmander (canonical)


demander

etymology_texts: 繼承自拉丁語 demandāre。


deceitful

forms:
more deceitful (comparative)
most deceitful (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈsiːtfʊl/

ipa: /-fl̩/


demarcation

forms: demarcations (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demarcation.wav

rhymes: -eɪʃən


demean

glosses: 贬低身份，有损尊严；降低价值

text: People living in Wuhan didn't worry about being demeaned by wearing a face mask.

translation: 生活在武汉的人们并不担心因为带口罩而被别人贬低。

forms:
demeans (third-person singular present)
demeaning (present participle)
demeaned (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈmiːn/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-demean.wav


demean

forms: demeans (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-demean.wav


demeanor

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 demenure，源自中古英語 demenen, demeinen (“处理”，动词)，源自古法語 demener (“引导”)，源自de- + mener (“引领，引导”)，源自拉丁語 *mināre (“驱动，驱使”)和minor (“丢出，伸出”)。

glosses: 举动，动作，行为 （显现某人特点的身体语言，表情等）

text: The man's demeanor made others suspicious of his intentions.

translation: 那个人的行为让人怀疑起他的目的。

text: A confident demeanor is crucial for persuading others.

translation: 要说服他人就应该有自信的神态。

text: At this present (saith he) certeine princes of Britaine, procuring by ambassadors and dutifull demeanors the amitie of the emperour Augustus, haue offered in the capitoll vnto the gods presents or gifts, and haue ordeined the whole Ile in a manner to be appertinent, proper, and familiar to the Romans.

ref: a. 1587, Raphael Holinshed, quoting Strabo, Historie of England, Book III:

text: Demeanors that are apologetic and overly polite are inherently contradictory to demeanors that exhibit fear and anger.

ref: 1993, “Interrogation: The Kinesics Technique”, in John J. Fay, editor, Encyclopedia of Security Management, →ISBN, page 418:

forms:
demeanour (alternative)
demeanors (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈmiːnə(ɹ)/

ipa: /dɪˈminɚ/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-demeanor.wav

rhymes: -iːnə(ɹ)

parts: de mea nor


demented

etymology_texts: dement的过去分词，源自拉丁語 dēmentāre。

glosses: 精神失常的，心理有问题的

text: So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.

ref: 2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

text: One of these new recruits is Jagger Froid, a demented alien from the Black Hole Galaxy, who dishes out punishment with a laser-sharp tongue.

ref: c. 1990, How to Play Super C (PDF) (instruction manual), Konami, page 4:

text: a demented idea

translation: 愚蠢的想法

forms:
more demented (comparative)
most demented (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈmɛntɪd/


demented

etymology_texts: dement的过去分词，源自拉丁語 dēmentāre。

glosses: dement 的過去式和過去分詞


demerit

forms: demerits (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈmɛɹɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demerit.wav

rhymes: -ɛɹɪt


demesne

forms: demesnes (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈmeɪn/

rhymes: -eɪn

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demesne.wav

parts: de mesne


dechlorinate

forms:
dechlorinates (third-person singular present)
dechlorinating (present participle)
dechlorinated (past participle)

ipa: /diːˈklɔːɹɪneɪt/


dechlorinating

forms:
more dechlorinating (comparative)
most dechlorinating (superlative)

ipa: /diːˈklɔːɹɪneɪtɪŋ(ɡ)/


dechlorination

glosses: 從分子中去除氯原子的反應

forms: dechlorinations (plural)

ipa: /diːklɔːɹɪˈneɪʃən/


demise

etymology_texts: 借自中古法語 démise，démettre的阴性单数过去分词，源自拉丁語 dēmissa，dēmittō的完成时被动分词的阴性单数形式。

text: Earth looked her loveliest to receive my sweet sister's gentle dust; but all was harsh and sullen as her own nature when Lady Avonleigh's haughty ashes returned to their original element. Immediately after her demise, her son went abroad, and I accompanied him.

ref: 1834, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Francesca Carrara, volume 2, page 124:

text: The lack of funding ultimately led to the project's demise.

translation: 项目最终因缺乏融资而告吹。

forms: demises (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈmaɪz/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demise.wav

rhymes: -aɪz


demise

forms:
demises (third-person singular present)
demising (present participle)
demised (past participle)


demise

etymology_texts: 源自法語 démission，源自拉丁語 dēmissiō，源自dēmittō。

text: podat demisi

translation: 辞职

ipa: [ˈdɛmɪsɛ]

abdikace

sense: 辞职


demisemiquaver

forms: demisemiquavers (plural)

ipa: /dɛmɪˈsɛmɪkweɪvə(ɹ)/


decidua

etymology_texts: 來自拉丁語 dēciduus (“falling down or off”)，來自dēcidō (“墜落”)。

forms:
deciduas (plural)
deciduae (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈsɪdʒʊə/


democratically

forms:
more democratically (comparative)
most democratically (superlative)

ipa: /dɛməˈkɹætɪkəli/


decimals

glosses: decimal 的不定屬格單數


decken

etymology_texts: 古高地德语 decchen。 与古诺尔斯语 þekja（丹麦语 tække）、古萨克森语 tekken、英语 thatch 同源。

ipa: /ˈdɛkŋ̩/


demote

text: James was demoted from branch manager to assistant manager due to his poor discipline.

translation: James由于不守纪律，被从副经理降职成了分店经理。

text: In 1036, shortly after arriving at Yi-ling, Ou-yang Hsiu sent a lengthy letter to his friend, Yin Shu, who had been demoted at the same time as Ou-yang Hsiu and sent to Ying-chou (modern Chung-hsiang, Hupeh).

