ether

etymology_texts:
源自中古英語 ēther，借自盎格魯-諾曼語 ether和中古法語 ether, ethere, aether ← 古法語 aether (“大氣最高最純淨的部分；（猜想）用來填充上部空間的物質”)（現代寫法法語 éther）, 或直接源自拉丁語 aethēr (“大氣最高最純淨的部分；天空；白日之光；圍繞神的空靈物質”)（也見晚期拉丁語 aethēr (“類似乙醚的物質”)） ← 古希臘語 αἰθήρ (aithḗr，“大氣上層的純淨空氣；天空；（猜想）填充空間、可傳熱傳光的物質”)← αἴθω (aíthō，“燒；點燃；發光”) ← 原始印歐語 *h₂eydʰ- (“燒；火”)。
本詞也與意大利語 ether, ethera (古舊), etere, 中古荷蘭語 ether（現代寫法荷蘭語 aether (古舊), ether）, 中古高地德語 ēther（現代寫法德語 aether, ether (古舊), Äther）, 西班牙語 éter同源。

glosses: 過去認爲大氣上部、雲以上的空間充滿的物質，尤其指神祗呼吸的物質

glosses: 過去認爲大氣上部、雲以上的空間充滿的物質，尤其指神祗呼吸的物質 人類所呼吸的物質；空氣

text: On Wings the Birds through Æther glide, / And Fiſhes cut with Fins the Tide.

ref: 1746 February 28, Criticus [pseudonym], “Dialogue on Women”, in [Mark Akenside], editor, The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume II, number XXV, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], →OCLC, page 389:

glosses: 過去認爲大氣上部、雲以上的空間充滿的物質，尤其指神祗呼吸的物質 天空；真空；虛無

text: Take a snapshot of the conflicts around the world: Sunnis vs. Shiites, Israelis vs. Palestinians, Serbs vs. Kosovars, Indians vs. Pakistanis. They seem to be driven by religious hatred. It’s enough to make you wonder if the animosity would melt away if all religions were suddenly, somehow, to vanish into the ether. But James Carse doesn’t see them as religious conflicts at all. To him, they are battles over rival belief systems, which may or may not have religious overtones.

ref: 2008 July 21, Steve Paulson, “Religion is Poetry”, in Salon, archived from the original on 30 Aug 2017:

text: In barely the blink of an eye, the perfectly healthy Judy entered a permanent vegetative state. […] What haunted me was the idea that one moment you’re gazing at your 2-year-old in her playroom and the next, you, the mother, have been whisked off into the ether forever.

ref: 2009 December, Sandra Tsing Loh, “On Being a Bad Mother: True Confessions”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN, archived from the original on 25 Jul 2018:

text: There’s a very real chance that, rather than crumbling into the dust and floating off into the ether, Thanos’s victims [in the film Avengers: Infinity War] were actually sucked up into the Soul Stone.

ref: 2018 May 7, Meg Downey, “Marvel’s Comic Soul Stone could Explain the Jump from Infinity War’s Ending to Avengers 4: A Brief History of Crazy Multidimensional Power”, in Polygon, archived from the original on 24 Jun 2018:

text: I ſuppose this æther pervades all groſs bodies, but yet ſo as to ſtand rarer in their pores than in free ſpaces, and ſo much the rarer, as their pores are leſs. And this I ſuppose (with others) to be the cauſe, why light incident on thoſe bodies is refracted towards the perpendicular; […] I ſuppose the rarer æther within bodies, and then denſer without them, not to be terminated in a mathematical ſuperficies, but to grow gradually into one another; […]

ref: 1679 February 28, Thomas Birch, quoting Isaac Newton, “The Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle. [Letter from Isaac Newton to Robert Boyle.]”, in Robert Boyle, The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle. In Five Volumes. To which is Prefixed the Life of the Author, volume I, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], published 1744, →OCLC, page 70:

text: Having ſhewn how the Æther cauſes a great part of the Phænomena of Nature, it may be aſked, whence this general material Cauſe has its great Activity and Power? […] This Cauſe muſt be either Matter or Spirit, there being nothing in the Univerſe, which we know if, beſides theſe two. But this Cauſe cannot be Matter: for Matter is in own Nature inert, and has not any Activity in itſelf; and conſequently cannot communicate any Power to the Æther. And therefore the Cauſe, which gives the Æther its Activity and Power, muſt be Spirit. Spirit, which intercedes the Particles of Æther, and gives them a repulſive Power, and ordains and executes the Laws, by which Æther and Bodies act mutually on one another, muſt be preſent in all Parts of Space, where there is Æther.

ref: 1747, Bryan Robinson, A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, London: Printed for Charles Hitch […], →OCLC; quoted in “Literary Memoirs. A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, by Bryan Robinson, M.D. London, Printed for Charles Hitch, at the Red Lion in Pater-noster-Row, 1747. Containing 140 Pages in Octavo, Exclusive of a Short Preface.”, in The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume III, number XXVIII, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], 11 April 1747, →OCLC, pages 59–60:

text: The whole matter of the univerſe may be divided into atoms and æther. […] The latter, æther, is a ſubtile elaſtic fluid, whoſe particles have a continual tendency to ſeparate or fly off every way, unleſs impreſſed by ſome body: This æther ſurrounds each atom like an atmoſphere, and preſſes equally towards the center of each.

ref: 1770 November 1, “Investigator” [pseudonym], “Of the Causes of Attraction and Repulsion”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XL, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry; and sold by F[rancis] Newbery […], →OCLC, page 497, column 1:

text: "The ether. The earth browses upon a circular path in the fields of space, and as it moves the ether is continually pouring through it and providing its vitality."

ref: 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:

glosses: 廣播電視信號傳播的媒介；（想象中）互聯網、數字交流方式存在之處；網絡空間

text: He held some friendly chat with Pabodie over the ether, and repeated his praise of the really marvelous drills that had helped him make his discovery.

ref: H. P. Lovecraft, At the Mountains of Madness

text: Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

ref: 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama’s Once Hip Brand is Now Tainted [online version: Obama is Like Apple, Google and Facebook: A Once Hip Brand Tainted by Prism]”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, London, archived from the original on 26 Sep 2018, page 18:

glosses: 物體、人、地方周圍產生的一種氣質

text: The luminous æther of his life was not obſcured by any ſhade dark enough to be denominated a defect.

ref: 1793, “[Characters.] An Account of the Late Earl of Mansfield.”, in The Annual Register, or A View of the History, Politics, and Literature, volume XXXV, London: Printed, by assignment from the executors of the late Mr. James Dodsley, for W. Otridge and Son; [et al.], →OCLC, page 274, column 2:

text: But the moſt valuable Qualities of the ÆTHER are it's medicinal ones; it having been found by repeated Experience to be an excellent Remedy in moſt nervous Diſeaſes; particularly in Fits of all ſorts, whether Epileptic, Convulſive, Hyſteric, Hypochondriac, or Paralytic: […]

ref: 1759, M[atthew] Turner, An Account of the Extraordinary Medicinal Fluid, Called Æther, [Liverpool]: Printed by John Sadler, →OCLC, page 5:

text: The only thing that really worried me was the ether. There is nothing in the world more helpless and irresponsible and depraved than a man in the depths of an ether binge.

ref: 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, New York: Popular Library, →ISBN, page 4:

text: M. Malaguti finds that dry chlorine, while acting in the dark upon oxacid æthers, always attacks, and in a uniform manner, the sulphuric æther which is the base of them. […] The action of potash on the compound chloridized æthers is also constant and uniform: the results are always chloride of potassium, acetate of potash, and an organic salt with a base of potash, the acid of which is that which existed in the compound chloridized æther.