ref: 1984, Ronald C. Egan, The Literary Works of Ou-yang Hsiu (1007-72), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 93:

forms:
demotes (third-person singular present)
demoting (present participle)
demoted (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈməʊt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-demote.wav

ipa: /dɪˈmoʊt/

rhymes: -əʊt

promote

sense: 降职


demote

pos_title: 分词

glosses: dēmōtus 的呼格陽性單數

forms: dēmōte (canonical)


den

glosses:
[代词] 它
[指示代词] 那，那个


decoction

etymology_texts: 源自古法語 decoccion、decoction，源自拉丁語 decoctiō，源自decoquō (“将...煮稠”)，源自de- + coquō (“烹煮”)。

glosses: （煎熬而成的）浓汁，精华；煎汁

text: [I]nſtead of Honey, Rob of Elder, Conſerve of Roſes, or Syrup of Violets; Glyſters, Pedilavia of emollient Decoctions with Nitre; or Elder, Vinegar, or Focus's of the ſame, applied with Sponges behind the Ears, to the Armpits, Groins, Hams, &c. or with Barley-water and a little Roſe-vinegar.

ref: 1749，[Thomas Short]，「[Of the Symptoms of Fevers, and Their Cure.] 10th, Of Feverish Heat」，收錄於 A General Chronological History of the Air, Weather, Seasons, Meteors, &c. in Sundry Places and Different Times; More Particularly for the Space of 250 Years. Together with Some of Their Most Remarkable Effects on Animal (Especially Human) Bodies, and Vegetables. In Two Volumes，第II卷，Printed for T[homas] Longman, in Paternoster-Row；and A[ndrew] Millar, in the Strand，→OCLC，512–513頁：

text: The transition is a keen one, I assure you, from a schoolmaster to a sailor, and requires a strong decoction of Seneca and the Stoics to enable you to grin and bear it.

ref: 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 1:

text: Poley offered a hot decoction of blackberries, saying: Peace?

ref: 1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man In Deptford:

text: Witches and devils no longer threaten you and me. We don’t mind living next door to the harmless lady with her herb garden and decoction still, her black cat and red hair.

ref: 1994, Jeanette Winterson, Art & Lies:

text: Even the fixed principles of vegetables, at least some of them, are injured by long decoction. The extractive matter, for instance, gradually absorbs oxygen from the atmosphere, and is converted into a substance nearly insipid and inert.

ref: 1804, The Medical and Physical Journal (page 563)

forms: decoctions (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈkɒkʃən/


decoction

text: IX cuillieres de la dicte decoction

translation: [取]9茶匙前述的煎汁

ref: 1377，Bernard de Gordon，Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine)：

forms:
decoctions
decoction (nominative singular)
decoctions (nominative plural)


denarius

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 dēnārius。英語 denar、英語 denier、英語 dinar、英語 diner、英語 dinero和英語 dinheiro 的同源對似詞。

forms:
denarii (plural)
denariuses (plural)

enpr: dĭ'när(ē)əs

ipa: /dɪˈnɑːɹɪ.əs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-denarius.wav

enpr: dĭ'nâr(ē)əs

ipa: /dɪˈnɛəɹɪ.əs/


decohere

text: Even the slightest disturbance causes qubits to “decohere”, shedding their magical properties.

ref: 2012 February 25, ‘An uncertain future’, The Economist:

text: History suggests those in power will cling to whatever is working well for them even as the economy and society decay and decohere around them.

ref: 2024 July 12, Charles Hugh Smith, How Will We Distribute the Pain Ahead?:

forms:
decoheres (third-person singular present)
decohering (present participle)
decohered (past participle)

ipa: /diːkəʊˈhɪə(ɹ)/

rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)


decolonise

forms:
decolonises (third-person singular present)
decolonising (present participle)
decolonised (past participle)


decolonize

text: A paternal government would attempt to decolonize American literature, by forbidding the re-publication of foreign works, and offering premiums to those of home production.

translation: 父親式的政府會試圖透過禁止重新出版外國作品、並為本土作品提供獎勵的方式來使美國文學非殖民化。

ref: 1860，James Parton，Life of Andrew Jackson: In Three Volumes，84頁：

glosses: 扭轉殖民帶來的影響，恢復一個群體的自治權

text: Across Ukraine, officials are starting projects to, as they say, “decolonize” their cities. Streets and subway stops whose names evoke the history of the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union are under scrutiny by a population eager to rid itself of traces of the nation that invaded in late February.

ref: 2022 June 7, Erika Solomon, “Goodbye, Tchaikovsky and Tolstoy: Ukrainians look to ‘decolonize’ their streets.”, in The New York Times:

text: The arrival of Trump in the White House gave a new urgency to the idea that museums needed to “decolonize” their collections, atone for their past elitism, and become overtly political institutions rather than mere warehouses of valuable objects.

ref: 2022 October 3, Helen Lewis, “The Guggenheim’s Scapegoat”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:

forms:
decolonizes (third-person singular present)
decolonizing (present participle)
decolonized (past participle)

ipa: /diːˈkɒlənaɪz/


dengue

glosses:
m. 娇态，女人气，[医]登革热，魔鬼==葡萄牙語==
登革热


decommission

forms:
decommissions (third-person singular present)
decommissioning (present participle)
decommissioned (past participle)

ipa: /diːkəˈmɪʃən/

parts: de com mis sion


denier

glosses:
* [S:计量学]登尼尔；黛
* [T:計量學]丹尼


denigrate

forms:
denigrates (third-person singular present)
denigrating (present participle)
denigrated (past participle)


decomposer

forms: decomposers (plural)

ipa: /diːkəmˈpəʊzə(ɹ)/


denizen

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 denisein，源自古法語 denzein，源自deinz (“内部”) + -ein，源自晚期拉丁語 deintus (“自内部”)，其衍生出法語 dans。

text: The giant squid is one of many denizens of the deep.

translation: 巨型鱿鱼是栖息深海的众多生物之一。

text: The cries of the gorilla proclaimed that it was in mortal combat with some other denizen of the fierce wood. Suddenly these cries ceased, and the silence of death reigned throughout the jungle.

ref: 1912: Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 6

text: The denizens of that pub are of the roughest sort.

translation: 那间酒吧的常客都是粗野之人。

text: He was well known to the sallow denizens of the lane; for such of them as were on the look-out to buy or sell, nodded, familiarly, as he passed along.