ref: 1838 March, “Action of Chlorine on Æthers”, in David Brewster, Richard Taylor, and Richard Phillips, editors, The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, volume XII (3rd Series), number 74, London: Printed by R[ichard] and J[ohn] E[dward] Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 297:

text: When chlorine gas is passed in excess through salicylic ether (salicylae of ethyl) heated over a water-bath, a solid substance is formed which is soluble in hot alcohol, and crystallizes, on cooling, in beautiful colourless tables. This compound is bichloruretted salicylic ether, formed from salicylic ether (C₁₈H₁₀O₆) by the substitution of 2 eq. chlorine for 2 eq. hydrogen: its composition is therefore C₁₈H₈Cl₂O₆.

ref: 1851, A[uguste André Thomas] Cahours, “[Notices of Papers Contained in the Foreign Journals.] On Anisol and Phenetol”, in Henry Watts, editor, The Quarterly Journal of the Chemical Society of London, volume III, London: Hippolyte Bailliere, […]; Paris: J. B. Baillière, […]; Madrid: Bailly Baillière, […], →OCLC, page 78:

text: […] I allude to the æthers formed by the union of fatty acids with different alcohols. […] With regard to the fatty æthers themselves, I prepared them generally by M. Berthelot's method, by heating the alcohol and the acid for a day at 392°F. in a tube hermetically sealed; the product was mixed with a little æther, and it was digested some time with slaked lime in the water-bath, to separate the free acid from the neutral compound.

ref: 1858 October 15, M. Hanhart, “On Some New Æthers of Stearic and Margaric Acids”, in William Francis, editor, The Chemical Gazette, or, Journal of Practical Chemistry, in All Its Applications to Pharmacy, Arts and Manufactures, volume XVI, number CCCLXXXIV, London: Published by Taylor and Francis, […], page 384:

forms:
æther (alternative)
aether (alternative)
aethyr (alternative)
ethyr (archaic alternative)
ethers (plural)

ipa: /ˈiːθə/

ipa: /ˈiθɚ/

rhymes: -iːθə(r)

에테르

roman: etereu

以太

roman: yǐtài


ether

pos: verb

pos_title: 動詞

etymology_texts: 源自2001年美國歌手纳斯的歌曲“Ether”。

text: The battle rapper ethered his opponent and caused him to slink away in shame.

translation: 那個說唱歌手惡毒地羞辱了他的對手一番，整得他溜走了。

text: HS Coach Gets Ethered By Girlfriend On FB, Resigns Amid Investigation [article title] […] On Monday, a woman living in Bowling Green, Ky., used her Facebook page to unleash one of the coldest, boyfriend-crushingest Dear John letters you'll ever read.

ref: 2014 February 26, Tom Ley, “HS Coach Gets Ethered by Girlfriend on FB, Resigns Amid Investigation”, in Deadspin, archived from the original on 22 Oct 2018:

text: Cory Barker: Game of Thrones is the easiest answer for me, but MaryAnn [Sleasman] did a fine job of ethering that overrated hunk of junk, so I'm free to take a few shots at Sherlock.

ref: 2015 August 15, “Pass the Remote: What is a Popular Show Everyone Loves but You Hate?”, in TV.com, archived from the original on 20 Dec 2018:

text: Best of all, [Steven] Soderbergh, a shade queen of our time!!!, slyly ethers James Cameron: […]

ref: 2015 September 15, Kirsten Yoonsoo Kim, “Steven Soderbergh Ethers James Cameron to Promote His Brandy”, in Complex, archived from the original on 19 Sep 2015:

text: On Wednesday, I found myself nodding along vigorously to the latest Kanye West Twitter screed, as this particular iteration included a call for more inclusion at the Grammys and one extremely polite ethering of Macklemore.

ref: 2016 February 25, Rohan Nadkarni, “How does Kanye West Tweet So Fast?: Some Working Theories—because these Rants are Coming at a Record Speed”, in GQ, archived from the original on 28 Feb 2016:

forms:
ethers (third-person singular present)
ethering (present participle)
ethered (past participle)


ether

pos: noun

pos_title: 名詞

glosses: Ether的大小寫替代形式

text: Gas is not ether–it's a separate virtual currency with its own exchange rate against ether.

ref: 2018, Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN:

forms: ether (plural)


ether

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古荷蘭語 ether，來自拉丁語 aethēr，來自古希臘語 αἰθήρ (aithḗr)。

text: De televisieaanbieder gaat digitale televisie via de ether uitzenden.

translation: 电视供应商将无线广播数字电视。

forms: ethers (plural)

rhymes: -eːtər

homophone: eter

kwintessens

sense: 以太 （第五元素）

エーテル

roman: ēteru


ether

glosses: éter的已棄用拼寫 (葡萄牙使用至1911年9月，巴西使用至1920年代)

forms: etheres (plural)


exacerbate

pos_title: 动词

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 exacerbo (“激怒；加劇”)；ex (“出”) + acerbo (“使更加痛苦或恶化”)。

text: The proposed shutdown would exacerbate unemployment problems.

translation: 建议中的关闭将加剧失业问题。

text: Sino-Soviet relations were exacerbated by a border incident on May 9. Beijing charged that thirty Soviet troops, supported by a helicopter and navy boats, crossed the Ussuri River into the Hulin area of Heilongjiang province.

translation: 五月九日的边界事件使中苏关系恶化。北京指控三十名苏联士兵在直升机和海军舰艇的支援下越过乌苏里江进入黑龙江省虎林地区。

ref: 1986，Peter P. Cheng，「1978: The Four Modernizations on the March [1978：四个现代化正在进行中]」，收錄於 Chronology of The People's Republic of China, 1970-1979 [中华人民共和国大事记，1970-1979]，Scarecrow Press, Inc.，→ISBN，→LCCN，→OCLC，395頁：

text:
Liz: It's just with Ed here, it's no wonder I always bring my flat-mates out and then that only exacerbates things.
Shaun: What do you mean?
Liz: Well you guys hardly get on, do you?
Shaun: No, what does "exacerbate" mean?

translation: 活人甡吃

ref: 2004，Simon Pegg，Edgar Wright，Shaun of the Dead [活人甡吃]：

text: The reasons for this growing disconnect are myriad and complex but the situation is exacerbated by the reality that those English players who do smash through our game's "glass ceiling" command radically inflated transfer fees.

translation: 造成这种差距扩大的原因是多种多样且复杂的，但现实情况是，那些突破了英格兰足球“玻璃天花板”的球员需要支付高昂的转会费，这让情况更加恶化。

ref: 2013年 8月20日，Louise Taylor，「English talent gets left behind as Premier League keeps importing [英超联赛不断引进球员，英格兰球员人才被抛在后面]」，收錄於 The Guardian：

forms:
exacerbates (third-person singular present)
exacerbating (present participle)
exacerbated (past participle)

enpr: ĭg-zăs'ər-bāt

ipa: /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbeɪt/

ipa: /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/

ipa: /ɪkˈsæs-/

ipa: /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/

ipa: /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbeɪt/

parts: ex acer bate


exacerbate

glosses: exacerbō 的第二人稱複數現在時主動態命令式

forms: exacerbāte (canonical)


exasperate

etymology_texts: 自拉丁語 exasperō；ex (“出于、彻底”) + asperō (“使粗野，使粗鲁”)，asper (“粗鲁”)。

glosses: 消耗人的耐心，使人生气，使人沮丧，使人烦恼，激怒、使人恼怒。

text: 准备战争。

ref: Prepares for some attempt of war.