ref: 1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, Chapter 26,

text: As a fan of West Ham United I’m always looking to legitimise my dislike of Chelsea FC. And on first viewing, this week’s jarring retro-Métro-racism seems like a good reason to condemn the denizens of Stamford Bridge.

ref: 2015 February 20, Russell Brand, “Let’s kick cold profiteering out of football, along with racism”, in The Guardian (London):

text: A denizen is a kind of middle state, between an alien and a natural-born subject, and partakes of both.

ref: 1765, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1, Chapter X, p. 374

text: Though born in Iceland, he became a denizen of Britain after leaving Oxford.

text: The bald eagle is a denizen of the northern part of the state.

translation: 秃鹰是这个州北部的生物。

forms: denizens (plural)

dweller

sense: 居住者，栖息生物

regular

sense: 常客

notes: 作为英国法律用语，其使用于13世纪到19世纪（20世纪有提到但未使用），后被归化取代。参见英语维基百科denization。


denizen

glosses: 给...授予公民身份，归化

text: He was denizened to Ireland after fleeing his home country.

translation: 他逃离祖国后归化到了爱尔兰。

text: [The Horse-Chessnut] was first brought from Constantinople to Vienna, thence into Italy, and so France; but to Ʋs from the Levant more immediately, and flourishes so well, and grows so goodly a Tree in compe[te]nt time, that by this alone, we might have ample encouragement to Denizen other strangers amongst us.

ref: 1664, John Evelyn, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber, London: 1670, Chapter 7, “Of the Chesnut,” p. 42,

text: And, soon as Denizen’d, they domineer.

ref: 1693, John Dryden (translator), The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis, London: Jacob Tonson, The Third Satyr, p. 38,

forms:
denizens (third-person singular present)
denizening (present participle)
denizened (past participle)


denomination

forms: denominations (plural)

ipa: /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/


denominative

glosses: 自名词或形容词派生出来的


decoration

etymology_texts: 來自拉丁語 decoratio：對照法語 décoration。型態上decorate + -ion。

text: At the very moment he cried out, David realised that what he had run into was only the Christmas tree. Disgusted with himself at such cowardice, he spat a needle from his mouth, stepped back from the tree and listened. There were no sounds of any movement upstairs: no shouts, no sleepy grumbles, only a gentle tinkle from the decorations as the tree had recovered from the collision.

ref: 1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:

glosses: 任何佩戴於身上的榮譽標記

glosses: 利用異質糖類作為誘餌，以分散宿主免疫系統的注意力

forms: decorations (plural)

ipa: /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/


decorations

ipa: /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃənz/

parts: dec o ra tions


decorum

etymology_texts: 古典借詞，源自拉丁語 decōrum。

forms:
decora (plural)
decorums (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈkɔːɹəm/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-decorum.wav

rhymes: -ɔːɹəm

parts: de co rum


decrepit

etymology_texts: 源自中古法語 décrépit，源自拉丁語 decrepitus (“非常老的”)，源自crepare (“嘎吱作响”)。

glosses: 老态龙钟的； 破旧不堪的

text: Sorrow is subdued by strong necessity; there is no cause why life should be lengthened for our love; and we feel that the worn and the decrepit do but go down into that grave which had received youth, health, beauty,—all that made existence precious—long before.

ref: 1834, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Francesca Carrara, volume 2, pages 79-80:

text: Two entrants shared this award for their work on two quite different stations, but with the same purpose of bringing a redundant station building back into use for the benefit of the community, with the added result of conserving an historic building. Saltash Town Council bought Saltash station building after it had become very decrepit and 'an eyesore' - such that it was nearly pulled down to make way for housing.

ref: 2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Network Rail Community Award: Saltash and Stow”, in RAIL, number 946, page 58:

forms:
decrepid (obsolete alternative)
more decrepit (comparative)
most decrepit (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-decrepit.wav


decrepit

forms:
decrepită (feminine singular)
decrepiți (masculine plural)
decrepite


decrescendo

forms:
decrescendos (plural)
decrescendi (plural)

ipa: /diːˌkɹɛˈʃɛndəʊ/


decrescendo

forms:
decrescendos (third-person singular present)
decrescendoing (present participle)
decrescendoed (past participle)

ipa: /diːˌkɹɛˈʃɛndəʊ/


decrescendo

forms:
more decrescendo (comparative)
most decrescendo (superlative)

ipa: /diːˌkɹɛˈʃɛndəʊ/


decrescendo

glosses: dēcrēscō 的與格動名詞

forms: dēcrēscendō (canonical)


decrescendo

etymology_texts: 非同化借詞，源自意大利語 decrescendo。


decrescendo

etymology_texts: 非同化借詞，源自意大利語 decrescendo。


decretal

glosses:
f. (教皇的)诏令，诏令集==葡萄牙語==
法令的


decry

etymology_texts: 约17世纪，源自中古法語 decrier (“诋毁；使...贬值”)，源自古法語 descrier (“喊叫”)（现代作décrier）。英語 descry 的同源對似詞。贬义的含义在中古英语借用时尚不存在，但它在法语中至少从13世纪起就已经出现，具有“诋毁；贬值；宣布货币贬值或废止”的含义，可能是因为将前缀“de-”解释成了“向下，劣等”之意的缘故。

text: All of us seem to need some totalistic relationships in our lives. But to decry the fact that we cannot have only such relationships is nonsense.

ref: 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 99:

text: While decrying bureaucracy and demanding participatory democracy they, themselves, frequently attempt to manipulate the very group of workers, blacks or students on whose behalf they demand participation.

ref: 1970, Alvin Toffler, Future Shock: Bantam Books, page 474:

text: For London, Beeching decries the low fares, resulting in an inability to justify investment in capacity enhancement despite severe overcrowding.

ref: 2023 March 8, Gareth Dennis, “The Reshaping of things to come...”, in RAIL, number 978, pages 47–48:

forms:
decries (third-person singular present)
decrying (present participle)
decried (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈkɹaɪ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-decry.wav

rhymes: -aɪ


deoxygenate

glosses: 去氧，去除（水、血液等）所含的溶解氧

forms:
deoxygenates (third-person singular present)
deoxygenating (present participle)
deoxygenated (past participle)

ipa: /diˈɒksɪdʒɪneɪt/


deoxygenation

forms: deoxygenations (plural)

ipa: /diˌɒksɪdʒɪˈneɪʃən/

oxygenation

sense: 去氧


dedans

glosses: 网球发球线后面的看台.观众


dedicatee

text: In 1949, having fallen in with some petty criminals, he was arrested for harboring stolen goods and subsequently committed to the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where he met the future dedicatee of "Howl," Carl Solomon.

ref: 2009 January 11, James Campbell, “Howls”, in New York Times:

forms: dedicatees (plural)

ipa: /ˌdɛdɪkəˈtiː/


dedication

forms: dedications (plural)

ipa: /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-dedication.wav


department

forms: departments (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈpɑːtm(ə)nt/

ipa: /dəˈpɑɹtmənt/

parts: de part ment


departmental

etymology_texts: 借自法語 départemental。字面分析等同於department + -al。英語 départemental 的同源對似詞。

ipa: /dɪpɑːtˈmɛntəl/

ipa: /ˌdiːpɑtˈmɛntəl/

ipa: /dɪpɑɹtˈmɛntəl/

ipa: /ˌdiːpɑɹtˈmɛntəl/

ipa: /dɪpaːtˈmentəl/

ipa: /ˌdiːpaːtˈmentəl/

rhymes: -ɛntəl


dependable

text: He was a very dependable person.

forms:
more dependable (comparative)
most dependable (superlative)

ipa: [dɪˈpɛndəbəɫ]

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-dependable.wav


dependable

text: But Datsyuk’s return rejuvenated the old dependables like Rafalski, Lidstrom and Marian Hossa, who consistently outshone Malkin and Crosby.

ref: 2009 June 7, Jeff Z. Klein, “At Full Strength, Red Wings Dominate”, in New York Times:

forms: dependables (plural)


dependably

forms:
more dependably (comparative)
most dependably (superlative)


dependency

text: engineered dependency

forms: dependencies (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈpɛndənsi/


deplorable

etymology_texts:
原始印歐語詞
 *de
形容词借自法語 déplorable (“可悲的”)，或源自其词源晚期拉丁語 dēplōrābilis + 英語 -able (“能够...的”)。其中Dēplōrābilis派生自拉丁語 dēplōrō (“抱怨；痛惜，悲痛”) + -ābilis (“能够...的，应受...的”)，而dēplōrō源自dē- (程度增强前缀) + plōrō (“喊出；抱怨；悲痛”)（可能源自原始印歐語 *pleh₃(w)- (“流；游泳”)）。
名词派生自形容词。美国政治相关义项指的是美国政客及民主党人希拉里·克林顿（1947年生）在2016年美国总统选举期间的一次讲话中说，她的对手共和党人唐纳德·特朗普（1946年生）的支持者是“basket of deplorables”（一群可悲的人）。

glosses: 极差的，恶劣的，应遭谴责的

text: Poor children suffer permanent damage due to deplorable living conditions and deplorable treatment by law enforcement.

translation: 贫困儿童因恶劣的生活环境和执法机构对其的不公待遇而遭受永久性创伤。

text: Poor children are often accused of having deplorable manners, when they are, in fact, simply responding to society in ways that mirror how society treats them.

translation: 贫困儿童常被指责教养差，但其实他们只是以社会对待他们的方式回应社会而已。

text: We were all saddened by the deplorable death of his son.

translation: 我们都为他儿子的悲惨离世而深感痛心。

text: There was a youth and his mother, and a maidservant on board, who were going passengers, and thinking the ship was ready to sail, unhappily came on board the evening before the hurricane began; and having no provisions of their own left, they were in a more deplorable condition than the rest.

ref: 1719, Daniel Defoe, The life and adventures of Robinson Crusoe

text: If, however, the early symptoms of insanity be neglected till the brain becomes accustomed to the irregular actions of disease, or till organic changes take place from the early violence of those actions, then the case becomes hopeless of cure. In this situation, in too many cases, the victim of this deplorable malady is cast off by his friends, thrust into a dungeon or in chains, there to remain till the shattered intellect shall exhaust all its remaining energies in perpetual raving and violence, till it sinks into hopeless and deplorable idiocy.

ref: 1840, Public Documents of the State of Maine, "Report Relating to the Insane Hospital", Committee on Public Buildings

forms:
more deplorable (comparative)
most deplorable (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈplɔːɹəbəɫ/


deplorable

forms: deplorables (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈplɔːɹəbəɫ/


deplorable

etymology_texts: 15世纪晚期，借自拉丁語 dēplōrābilis。


deplorable

etymology_texts: 源自晚期拉丁語 dēplōrābilis，等价于deplorar + -able。

forms: deplorables (masculine feminine plural)


deportation

forms: deportations (plural)

ipa: /diːˌpɔːˈteɪʃən/


defamatory

forms:
more defamatory (comparative)
most defamatory (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈfæmətɹi/

ipa: /dɪˈfæmətɔɹi/


defaulting

glosses: default 的現在時分詞和動名詞


deprave

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 depraven，源自古法語 depraver，源自拉丁語 dēprāvāre (“扭曲的，腐败的”)，源自de- + pravus (“扭曲的，邪恶的”)。

glosses: 使...恶化，使...腐败

forms:
depraves (third-person singular present)
depraving (present participle)
depraved (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈpɹeɪv/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deprave.wav

rhymes: -eɪv


deprave

glosses:
depravar 的屈折：
第一人稱/第三人稱單數現在時虛擬式

glosses:
depravar 的屈折：
第三人稱單數命令式


deprave

glosses:
depravar 的屈折：
第一人稱/第三人稱單數現在時虛擬式

glosses:
depravar 的屈折：
第三人稱單數命令式


deprecate

ipa: /ˈdɛpɹɪkeɪt/

ipa: /ˈdɛpɹəkeɪt/

parts: dep re cate


defective

glosses:
* [S:计量学]有缺陷的
* [T:計量學]不良品
* 正體: 缺陷，損壞[電子計算機]


depredate

etymology_texts: 晚期拉丁語 depraedari、depraedat-，源自 de- + praedari (“掠奪”)。

text: It makes the substance of the body […] less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.