forms:
exasperates (third-person singular present)
exasperating (present participle)
exasperated (past participle)

ipa: /ɪɡˈzæsp(ə)ɹeɪt/

ipa: /ɪɡˈzɑːspəɹeɪt/

rhymes: -æspəɹeɪt

parts: ex as per ate


exasperate

glosses: exasperō 的第二人稱複數現在時主動態命令式

forms: exasperāte (canonical)


excessive

pos: adj

pos_title: 形容詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 excessive，excessif，來自古法語 excessif，來自中世紀拉丁語 excessivus。

text: Putting a wide vibrato on a single 16th triplet note at 160 beats per minute seems rather excessive.

forms:
more excessive (comparative)
most excessive (superlative)

ipa: /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-excessive.wav

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-excessive.wav

rhymes: -ɛsɪv

homophone: exessive


expedition

text: Once established in their capital at Nanking, occupied March, 1853, and renamed “Heavenly Capital” (T’ien-ching), the Taipings sent out an expedition to take Peking which again made striking gains initially, but was eventually slowed, isolated, and defeated.

translation: 太平天国于1853年3月占领南京，并将其更名为“天京”。随后，太平天国派出远征军攻打北京，起初取得了显著战果，但最终被拖延、孤立和击败。

ref: 1960，「The Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings [太平天國]」，收錄於 Wm. Theodore de Bary，Wing-tsit Chan，Chester Tan（編纂），Sources of Chinese Tradition [中國傳統之源]，第II卷，New York；London：Columbia University Press，→OCLC，21–22頁：

text: a naval expedition

translation: 海軍遠征

text: a scientific expedition

translation: 科學考察

text: an expedition across the Alps

translation: 穿越阿爾卑斯山的遠征

glosses: 執行協調員任務的流程或活動

text: he presently exerted his utmost agility, and with surprizing expedition ascended the hill.

translation: 他随即使出浑身解数，以惊人的速度登上了山顶。

ref: 1749，Henry Fielding，Tom Jones，Folio Society，1973 出版，331頁：

text: The photographer had photographed, the doctor had certified life extinct, the pathologist had inspected the body in situ as a prelude to conducting his autopsy – all with an expedition quite contrary to the proper pace of things, merely in order to clear the way for the visiting irregular, as the Deputy Assistant Commissioner (Crime and Ops) had liked to call him.

ref: 1979，John Le Carré，Smiley's People，Folio Society，2010 出版，33頁：

forms: expeditions (plural)

ipa: /ɛkspəˈdɪʃən/

rhymes: -ɪʃən


expedition

text: The attendance was given color by the ISO women who graced some of the sessions, attended the social events and expeditioned around the famous spots in Washington and its periphery area.

ref: 1950, Sewage and Industrial Wastes Engineering, volume 21, page 588:

text: I feel uprooted from the vital connections to Salley, to home, stranded with only the mountain and my fellow madmen as company. These thoughts appear like a mirage, a hallucination, a symptom of the schizophrenia of expeditioning.

ref: 1998, Greg Child, Thin Air: Encounters in the Himalayas, page 185:

forms:
expeditions (third-person singular present)
expeditioning (present participle)
expeditioned (past participle)


но

pos: conj

pos_title: 連詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *nъ。

glosses: 用於引出一個詞或短語，該詞或短語對前面的陳述有所補充，並與前面的陳述形成某種對比：但

text: Смята да посети Бостън и Чикаго, но не Ню Йорк.

translation: 他計劃去波士頓和芝加哥，但不去紐約。

roman: Smjata da poseti Bostǎn i Čikago, no ne Nju Jork.

text: Аз не я познавам, но съпругът ми я познава.

translation: 我不認識她，但我丈夫認識。

roman: Az ne ja poznavam, no sǎprugǎt mi ja poznava.

text: Съжалявам, но няма да мога да ти помогна.

translation: 我很抱歉，但我幫不了你。

roman: Sǎžaljavam, no njama da moga da ti pomogna.

text: На края на деня бяхме уморени, но щастливи.

translation: 一天結束時，我們很累，但很開心。

roman: Na kraja na denja bjahme umoreni, no štastlivi.

text: Падна, но не се нарани.

translation: 他摔了一跤，但沒有受傷。

roman: Padna, no ne se narani.

text: Казах му да остане, но той отказа.

translation: 我讓他留下，但他拒絕了。

roman: Kazah mu da ostane, no toj otkaza.

glosses: 用於句首，表示驚訝、惱怒、震驚、不同意等：但是

text: Но това е невъзможно!

translation: 但是這不可能！

roman: No tova e nevǎzmožno!

text: Но ти обеща, че ще ми помогнеш.

translation: 但你答應過會幫我的。

roman: No ti obešta, če šte mi pomogneš.

forms: no (romanization)

ipa: [nɔ]

ipa: [no]

а

roman: a

ала

roman: ala

ама

roman: ama

обаче

roman: obače


но

pos: intj

pos_title: 感嘆詞

etymology_texts: 對照芬蘭語 no、俄語 ну (nu)。


но

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *nъ。

audio: LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-но.wav

rhymes: -ɔ

notes: 這個詞聽起來有點書生氣，通常用“ама”代替。


но

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *nъ，來自原始印歐語 *nu。與英語 now、拉丁語 num (“現在”)、nunc (< *num + ce，“現在”)。

rhymes: -o

notes: но用於描述與另一事物截然不同的事物，而а (a)則用於描述兩個不同但沒有強烈對比的事物。


но

text: Есть ма́ленькое «но́»

translation: 這裡有異議。

roman: Jestʹ málenʹkoje “nó”

text: Никаки́х «но́»!

translation: 沒有但是！

roman: Nikakíx “nó”!


но

etymology_texts: 借自日語 能 (のう, Nō)。


но

тпру

roman: tpru

sense: 等同но́-о-о (nó-o-o)


но

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *no、*nu (俄語 но (no)、ну (nu))，來自原始波羅的-斯拉夫語 (立陶宛語 nu)，來自原始印歐語 *nū (“現在”) (拉丁語 nun-c、古希臘語 νῦν (nûn))。

glosses: 比 (=не̏го, о̏д)

text: бољи него он/бољи од њега

translation: 比他好

text: Изгледаш боље но икад.

translation: 你看起來比以前更好了。

text: Прорачунски мањак Грчке у био је значајно већи но што је влада проц(иј)енила.

translation: 希臘的預算赤字比政府估計的要大得多。

text: Погрешно, но био си доста близу.

translation: 錯誤，但你已經很接近了。

text: Но ос(ј)ећам само срећу.

translation: 但我除了高興還是高興。

text: Текст није савршен, но није ли могао бити бољи?

translation: 文本並不完美，但還能更好嗎？

ipa: /no/


но

forms:
но̑ (canonical)
nȏ (romanization)

ipa: /nôː/


expenditure

glosses: 支出，消費; 花費, 使用,支出額；經費

forms: expenditures (plural)

ipa: /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/

ipa: /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/

ipa: /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/

ipa: /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/

ipa: /ɪkˈspendɪt͡ʃə/

parts: ex pen di ture


по

pos: prep

pos_title: 介詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *po。

glosses: 表示在某一表面上的動作，或受一定界限約束的動作（通常在時間上是持續或重複的），在……上面，在……上，穿過，沿著

text: Вървя по улицата.

translation: 我正走在街上。

roman: Vǎrvja po ulicata.

glosses: 引出針對性動作的對象或與某種狀態相關的動作，在……上，為，對

text: Потупах го по рамото.

translation: 我拍了拍他的肩膀。

roman: Potupah go po ramoto.

text: Ударих го по главата.

translation: 我打中了他的頭。

roman: Udarih go po glavata.

text: Тъгувам по лятото.

translation: 我期盼著夏天的到來。

roman: Tǎguvam po ljatoto.

glosses: 與表示價格或數量的可數名詞連用，表示數量或分配，按，每

text: По евро за книга.

translation: 每本書一歐元。

roman: Po evro za kniga.

text: Двама по двама.

translation: 兩個接兩個地。

roman: Dvama po dvama.