translation: 它使身體的物質 […] 不易被精神消耗和浪費。

ref: 1631，Francis [Bacon]，「(please specify |century=I to X)」，收錄於 Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […]，3rd版，London： […] William Rawley；[p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […]，→OCLC：

forms:
depredates (third-person singular present)
depredating (present participle)
depredated (past participle)

ipa: /ˈdɛprədeɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-depredate.wav


depredate

glosses: depredare 的第二人稱複數現在時和命令式


defender

glosses:
vt. 保护，保卫，维护，辩护==葡萄牙語==
辩护，为…辩护；防御；防御


defenestration

etymology_texts: 來自新拉丁語 defenestratio，來自dē (“自；外”) + fenestra (“窗戶”) + -atio (表示動作或過程的後綴)；對照中古法語 défenestrer (現代法語 défenestrer)、défenestration、意大利語 defenestrazione、德語 Fenstersturz。動詞defenestrate是後來形成的。

text: The "Defenestration" at Prague (A.D. 1618). [...] The imperial Austrian Councillors are thrown out of the window of the castle of Hradschin by the enraged Bohemian Deputies [...]

ref: 1905, Rossiter Johnson, editor, The Great Events by Famous Historians; a Comprehensive and Readable Account of the World’s History, […], volumes XI (A.D. 1609–1660), New York, N.Y.: National Alumni, →OCLC, pages 62–75:

text: The Third Defenestration of Prague occurred on 10 March 1948. During the closing stages of the communist takeover in Czechoslovakia, Jan Masaryk, the popular foreign minister and son of Tomáš Masaryk, fell – or more likely was pushed – out of a window.

ref: 1996, Adrian [G. V.] Hyde-Price, “East Central Europe: A Brief History”, in The International Politics of East Central Europe, Manchester; New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, footnote 41, page 40:

text: On September 11, 2001 when NYC's Twin Towers were impacted [...] some occupants trapped above the inferno facing certain death instead jumped from windows to their certain death (self defenestration).

ref: 2004, Paul Dehn Carleton, “Notes and References”, in Concepts: A ProtoTheist Quest for Science-minded Skeptics of Catholic, and Other Christian, Jewish & Muslim Backgrounds, Pontiac, Mich.: Carleton House, →ISBN, footnote 15, page 359:

date: 自西元17世紀

glosses: 高調地將某人從組織中除名

text: Be that as it may, his defenestration was coldly abrupt, and in his place, the Football Association resurrected a veteran manager and former England star in Joe Mercer for seven games.

ref: 2005 September 4, The Sunday Times, London:

text: With Rishi Sunak and Sajid Javid gone from the cabinet, it could all be over for Boris Johnson – although quite how long it will take his enemies to finish him off is not at all clear and his defenestration does not look immediate.

ref: 2022 July 5, Andrew Sparrow, “As Sunak and Javid quit cabinet, is it all over for Boris Johnson?”, in The Guardian:

glosses: 將微軟視窗操作系統從計算機中移除，以安裝替代系統的行為

text: Defenestration might be an option too. May I recommend Linux?

ref: 1998 November 1, “Dorian Bliss”, “He’s dead, Jim”, in rec.humor.oracle.d (Usenet), message-ID <363DA726.C27FA5F@spamfree.land>:

text: It's defenestration day in Redmond today. A clearly stunned Microsoft did what it could to pretend that Judge Jackson's findings of fact were "just one step", as [Bill] Gates put said in the prepared statement that he read at a press conference last night, but it was hopeless.

ref: 1999 November 6, Graham Lea, “Stunned MS vows to fight on for freedom: ‘Integrity, partnership, quality … giving’ – (takes out onion)”, in The Register, archived from the original on 19 Aug 2014:

text: No defenestration here. Ask questions about all aspects of Windows programming, get help on Microsoft technologies covered in Apress books, or provide feedback on any Apress Windows book.

ref: 2002, John Kilburn, Palm Programming in Basic, Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN, page 392:

text: What's needed is defenestration – throwing out the Windows mindset along with Microsoft's licenses and software – but that's not as simple as changing a boot CD or even migrating a whole raft of servers. What's involved is fundamental change both in how IT operates and in what it does.

ref: 2004 February 12, Paul Murphy, “What does Linux cost?”, in LinuxInsider: Linux News & Information from around the World, archived from the original on 11 Mar 2016:

text: Traditionally, the verb defenestrate means to throw out of a window. But as Australian companies take their first timid steps towards installing non-proprietary software on corporate desktops, defenestration is starting to be linked to the throwing out of Windows software.

ref: 2005 December 1, D. Braue, P. Gray, L. Colquhoun, J.-V. Douglas, “Leaders of the pack”, in MIS Asia: Managing Information Strategies, archived from the original on 07 Oct 2007:

forms: defenestrations (plural)

ipa: /dɪˌfɛnɪˈstɹeɪʃ(ə)n/

ipa: /ˌdiː-/

ipa: /diˌfɛnəˈstɹeɪʃən/

parts: de fe nes tra tion


defer

forms:
defers (third-person singular present)
deferring (present participle)
deferred (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈfɜː/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-defer.wav

ipa: /dɪˈfɝ/

ipa: /dɪˈfɛr/

ipa: /dɪˈføː/

ipa: /dɪˈfeː/

ipa: /dɪˈfɛː/

ipa: /dɪˈfɜː(ɹ)/

rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)

parts: de fer


deferential

forms:
more deferential (comparative)
most deferential (superlative)

ipa: [ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ]


dereference

glosses: 间接访问，间接存取，解引用，解参考（访问一个指针或类似数据类型的值所指向的内存中的值）

text: Attempting to dereference a null pointer often results in a crash.