text: Тичам по малко (всеки ден).

translation: 我（每天）跑一點點。

roman: Tičam po malko (vseki den).

text: По обед.

translation: 中午前後。

roman: Po obed.

text: По Коледа.

translation: 聖誕節前後。

roman: Po Koleda.

text: Ходя по чорапи.

translation: 我穿著襪子走路。

roman: Hodja po čorapi.

glosses: 表示方式或手段，通過，乘，搭

text: Пращам го по автобус.

translation: 我通過巴士寄送它。

roman: Praštam go po avtobus.

text: Пращам го по въздушна поща.

translation: 我通過航空郵件寄送它。

roman: Praštam go po vǎzdušna pošta.

text: Говоря по телефона.

translation: 我在講電話。

roman: Govorja po telefona.

glosses: 表示活動或其領域，……的

text: Учител по история.

translation: 歷史老師。

roman: Učitel po istorija.

text: Факултет по физика.

translation: 物理系。

roman: Fakultet po fizika.

text: Съдя го по външността му.

translation: 我以貌取人。

roman: Sǎdja go po vǎnšnostta mu.

text: Работя по усмотрение.

translation: 我是自願工作的。

roman: Rabotja po usmotrenie.

text: Пропуснато е по погрешка.

translation: 因失誤而錯過。

roman: Propusnato e po pogreška.

text: По негова вина закъснях.

translation: 都是因為他的錯，害得我遲到了。

roman: Po negova vina zakǎsnjah.

text: Плувам по течението.

translation: 我正順著水流游泳。

roman: Pluvam po tečenieto.

text: Ходя по пътеката.

translation: 我正沿著小路走。

roman: Hodja po pǎtekata.

forms: po (romanization)

ipa: [pɔ]


по

pos: particle

pos_title: 助詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *pо-。 (可否註明詞源⁽⁺⁾出處？)

glosses: 作為前綴，用於構成形容詞和副詞的比較級，更

text: Корабите са по-бавни от самолетите.

translation: 輪船比飛機更慢。

roman: Korabite sa po-bavni ot samoletite.

text: Този филм е по-интересен.

translation: 這部電影更有趣。

roman: Tozi film e po-interesen.

text: Трябва да ходя по-бързо.

translation: 我應該走快一點。

roman: Trjabva da hodja po-bǎrzo.

forms:
по́- (canonical)
pó- (romanization)

audio: LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-по.wav

rhymes: -pɔ

най

roman: naj

sense: 作為前綴，用於構成形容詞和副詞的比較級，更


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *pо-。 (可否註明詞源⁽⁺⁾出處？)

glosses: 與名詞、動詞等其他詞性連用以構成比較級，更

text: По́ я обичам!

translation: 我更愛她！

roman: Pó ja običam!

text: Той е по́ юнак от теб.

translation: 他比你更稱得上是英雄。

roman: Toj e pó junak ot teb.

glosses: 置於介詞前以構成比較級，更，進一步

text: Областта е по́ на север.

translation: 這個地區在更北邊的地方。

roman: Oblastta e pó na sever.

forms:
по́ (canonical)
pó (romanization)


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *po。

text: Ќе се вратат по вечерата.

translation: 他們晚飯後就會回來。

roman: Ḱe se vratat po večerata.

glosses: 在……上面（在表面上的移動）

text: Одам по улицата.

translation: 我正走在街上。

roman: Odam po ulicata.

text: Влезете еден по еден.

translation: 一個接一個地進去。

roman: Vlezete eden po eden.

text: Два по два е четири.

translation: 二乘二等於四。

roman: Dva po dva e četiri.

text: По тебе, што ќе се случи следно?

translation: 在你看來，接下來會發生什麼？

roman: Po tebe, što ḱe se sluči sledno?

text: Излегува по кратки ракави.

translation: 他穿著短袖出門。

roman: Izleguva po kratki rakavi.

text: Отиде на пазар по пиперки.

translation: 他去市場買胡椒了。

roman: Otide na pazar po piperki.


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *po。和古教會斯拉夫語 по (po)同源。

glosses: [接 與格] 在……上面，沿著，通過

glosses: [接 方位格] 在……之後，跟隨

по

roman: po

па

roman: pa


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 по (po)，繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *po。

text: Когда́ челове́чество перешло́ на еди́ный алфави́т, на́званный лине́йным по отсу́тствию сло́жных зна́ков, фильмова́ние да́же ста́рых книг ста́ло ещё бо́лее просты́м и досту́пным автомати́ческим маши́нам.

translation: 當人類過渡到單一字母表時——因為沒有複雜的符號，它被稱為線性字母表——將舊書拍成膠卷變得更加容易，連自動機器也能輕鬆完成。

roman: Kogdá čelovéčestvo perešló na jedínyj alfavít, názvannyj linéjnym po otsútstviju slóžnyx znákov, filʹmovánije dáže stáryx knig stálo ješčó bóleje prostým i dostúpnym avtomatíčeskim mašínam.

ref: 1958，Иван Ефремов [Ivan Yefremov]，「Глава II. Эпсилон Тукана」，收錄於 Туманность Андромеды，Москва：Молодая гвардия；English translation from George Hanna（譯），Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale，Moscow：Foreign Languages Publishing House，1959：

glosses: 廣泛用於表示動作，通常涉及在表面上或在基本平坦的平面上穿過多個事物的移動；穿過，在……上面，沿著，順著，到處，在……周圍：

text: Тарака́н бе́гал по столу́.

translation: 蟑螂在桌子上跑來跑去。

roman: Tarakán bégal po stolú.

text: Он плыл по реке́.

translation: 他順著河游。

roman: On plyl po reké.

text: Они́ путеше́ствовали по Евро́пе.

translation: 他們在歐洲到處旅行。

roman: Oní putešéstvovali po Jevrópe.

text: Они́ путеше́ствовали по ра́зным города́м.

translation: 他們遊歷了各個城市。

roman: Oní putešéstvovali po ráznym gorodám.

text: Он погла́дил меня́ по щеке́.

translation: 他撫摸我的臉頰。 / 他摸了摸我的臉頰。

roman: On pogládil menjá po ščeké.

text: Они́ уда́рили меня́ по голове́.

translation: 他們打了我的頭。

roman: Oní udárili menjá po golové.

glosses: 用於表示某事物適用的對象、領域或主題；對於，關於，……的（或翻譯為定語名詞後接名詞）

text: Министе́рство по чрезвыча́йным ситуа́циям (МЧС)

translation: 緊急情況部（МЧС）

roman: Ministérstvo po črezvyčájnym situácijam (MČS)

text: руково́дство по шитью́

translation: 縫紉指南

roman: rukovódstvo po šitʹjú

text: рекоменда́ции по устране́нию угро́з

translation: 消除威脅的建議

roman: rekomendácii po ustranéniju ugróz

text: экза́мен по биоло́гии

translation: 生物學考試

roman: ekzámen po biológii

glosses:
[接 與格]
用於表示與某事物的一致、遵守，或基於某事物的判斷；根據，按照，憑

text: су́дя по его́ поведе́нию

translation: 從他的行為來看

roman: súdja po jevó povedéniju

text: Я по́нял э́то по его́ го́лосу.

translation: 我從他的聲音聽出來了。

roman: Ja pónjal éto po jevó gólosu.

text: по пла́ну

translation: 按計畫

roman: po plánu

text: де́йствовать по пра́вилам

translation: 按規則行事

roman: déjstvovatʹ po právilam

text: Он ушёл на пе́нсию по боле́зни.

translation: 他因病退休。

roman: On ušól na pénsiju po bolézni.

text: Аро́н вчера́ опозда́л по рассе́янности.

translation: 阿倫昨天因為心不在焉而遲到了。

roman: Arón včerá opozdál po rasséjannosti.

text: по четверга́м

translation: 每週四

roman: po četvergám

text: по вечера́м

translation: 每天晚上

roman: po večerám

glosses: 在多個對象之間進行分配，或在時間的多個實例中重複時，與數詞連用（與格用於數詞一、一千、一百萬、十億、一萬億等，以及以這些詞結尾的數詞）

text: Я дал ка́ждому челове́ку по двадцати́ одному́ рублю́.

translation: 我給了每人二十一盧布。

roman: Ja dal káždomu čelovéku po dvadcatí odnomú rubljú.

text: Он пла́вал ка́ждый день по ты́сяче ме́тров.

translation: 他每天游一千米。

roman: On plával káždyj denʹ po týsjače métrov.

text: Они́ продаю́т по миллио́ну альбо́мов в год.

translation: 他們每年賣出一百萬張專輯。

roman: Oní prodajút po milliónu alʹbómov v god.

glosses: 在多個對象之間進行分配，或在時間的多個實例中重複時，與數詞連用（無生賓格用於除一、一千、一百萬、十億、一萬億等及其結尾的數詞之外的數詞）

text: Они́ бы́ли разделены́ на гру́ппы по три челове́ка.

translation: 他們被分成了三人一組。

roman: Oní býli razdelený na grúppy po tri čelovéka.

text: Он получа́л по два́дцать пять фу́нтов в неде́лю.

translation: 他每週收到二十五英鎊。

roman: On polučál po dvádcatʹ pjatʹ fúntov v nedélju.

glosses:
[接 賓格]
用於表示作為某動作範圍邊界的事物。

text: Я всади́л в ружьё штык по са́мое ду́ло.

translation: 我把刺刀一直插到了槍管。

roman: Ja vsadíl v ružʹjó štyk po sámoje dúlo.

glosses:
[接 前置格]
用於表示時間或空間邊界；在……之後，在……時

text: по прие́зде/прибы́тии

translation: 到達時

roman: po prijézde/pribýtii

text: по истече́нии полуго́да

translation: 六個月後

roman: po istečénii polugóda

glosses:
[接 前置格]
合……的心意

text: по нём

translation: 合他的心意

roman: po njóm

glosses:
[接 前置格或與格]
用於表示沉思、渴望、哀悼的對象；為，對

text: Он горева́л по моём отсу́тствии.

translation: 他為我的缺席而感到悲傷。

roman: On gorevál po mojóm otsútstvii.

text: Они́ сходи́ли по нём с ума́.

translation: 他們為他瘋狂。

roman: Oní sxodíli po njóm s umá.

text: Я скуча́ю по тебе́.

translation: 我想你。

roman: Ja skučáju po tebé.

forms:
po (romanization)
по̑л (alternative)

ipa: [pə]

ipa: [pɐ]

ipa: [ˈpo]

согла́сно

roman: soglásno

sense: [接 與格] 用於表示與某事物的一致、遵守，或基於某事物的判斷；根據，按照，憑

из-за

roman: iz-za

sense: [接 與格] 用於表示某事的原因，通常是不希望發生的（參見 из-за (iz-za) 的用法說明）；由於，因為，出於

ка́ждый

roman: káždyj

sense: [接 與格] 與時間（通常是一天中的某個時間或星期幾）連用，表示有規律的重複；在每……，每（或翻譯為複數名詞）

до

roman: do

sense: [接 賓格] 用於表示作為某動作範圍邊界的事物。

по́сле

roman: pósle

sense: [接 前置格] 用於表示時間或空間邊界；在……之後，在……時

по ме́ре того́ как

roman: po mére tovó kak

notes: 當與數詞搭配使用表示分配的含義時，應注意以下幾點：任何相關名詞的格遵循常規的數詞格規則。這意味著當使用與格時完全一致（по одному́ вопро́су (po odnomú voprósu)），當使用賓格時使用屬格單數或複數（取決於最後一個數字）（по три вопро́са (po tri voprósa)、по семь вопро́сов (po semʹ voprósov)）。 搭配 два (dva)、три (tri) 和 сто (sto)（但不包括以這些數字結尾的數詞）時，重音可以選擇落在 по 上：Я дал им по́ два / по два́ рубля́. ― Ja dal im pó dva / po dvá rubljá. ― 我給了他們每人兩盧布。


по

pos: adv

pos_title: 副詞

etymology_texts: 源自 пол，源自原始斯拉夫語 *polъ。參見 по-。

text: сат и по

translation: 一個半小時

text: четири и по

translation: 四點半

text: чов(ј)ек и по

translation: 非常優秀的人

forms:
по̑ (canonical)
pȏ (romanization)

ipa: /pôː/


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *po，繼承自原始印歐語 *h₂(e)po。

glosses: 為了得到，以獲取 [接 賓格]

text: отићи по мл(иј)еко

translation: 去拿牛奶

text: по ц(иј)ели дан

translation: 一整天

text: по шести пут

translation: 第六次

text: бити штетан по некога/нешто

translation: 對某人/某事有害

text: добро/лоше по њега

translation: 對他好/壞

glosses: 在……上面，穿過，在……裡面 [接 方位格]

text: ударити по глави

translation: 擊中頭部

text: сн(иј)ег је пао по цести

translation: 雪落在路上

text: вода се пролила по поду

translation: 水灑在地板上

text: шетати по шуми

translation: 在樹林裡散步

glosses: 通過，經由（使用媒介或中介） [接 方位格]

text: Послао сам му пакет по заједничком пријатељу.

translation: 我通過共同的朋友給他寄了一個包裹。

text: по зраку/води

translation: 經由空運/水路

glosses: 根據，按照 [接 方位格]

text: све иде по плану

translation: 一切都按照計劃進行

text: Америка је прва држава по богатству у св(иј)ету.

translation: 美國是世界上最富有的國家。

text: по глави становника

translation: 人均

text: жив(ј)ети по принципима

translation: 按照原則生活

text: по мом(е) мишљењу

translation: 依我來看

text: по мом рачуну

translation: 根據我的估計

text: по мени

translation: 在我看來；就我而言

text: свирати по слуху

translation: 憑聽力演奏，見機行事

text: судити по вањштини

translation: 以貌取人

glosses: 在……之後 [接 方位格]

text: по свршетку сукоба

translation: 在衝突結束之後

glosses: 在……期間 [接 方位格]

text: по киши/сунцу

translation: 在雨中/在陽光下

text: по дану

translation: 在白天

glosses: 用於各種短語結構中的雜項含義 [接 方位格]

text: разум(иј)е се (само) по себи

translation: 不言而喻

text: нека буде по твоме

translation: 隨你的便

text: једнак по величини

translation: 大小相等

text: све је по старом

translation: 一切如常

text: по обичају

translation: 如常，按習慣

text: по вр(иј)едности

translation: 在價值上

text: по свој прилици

translation: 十有八九，很有可能

text: по роду

translation: 生來，自出生起

text: по нарави/природи

translation: 本質上

text: по тој ц(иј)ени

translation: 以此價格

text: по параграфу 13

translation: 根據第13條

text: по што по то

translation: 一定，務必

text: по могућности

translation: 如果可能的話

text: по реду

translation: 依次，一個接一個地

text: по мом укусу

translation: 合我的口味

text: по квалитети

translation: 以質量

text: по томе

translation: 據此，因此

text: по закону

translation: 根據法律，依法

text: по дуљини

translation: 縱向

forms:
по̏ (canonical)
pȍ (romanization)

ipa: /pô/


по

glosses: (+ 賓格或主格) 表示分配與接連；每，各

text: Попили смо сви по чашицу ракије.

translation: 我們每個人都喝了一小杯拉基亞酒。

text: корак по корак

translation: 一步一步地

text: један по један

translation: 一個接一個地

text: трипут по сату

translation: 每小時三次

text: Cви смо добили по јабуку.