translation: 试图间接引用空指针常会导致程序崩溃。

glosses: 间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

text: With the find command, any symbolic links appearing after -follow will be dereferenced.

translation: 使用find命令后，-follow后接的符号链接将被间接访问。

forms:
dereferences (third-person singular present)
dereferencing (present participle)
dereferenced (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈɹɛfɹəns/

follow

sense: 间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）

resolve

sense: 间接访问，间接存取（直接在符号链接指向的文件上执行操作）


dereference

forms: dereferences (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈɹɛfɹəns/


dereliction

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 dērelictiō (“忽视，遗弃”)，源自dērelinquō (“忽视，遗弃”)，源自dē- + re- + linquō (“离开”)。

text: The new soldier did not clean his cabin and was scolded for dereliction and disobedience.

translation: 新兵没有清理自己的隔间，被骂渎职，违抗命令。

text: What he did was a terrible dereliction of duty.

translation: 他犯了很严重的玩忽职守。

text: And his final act—leaving the Watch to accompany Tormund and the Wildlings back into the woods North of the wall—no longer seems like a dereliction of duty. It’s the recovery of duty, found by a man who feels he betrayed his queen, who thinks there’s no longer a place for him in these lands.

ref: 2019 May 19, Alex McLevy, “The final Game Of Thrones brings a pensive but simple meditation about stories (newbies)”, in The A.V. Club:

text: After years of unsympathetic commercial use and dereliction, nothing of note remained inside, which accordingly has been reconfigured with modern amenities such as underfloor heating.

ref: 2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The Network Rail Community Award: Saltash and Stow”, in RAIL, number 946, page 58:

forms: derelictions (plural)

rhymes: -ɪkʃən

parts: der e lic tion


definitely

text: Joe definitely doesn't know how to drive a tractor.

translation: 佐伊肯定不知道怎樣開拖拉機。

text: She said she wasn't coming, definitely.

translation: 她說她絕對絕對不會來。

text: It was really impossible on board that ship to get away definitely from Almayer

ref: 1912, Joseph Conrad, A Personal Record Chapter IV

text: And the Nose definitely turned away.

ref: 1916, Claud Field (translator), Nikolai Gogol, The Nose, (1836)

forms:
more definitely (comparative)
most definitely (superlative)


deride

forms:
derides (third-person singular present)
deriding (present participle)
derided (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈɹaɪd/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deride.wav

ipa: /dəˈɹaɪd/

rhymes: -aɪd

parts: de ride


derisory

forms:
more derisory (comparative)
most derisory (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈɹaɪzəɹi/


deflower

etymology_texts: 来自中古英語 deflouren，来自古法語 desflorer（现代法語 déflorer），来自晚期拉丁語 deflōrāre。

forms:
deflowers (third-person singular present)
deflowering (present participle)
deflowered (past participle)

rhymes: -aʊə(ɹ)

ipa: /dɪˈflaʊə(ɹ)/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-deflower.wav


deft

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 defte、daft (“温柔的”)，源自古英語 dæfte (“温和的，温柔的，温顺的”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *daftī (“合适的”)，派生自*dabaną (“合适”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“适”)。相近同源词包括哥特語 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍉𐍆𐍃 (gadōfs，“合适的”)、西弗里斯蘭語 deftich (“杰出的”)、荷蘭語 deftig (“杰出的”)、德語 deftig (“粗野的”)。较远同源词包括俄語 добро (dobro，“财富，物资”)和拉丁語 faber (“匠人；熟练的”)。

text: He assembled it in one fluid, deft motion.

translation: 他流畅灵活地一下把它组装了起来。

forms:
defter (comparative)
deftest (superlative)

ipa: /dɛft/

rhymes: -ɛft


degas

forms:
degases (third-person singular present)
degasses (third-person singular present)
degassing (present participle)
degassed (past participle)

degasify

sense: 除去氣體


degas

glosses: dēgō 的第二人稱單數現在時主動態虛擬式

forms: dēgās (canonical)


degassing

glosses: degas 的現在時分詞和動名詞


degenerative

forms:
more degenerative (comparative)
most degenerative (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈdʒɛn(ə)ɹətɪv/


derogatory

ipa: /dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/

ipa: /dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/


dehumidifier

forms: dehumidifiers (plural)

ipa: /diːˌhjuːˈmɪdɪfaɪ(j)ə(ɹ)/


descendant

forms: descendants (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈsɛndənt/

parts: des cen dant


descender

glosses: vi. 下来，来自，出身于


dejected

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 dēiciō。

forms:
more dejected (comparative)
most dejected (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈdʒɛktəd/


dejected

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 dēiciō。

glosses: deject 的過去式和過去分詞


descry

etymology_texts:
源自14世纪的中古英語 descrien、descriven，当时它已经具有双重含义：“宣布，公布，使人知晓”和“看见，辨认，发现”。有说法称这个中古英语词是从古法語 descrier (“宣布，公布，叫喊”)，源自des- + crier (“喊叫，哭喊”)，若如此，则它属于英語 decry 的同源對似詞，它是在17世纪从同一法语来源借入的。另一种说法认为，中古英语的这个词可能是古法語 descrire、descrivre (“描述”)的缩略形式，后者源自拉丁語 describere，因而成为英語 describe 的同源對似詞（Palmer (1890)认为如此，并归于Walter William Skeat） ，这样便能解释拼写descriven。但现代词典似乎更倾向于认为，在中古英语内部，descrien受到的descriven的影响是次要的，基于民间词源学的（The Century Dictionary (1911)认为如此）。
从“宣布”到“辨认、侦察”的语义转变是通过了“在发现寻找的东西时大声喊出来”这一用法实现的。Palmer (1890)指出explōrō (原意是“喊叫着在树林中寻找猎物”)作为对比。

glosses: 发现，看见，辨认出，察觉

text: VVe vvere deſcried, theyle mock vs novv dounright.

ref: c. 1595–1596，W. Shakespere [i.e., 威廉·莎士比亞]，A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […]（First Quarto），London： […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby，1598 出版，→OCLC；再版為 Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost（Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles；no. 5），London：W[illiam] Griggs, […]，[1880]，→OCLC，「[Act V, scene ii]」，388行：

text: And now thir way to Earth they had descri’d, / To Paradise first tending, […]

ref: 1667，John Milton，「Book X」，收錄於 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London： […] [Samuel Simmons], […]，→OCLC；再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London：Basil Montagu Pickering […]，1873，→OCLC，325-326行：

text: Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days’ cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.

ref: 1897年12月 (標示為1898年)，温斯顿·丘吉尔，第IV章，收錄於 The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約：The Macmillan Company；倫敦：麥米倫出版公司，→OCLC，47頁：

text: Dimly through the mists they could descry the long arm of the mountains rising on their left.

ref: 1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Two Towers, page 15:

text: On the far hillside we are approaching can be descried a bridge on the first section (Ruabon–Llangollen) of the important G.W.R. branch to Dolgelley, which will shortly join our main line by means of a trailing junction.

ref: 1955 January，R. S. McNaught，「源自the Severn to the Mersey by Great Western」，收錄於 Railway Magazine，18頁：

forms:
descries (third-person singular present)
descrying (present participle)
descried (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈskɹaɪ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-descry.wav


desideratum

etymology_texts:
古典借詞，源自拉丁語 dēsīderātum (“想要的东西”)，dēsīderātus的中性主格单数形式，dēsīderāre (“想要，渴望”)的被动过去分词，源自dēsīderō (“想要，希望，渴望”)，源自de- (程度增强后缀) + （可能）sīdus (“星星；星座”)，但其间的关联性不详。英语词与法語 desideratum、西班牙語 desiderátum同源。
复数形式源自拉丁語 dēsīderāta。

glosses: 渴望的东西，想要的东西，需求

text: It having hitherto been a deſideratum to draw ſilver wire fine enough for aſtronomical uſes, our author's improvement "conſiſts in nothing but in flattening the fineſt wires which are now drawn."

ref: 1774 November, “Art. XI. An Improvement Proposed in the Cross Wires of Telescopes. By Dr. Wilson, of Glasgow.”, in The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XLIV, London: Printed […] for D[avid] Henry, […], →OCLC, page 529, column 2:

text: I shall now, agreeably to your request, endeavour to point out some of the principal Desiderata of the science of Natural History, and the most effectual means to be pursued for the Advancement of Science.

ref: 1807 June 10, Benjamin Smith Barton, A Discourse on Some of the Principal Desiderata in Natural History, and on the Best Means of Promoting the Study of This Science, in the United-States. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed by Denham & Town, […], →OCLC, page 15:

text: The kettle was singing on the side, and a thin white column of smoke announced, that desideratum of tea-makers, that the water boiled at a gallop.

ref: 1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 46:

text: Less teaching and good healing is to-day the acme of "well done;" a healing that is not guesswork, – chronic recovery ebbing and flowing, – but instantaneous cure. This absolute demonstration of Science must be revived. To consummate this desideratum, mortal mind must pass through three stages of growth.

ref: 1896, Mary Baker Eddy, Miscellaneous Writings 1883–1896, Boston, Mass.: Christian Science Publishing Society, →OCLC; republished Boston, Mass.: Trustees under the Will of Mary Baker G. Eddy, 1924, →OCLC, page 355:

text: While much is being done in the detailed improvement of our systems in respect of both matter and manner, the most pressing desideratum has not yet even been recognised as a desideratum.

ref: 1898, Herbert Spencer, “Moral Education”, in Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC, page 161:

text: A heavy clay soil is bad for all neuralgics, and the house should be dry, and on a sandy or gravel soil. The desideratum for all neuralgic affections is perpetual summer, but this can only be obtained, and it is not always possible, by an annual migration.

ref: 1907 November, Angus Caithness, “Notes on Neuralgia”, in J. J. Lawrence, editor, The Medical Brief: A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery, volume XXXV, number 11, St. Louis, Mo.: [s.n.] […], →OCLC, page 840, column 2:

text: Money is probably a desideratum under almost any circumstance, though it is certainly possible to imagine limitations.

ref: 1968, Sociology and Social Research, volume 53, Los Angeles, Calif.: Southern California Sociological Society, University of Southern California, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 65:

text: [W]e want to present certain desiderata for a theory of argument structure and the diagramming system which represents it. These desiderata will further highlight the appropriateness of presenting our dialectal theory of argument at the beginning of our study.

ref: 1991, James B. Freeman, “Basic Theoretical Considerations”, in Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments: A Theory of Argument Structure (Studies of Argumentation in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis), Berlin; New York, N.Y.: Foris Publications, →ISBN, section 2.2 (Desiderata for Theory and Practice), page 33:

text: In terms of the seven desiderata for any adequate response to the puzzle of marked variation, I have argued that the constructivist view's only real strength lies in the first desideratum.

ref: 2018, Robert A. Wilson, “A Socio-cognitive Framework for Marked Variation”, in The Eugenic Mind Project, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, section 6.8 (Return of the Seven), page 137:

date: 自17世纪中叶

forms: desiderata (plural)

ipa: /dɪˌsɪdəˈɹɑːtəm/

ipa: /-ˈɹeɪ-/

ipa: /dəˌsɪdəˈɹɑtəm/

ipa: [-ɾəm]

parts: de si de ra tum


desideratum

glosses: dēsīderō 的賓格目的動名詞

forms: dēsīderātum (canonical)


desideratum

glosses:
dēsīderātus 的屈折：
主格/賓格/呼格中性單數

glosses:
dēsīderātus 的屈折：
賓格陽性單數


designer

etymology_texts: 請參閲主詞條的词源章節。


designer

etymology_texts:
請參閲主詞條的词源章節。
借自英語 designer。


desorb

forms:
desorbs (third-person singular present)
desorbing (present participle)
desorbed (past participle)


despairing

ipa: /dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


despairing

ipa: /dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


despairing

forms: despairings (plural)

ipa: /dɪˈspɛəɹ.ɪŋ/


desperado

ipa: /dɛspəˈɹɑːdəʊ/


despond

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 dēspondeō (“放弃”)，源自dē (“从，离”) + spondeō (“发誓”)。

text:
Yet still despond not, but proceed
Along the path where fate may lead.