translation: 我們每個人都收到了一個蘋果。


по

pos: pron

pos_title: 代詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始突厥語 *bu(-n) (“這個”)。對照古突厥語 𐰉𐰆 (bu，“這個”)。

forms:
po (romanization)
пой (alternative)


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自古典波斯語 پَا (pā)。

ipa: /po/

ipa: [pʰɔ]


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始薩莫耶德語 *poəj。


по

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 по (po)，繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *po。

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示發生動作的物理對象，或表示某事發生的空間。

text: По столі́ розки́дані ру́чки.

translation: 筆散落在桌子上。

roman: Po stolí rozkýdani rúčky.

text: По мі́сті ді́є коменда́нтська годи́на.

translation: 這座城市正在實行宵禁。

roman: Po místi díje komendántsʹka hodýna.

glosses: 接方位格 向……的方向

text: йти вниз по ріці́

translation: 順著河流向下

roman: jty vnyz po ricí

text: плисти́ по ві́трі

translation: 順著風航行

roman: plystý po vítri

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示動作所執行的直接對象。

text: Мене́ вда́рили по голові́.

translation: 我頭上挨了一擊。

roman: Mené vdáryly po holoví.

text: Він зи́ркає по на́товпі час від ча́су.

translation: 他不時掃視著人群。

roman: Vin zýrkaje po nátovpi čas vid čásu.

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示被哀悼的某人或某事。

text: По ньо́му пла́кала вся Украї́на.

translation: 全烏克蘭都在為他哀悼。

roman: Po nʹómu plákala vsja Ukrajína.

glosses: 接方位格 在……之後

text: Пам'ята́й, си́нку: по те́мній но́чі завжди́ настає́ сві́тлий ра́нок.

translation: 記住，兒子：黑夜過後總會迎來明亮的早晨。

roman: Pamʺjatáj, sýnku: po témnij nóči zavždý nastajé svítlyj ránok.

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示某人或某物的消失、無法修復的損壞或死亡。

text: Ку́хлик ви́слизнув з мої́х рук і по ньо́му ста́ло!

translation: 馬克杯從我手中滑落，摔碎了！

roman: Kúxlyk výslyznuv z mojíx ruk i po nʹómu stálo!

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示動作發生的時間範圍。

text: по яскра́вому мі́сяці

translation: 當明月（升起）時

roman: po jaskrávomu mísjaci

text: по ночах

translation: 在夜裡

roman: po nočax

glosses: 接方位格 一個接一個，接連

text: годи́на по годи́ні

translation: 一小時接一小時

roman: hodýna po hodýni

text: пи́во по пи́ві

translation: 一杯啤酒接一杯啤酒

roman: pývo po pývi

glosses: 接方位格 與時間名詞連用表示某物的年齡

text: Йому́ було́ по шо́стому ро́ці коли́ він пішо́в до шко́ли.

translation: 他上學時是六歲。

roman: Jomú buló po šóstomu róci kolý vin pišóv do škóly.

glosses: 接方位格 通過，經由

text: бабу́ся по ма́тері

translation: 外祖母

roman: babúsja po máteri

text: по ба́тькові

translation: 父名

roman: po bátʹkovi

text: това́риш по шко́лі

translation: 校友

roman: továryš po škóli

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示執行動作所憑藉的物體。

text: підня́тися по моту́зці

translation: 順著繩子爬

roman: pidnjátysja po motúzci

text: транслюва́ти по ра́діо

translation: 在廣播中播放

roman: transljuváty po rádio

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示得出結論的理由。

text: По її́ поведі́нці мо́жна було́ зрозумі́ти, що щось не так.

translation: 從她的行為可以看出有些不對勁。

roman: Po jijí povedínci móžna buló zrozumíty, ščo ščosʹ ne tak.

text: Не суди́ кни́жку по обкла́динці.

translation: 不要以貌取人。

roman: Ne sudý knýžku po obkládynci.

glosses: 接方位格 與某些名詞連用以構成插入語。

text: Це, по су́ті, відве́рта брехня́.

translation: 這本質上就是一個徹頭徹尾的謊言。

roman: Ce, po súti, vidvérta brexnjá.

text: Він, по ща́сті, зміг утекти́.

translation: 幸運地是，他成功逃脫了。

roman: Vin, po ščásti, zmih utektý.

glosses: 接方位格 每，各

text: Дай усі́м ді́тям по цуке́рці.

translation: 給所有的孩子每人一顆糖。

roman: Daj usím dítjam po cukérci.

glosses: 接方位格 長達（一段時間）

text: Лю́ди ви́мушені чека́ти по ти́жні, аби отри́мати ї́жу.

translation: 人們被迫等待長達一週的時間才能獲得食物。

roman: Ljúdy výmušeni čekáty po týžni, aby otrýmaty jížu.

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示在特定時間內行進的距離。

text: Мандрівники́ прохо́дять по п'ятна́дцать кіломе́трів на годину

translation: 旅行者每小時行進十五公里。

roman: Mandrivnyký proxódjatʹ po pʺjatnádcatʹ kilométriv na hodynu

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示動作的目的。

text: Івасько́ прийшо́в до ньо́го по ді́лу.

translation: 伊萬斯科來找他是為了辦事。

roman: Ivasʹkó pryjšóv do nʹóho po dílu.

glosses: 接方位格 用於表示動作的原因。

text: Ми по ду́рості забу́ли ви́мкнути пра́ску вдо́ма.

translation: 我們出於愚蠢，忘記關家裡的熨斗了。

roman: My po dúrosti zabúly výmknuty prásku vdóma.

glosses: 接賓格 與方位名詞連用以表示方向

text: по пра́ву ру́ку

translation: 向右邊

roman: po právu rúku

text: по лі́ву сто́рону

translation: 向左側

roman: po lívu stóronu

glosses: 接賓格 直至

text: по колі́на

translation: 到膝蓋

roman: po kolína

glosses: 接賓格 用於表示作為動作目標的對象

text: Треба́ піти́ до крамни́ці по хліб.

translation: 我們需要去商店買點麵包。

roman: Trebá pitý do kramnýci po xlib.

text: Гайда́ візьме́м сачки́ та й по мете́лики!

translation: 我們拿上捕蟲網去抓蝴蝶吧！

roman: Hajdá vizʹmém sačký ta j po metélyky!

glosses: 接賓格 直到

text: Я коха́тиму тебе́ по смерть!

translation: 我會愛你直到死亡！

roman: Ja koxátymu tebé po smertʹ!

text: Міст буду́ється по сей день.

translation: 這座橋至今仍在建設中。

roman: Mist budújetʹsja po sej denʹ.

glosses: 接賓格 用於表示根據某人的意願或要求完成的動作。

text: Сашко́ ро́бить усе́ по його́.

translation: 薩沙按他的意願做了一切。

roman: Saškó róbytʹ usé po johó.

glosses: 接賓格 用於表示數量。

text: Не тре́ба мені́ повто́рювати по де́сять разі́в!

translation: 你不必對我重複十次！

roman: Ne tréba mení povtórjuvaty po désjatʹ razív!

text: Ко́жному дали́ по кількана́дцять гри́вень.

translation: 每個人都收到了十幾格里夫納。

roman: Kóžnomu dalý po kilʹkanádcjatʹ hrývenʹ.

glosses: 接賓格 用於表示某物的價格。

text: З глу́зду з'ї́хали! Прода́ють я́йця по 80 гри́вень дю́жина!

translation: 他們瘋了！雞蛋竟然賣八十格里夫納一打！

roman: Z hlúzdu zʺjíxaly! Prodájutʹ jájcja po 80 hrývenʹ djúžyna!

пі́сля

roman: píslja

sense: 接方位格 在……之後

notes: 在標準的書面烏克蘭語中，По 不與與格連用。然而，受俄語的影響，一些母語者在口語甚至書面語中可能會使用與格代替方位格；不過這種用法被認為是不正確的。


тут

etymology_texts:
來自原始突厥語 *tōt (“鏽”)。
與哈薩克語 тот (tot)、南阿爾泰語 тат (tat)、吉爾吉斯語 дат (dat)、克里米亞韃靼語 tot (“鏽”)等同源。

text: Һеҙ хазинаны күктә йыйығыҙ: унда көйә лә ҡырҡмай, тут та баҫмай, ҡараҡтар ҙа инеп урламай.

translation: 在天空中收集寶藏：在那裡，飛蛾不會相交，鐵鏽不會腐蝕，盜賊也不會進入偷竊。

roman: Heð xazinanï küktä yïyïğïð: unda köyä lä qïrqmay, tut ta baθmay, qaraqtar ða inep urlamay.

forms: tut (romanization)

ipa: [tut]


тут

etymology_texts: 來自波斯語 توت (tut)。


тут

forms:
tut (romanization)
тутъ (alternative)


тут

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 туто (tuto)、тутъ (tutŭ，“這裡；那裡；同此”)、ту (tu，“這裡；那裡；同此”)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *tuto、*tu。

text: ту́т же

translation: 隨即

roman: tút že

rhymes: -ut

здесь

roman: zdesʹ


тут

etymology_texts: 經由突厥語族來自波斯語 توت (tut)。

forms:
tut (romanization)
ту́та (genitive)
ту́ты (nominative plural)
ту́тов (genitive plural)
ту́товый (relational adjective)
ту́та (alternative)

ту́товое де́рево

roman: šelkóvíca

sense: 桑葚 （果實或樹）

ту́товый

roman: tútovyj

ту́то́вник

roman: tútóvnik

ту́то́вница

roman: tútóvnica

туто́вка

roman: tutóvka


тут

glosses: ту́та (túta) 的屬格複數


тут

etymology_texts: 借自波斯語 توت (tut)。


тут

etymology_texts: 對照波斯語 توت (tut)。

тут

roman: tut


тут

etymology_texts: 來自古東斯拉夫語 туто (tuto)、тутъ (tutŭ，“這裡；那裡；同此”)、ту (tu，“這裡；那裡；同此”)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *tuto、*tu。

text: то тут, то там

translation: 這裡和那裡

roman: to tut, to tam


тут

etymology_texts: 經由突厥語族，來自波斯語 توت (tut)。

forms:
tut (romanization)
ту́та (genitive)
ту́ти (nominative plural)
ту́тів (genitive plural)

шовко́ви́ця

roman: šovkóvýcja

sense: 桑葚


тут

etymology_texts: 來自塔吉克語 тут (tut)。


тут

etymology_texts: 來自原始突厥語 *tut- (“抓牢”)，對照土耳其語 tutmak。

text: эргимтэтэ тут

translation: 作一個圓

roman: ergimtete tut

text: квадратта тут

translation: 作一個正方形

roman: kvadratta tut

транспортир

roman: transportir

sense: 量角器


expound

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 expounden，源自古法語 espondre，源自拉丁語 exponere。英語 expose 的同源對似詞。

glosses: 详细解释，阐释，阐述，详述

glosses: 发表声明，说明 （一般指很长的声明）

text: He expounded often on the dangers of the imperial presidency.

translation: 他经常讲述帝王总统的危险性。

text: Fowler was also interested in metallurgy and the use of new materials that could withstand greater stresses, something he expounded on when giving his presidential address to the new Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1927.

ref: 2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques: Evesham (1870)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 59:

forms:
expounds (third-person singular present)
expounding (present participle)
expounded (past participle)

ipa: /ɪkˈspaʊnd/

ipa: /ɛkˈspaʊnd/

rhymes: -aʊnd

spell out

sense: 详细解释，阐释，阐述，详述


exterior

glosses:
adj. 外部的，外表的，外交的，对外的
m. 外表，外国
pl. (电影的)外景==葡萄牙語==
外面；外部的，外部


external

forms:
more external (comparative)
most external (superlative)

ipa: /ɛksˈtɝnəl/

ipa: /ɪksˈtɝnəl/

ipa: /əksˈtɝnəl/

ipa: /ɪksˈtɜːnəl/

ipa: /əksˈtɜːnəl/

ipa: /ɛksˈtɜːnəl/

rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl

parts: ex ter nal


extraordinary

etymology_texts: 派生自拉丁語 extrāōrdinārius，來自extrā ōrdinem。字面分析等同於extra- + ordinary。英語 extraordinaire 的同源對似詞。

text: Except in extraordinary circumstances, […]

forms:
more extraordinary (comparative)
most extraordinary (superlative)

ipa: /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/

ipa: /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/

ipa: /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/

ipa: /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/

parts: ex traor di na ry


extraterrestrial

pos_title: 形容词

forms:
more extraterrestrial (comparative)
most extraterrestrial (superlative)

parts: ex tra ter res tri al


extraterrestrial

pos_title: 名词

forms: extraterrestrials (plural)


extremely

text: The National Center for Health Statistics' latest data indicate that quintuplets are extremely rare, with 66 reported sets of five or more babies in 2013.

translation: 全國衛生統計中心的最新數據顯示，五胞胎十分罕見，2013年全年只有66例一胎出產五個及以上嬰兒的案例。

ref: 2015年 4月14日，「America's First All-Girl Quintuplets Born in Texas Hospital [德州醫院誕生美國首例全女五胞胎]」，收錄於 Time：

forms:
extreamely (alternative)
extreamly (obsolete alternative)
more extremely (comparative)
most extremely (superlative)

ipa: /ɪksˈtɹiːmli/


бумага

etymology_texts: 不明確。法斯麦尔假設存在一種更早的形式，古東斯拉夫語 *бубага (*bubaga)從中異化而成的бума́га (bumága)，或許是俄語 бума́жный (bumážnyj) 的逆構詞。相信其源頭來自於中古波斯語 pmbk' (“棉花”)，通過一些地中海地區指稱原棉和/或是布的詞彙（很有可能是意大利語 bambagia），因為15世紀和16世紀對這個詞根的首次證實大多是現在已經過時的意義，唯一殘存下來的現代常用詞彙為хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj，“由棉花製成”)。紙張最早是在14世紀從意大利國家和拜佔庭帝國進口到俄羅斯的。

forms:
бума́га (canonical)
bumága (romanization)
бума́ги (genitive)
бума́ги (nominative plural)
бума́г (genitive plural)
бума́жный (relational adjective)
бума́жка (diminutive)

ipa: [bʊˈmaɡə]

фотобума́га

roman: fotobumága

туале́тная бума́га

roman: tualétnaja bumága

хлопча́тая бума́га

roman: xlopčátaja bumága

пымме

roman: pymm’e


кино

forms:
ки́но (canonical)
kíno (romanization)

ipa: [ˈkino]


кино

etymology_texts: 來自俄語 кино́ (kinó)。

forms:
kino (romanization)
кинош (plural)


кино

etymology_texts: 來自俄語 кино́ (kinó)，來自德語 Kino。

forms: kino (romanization)


кино

etymology_texts: 來自俄語 кино́ (kinó)。

forms:
kino (romanization)
كئنو


кино

etymology_texts: 來自俄語 кино́ (kinó)。

text: Тэр кино үзнэ.

translation: 他去看電影。

roman: Ter kino üzne.