ref: 1867, John Conington, Aeneid, translation of original by Virgil, page 176:

text: I should despair, or at least despond.

ref: October 16, 1820, Thomas Scott, letter to the Rev. G. Knight, Harwell

text: Others depress their own minds, [and] despond at the first difficulty.

forms:
desponds (third-person singular present)
desponding (present participle)
desponded (past participle)

ipa: /dɪˈspɒnd/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-despond.wav

ipa: /ˈdɛspɒnd/

rhymes: -ɒnd

parts: de spond


despond

despondency

sense: 灰心


despondent

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 dēspondēns，源自动词dēspondeō (“放弃”)。

glosses: 沮丧的，绝望的，气馁的，灰心的

text: Thanks to that penny he had just spent so recklessly [on a newspaper] he would pass a happy hour, taken, for once, out of his anxious, despondent, miserable self. It irritated him shrewdly to know that these moments of respite from carking care would not be shared with his poor wife, with careworn, troubled Ellen.

ref: 1913，Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes，第I章，收錄於 The Lodger，London：Methuen，→OCLC；republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened，New York, N.Y.：Longmans, Green and Co., […]，[1933]，→OCLC，0056頁：

text: “Last year, I was despondent that it was so hard to dislodge the iron grip of Google,” said Sridhar Ramaswamy, who previously oversaw advertising for Google, including Search ads, and now runs Neeva. “But technological moments like this create an opportunity for more competition.”

ref: 2022 December 21, Nico Grant, Cade Metz, quoting Sridhar Ramaswamy, “A New Chat Bot Is a ‘Code Red’ for Google’s Search Business”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

forms:
more despondent (comparative)
most despondent (superlative)

ipa: /dɪˈspɒndənt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-despondent.wav


despondent

glosses: dēspondeō 的第三人稱複數現在時主動態直陳式

forms: dēspondent (canonical)


destroyer

forms: destroyers (plural)

ipa: /dəˈstɹɔɪ.ɚ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-destroyer.wav


destructor

glosses:
destructor/-a
adj. 破坏性的
m.
f. 破坏者
m. 驱逐舰


details

glosses: detail 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式

ipa: /ˈdiːteɪlz/

ipa: /dɪˈteɪlz/

rhymes: -eɪlz

parts: de tails


化學

etymology_texts: 該詞首次用於1857年墨海书馆出版的期刊《六合叢談》，當中英國漢學家伟烈亚力提及王韬在其日记（1855年3月31日）中记载了从戴德生处听闻的「化学」一词。一般公认漢語中的“化学”一词是徐寿翻译英国人的书《化学鉴原》一书时发明的。后该词被介绍到日本，取代了原先日语中译自荷蘭語 chemie的「舎密」。參見維基百科章節：化學#詞源。

glosses: 研究物質的組成、結構、性質和變化規律的科學，是自然科學中的基礎學科

text: 化學課

roman: huàxué kè

text: 化学课

text: 化學農藥

roman: huàxué nóngyào

text: 化学农药

text: 化學添加劑

roman: huàxué tiānjiājì

text: 化学添加剂

text: 化學去勢

roman: huàxué qùshì

text: 化学去势

text: 這把梳子是化學的。

roman: Zhè bǎ shūzǐ shì huàxué de.

text: 这把梳子是化学的。

forms: 化学 (Simplified-Chinese)

zh_pron: huàxué

zh_pron: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

zh_pron: хуащүә (huaxyə, III-I)

zh_pron: faa³ hok⁶

zh_pron: fa-ho̍k

zh_pron: fa^ˇ hog^ˋ

zh_pron: fa⁴ hog⁶

zh_pron: huá-hŏk

zh_pron: hua⁴ hah⁷

zh_pron: hòa-ha̍k

zh_pron: huê³ hag⁸

zh_pron: huàsyué

zh_pron: hwà-sywé

zh_pron: huahshyue

zh_pron: хуасюэ

roman: xuasjue

ipa: /xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

ipa: /xua⁴⁴ ɕyə²⁴/

zh_pron: fa hohk

zh_pron: faa³ hok⁹

zh_pron: fa³ hog⁶

ipa: /faː³³ hɔːk̚²/

zh_pron: fa hog

ipa: /fa⁵⁵ hok̚⁵/

ipa: /fa¹¹ hok²/

ipa: /fa⁵³ hɔk̚⁵/

ipa: /hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

zh_pron: hua¹ ah⁷

zh_pron: hua̍-ha̍h

ipa: /hua⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

zh_pron: huà-ha̍k

zh_pron: hoarhak

ipa: /hu̯a²¹⁻⁵³ hak̚⁴/

ipa: /hu̯a⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hak̚²⁴/

ipa: /hu̯a²¹⁻⁵³ hak̚¹²¹/

ipa: /hu̯a¹¹⁻⁵³ hak̚⁴/

ipa: /hu̯a²¹⁻⁴¹ hak̚⁴/

zh_pron: huè ha̍k

ipa: /hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hak̚⁴/

zh_pron: ho^去 yah

ipa: /ho³³ ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

chemie

sense: 自然科學的一個分支

كيميا

roman: kīmya

ܟܝܡܝܐ

roman: kimi(j)ɑ(ʔ)

ꦏꦶꦩꦶꦲ

roman: kimia

كِيمِيَاء

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

քիմիա

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

química

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

kemistri

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

chemie

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

kemi

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

kemiske

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

egenskab

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

chemie

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

scheikunde

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

chemistry

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

keemia

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

kemia

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

chimie

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

química

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

Chemie

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

χημεία

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

chimi

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

chimica

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

化学

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

ķīmija

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

química

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

хи́мия

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

ceimigeachd

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

кемија

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

kemija

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

química

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法

kemi

sense: 在特定物質上的應用的化學理論和方法