кинотеатр

roman: kinoteatr


кино

etymology_texts: 俄語 кинемато́граф (kinematógraf，“電影藝術”) 的截斷形式或德語 Kino。

text: звуково́е кино́

translation: 有聲電影

roman: zvukovóje kinó

forms:
кино́ (canonical)
kinó (romanization)
кино́шный (relational adjective)

ipa: [kʲɪˈno]

киноактёр

roman: kinoaktjór

киноактри́са

roman: kinoaktrísa

киноарти́ст

roman: kinoartíst

киноателье́

roman: kinoatɛlʹjé

киножурна́л

roman: kinožurnál

кинозвезда́

roman: kinozvezdá

кинокарти́на

roman: kinokartína

киноле́нта

roman: kinolénta

киноопера́тор

roman: kinooperátor

киноплёнка

roman: kinopljónka

кинорежиссёр

roman: kinorežissjór

киносеа́нс

roman: kinoseáns

киносмо́тр

roman: kinosmótr

киносцена́рий

roman: kinoscenárij

киносъёмка

roman: kinosʺjómka

кино́шник

roman: kinóšnik

кинотеа́тр

roman: kinoteátr

кинохро́ника

roman: kinoxrónika

notes: 該詞一般是不變格的，但有時會以戲謔和口語化的方式出現（屬格單數кина́ (kiná)、屬格複數кин (kin)、前置格複數ки́нах (kínax)等），尤其是片語кина́ не будет (kiná ne budet，“派對結束，演出結束”，字面意思是“這裡即將要沒有電影”)，其通過1971年蘇聯時期的電影《未來紳士（Джентльмены удачи）》而廣為流傳。

կինո

roman: kino

კინო

roman: ḳino

кӣна

roman: kīna

кино

roman: kïno

киинэ

roman: kiine


кино

etymology_texts: 來自俄語 кино́ (kinó)，кинемато́граф (kinematógraf，“電影藝術”)的截斷和/或源自德語 Kino。

forms: kïno (romanization)

ipa: /kʰiˈnɔ/


тихо

forms:
ти́хо (canonical)
tího (romanization)

ipa: [ˈtixo]

audio: LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-тихо.wav

rhymes: -ixo


тихо

glosses: тих (tih) 的不定中性單數


тихо

forms:
tiho (romanization)
потихо (comparative)
најтихо (superlative)

ipa: [ˈtixɔ]


тихо

forms:
ти́хо (canonical)
tíxo (romanization)
(по)ти́ше (comparative)
тихо́нько

ipa: [ˈtʲixə]

потихо́ньку

roman: potixónʹku

потихо́нечку

roman: potixónečku


тихо

pos_title: 表語

text: На мо́ре ти́хо.

translation: 大海風平浪靜。

roman: Na móre tíxo.

forms:
ти́хо (canonical)
tíxo (romanization)


тихо

glosses: ти́хий (tíxij) 的短語中性單數


тихо

forms:
ти̏хо (canonical)
tȉho (romanization)

ipa: /tîxo/

parts: ти хо


дым

etymology_texts:
起源未知。
與韃靼語 дым (dım，“潮濕，濕氣”)、哈薩克語 дым (dym，“潮濕，濕氣”)、諾蓋語 дым (dım，“潮濕，濕氣”)、庫梅克語 дым (dım，“潮濕”)、南阿爾泰語 тым (tïm，“無聲”)同源，可能也和烏茲別克語 dim (“堵塞，難以呼吸”)相關。

forms: dïm (romanization)

ipa: [dɯ̞m]

дымлы

roman: dïmlï

sense: 濕的，潮濕的

дымланыу

roman: dïmlanïw

sense: 變濕


дым

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *dymъ，來自原始印歐語 *dʰuh₂mós (“煙”)。

forms:
dym (romanization)
ды́му (genitive)
дымы́ (nominative plural)
дымо́ў (genitive plural)

ipa: [dɨm]


дым

text: Іщі ани не встиг вшыток дым підняти ся на Київ

translation: 基輔的煙霧不多

roman: Išči any ne vstyh všŷtok dŷm pidnjaty sja na Kyjiv

forms: dŷm (romanization)


дым

forms:
dım (romanization)
дымъ (alternative)

сув

roman: bawuq

sense: 濕的

къуру

roman: quru


дым

glosses: 中古羅斯的應課稅家庭單位

forms:
dym (romanization)
ды́ма (genitive)
дымы́ (nominative plural)
дымо́в (genitive plural)
ды́мный (relational adjective)
дымово́й (relational adjective)
дымо́к (diminutive)

audio: Ru-дым .ogg

rhymes: -ɨm

дыми́ть

roman: dymítʹ

ды́мка

roman: dýmka

ды́мный

roman: dýmnyj

дымо́к

roman: dymók

дымохо́д

roman: dymoxód

ды́мчатый

roman: dýmčatyj


опыт

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 опытъ (opytŭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *opytъ，來自*opytati，來自*ob- + *pytati (“詢問，檢查”)。

forms:
о́пыт (canonical)
ópyt (romanization)
о́пыта (genitive)
о́пыты (nominative plural)
о́пытов (genitive plural)

ipa: [ˈopɨt]

на́вык

roman: návyk

sense: 經驗

о́пытный

roman: ópytnyj

подо́пытный

roman: podópytnyj


peninsula

forms:
peninsulas (plural)
peninsulae (plural)

homophone: peninsular


этот

pos: det

pos_title: 限定詞

etymology_texts: 前綴э- (e-) + тотъ (tot)，19世紀開始取代сей (sej)。對照梵語 एतद् (etad)。

glosses: 近側指示形容詞或代詞：這個

forms:
э́тотъ (alternative)
э́тот (canonical)
étot (romanization)

ipa: [ˈɛtət]

сей

roman: sej

sense: 近側指示形容詞或代詞：這個

поэ́тому

roman: poétomu

тот

roman: tot


поэт

etymology_texts: 借自法語 poète，來自拉丁語 poēta，自身來自古希臘語 ποιητής (poiētḗs)。

forms:
поэ́т (canonical)
poét (romanization)
поэ́та (genitive)
поэ́ты (nominative plural)
поэ́тов (genitive plural)
поэте́сса (feminine)

ipa: [pɐˈɛt]

ipa: [poˈɛt]

audio: Ru-поэт (o).ogg

ли́рик

roman: lírik

sense: 詩人


поэтом

glosses: поэ́т (poét) 的工具格單數

forms:
поэ́том (canonical)
poétom (romanization)

ipa: [pɐˈɛtəm]

ipa: [poˈɛtəm]


май

etymology_texts:
來自原始突厥語 *bań (“脂肪”)。
與韃靼語 май (may)、哈薩克語 май (mai)、吉爾吉斯語 май (may)、維吾爾語 ماي (may，“油、奶油、油脂”)同源。

text: Симешкә майы

translation: 葵花籽油

roman: Simeškä mayï

text: Балыҡ майы

translation: 魚油

roman: Balïq mayï

forms:
may (romanization)
maj (alternative)

ipa: /mɑj/

май шәм

roman: may šäm

sense: 蠟燭


май

text: у/ў ма́і

translation: 在五月

roman: u/ŭ mái

forms:
maj (romanization)
ма́я (genitive)
ма́і (nominative plural)
ма́яў (genitive plural)
ма́йскі (relational adjective)

ipa: [maj]

тра́вень

roman: trávjenʹ

sense: 五月


май

etymology_texts:
月份名稱

 前：
 апри́л (apríl)

 後：
 ю́ни (júni)

forms:
maj (romanization)
ма́йски (relational adjective)

audio: LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-май.wav

rhymes: -aj


май

text: Май че не е така.

translation: 我很懼怕。

roman: Maj če ne e taka.

glosses: 在所有可能性，可能性當中

text: Май че ще вали.

translation: 可能會下雨。

roman: Maj če šte vali.

forms: maj (romanization)

изглежда

roman: izgležda

вероятно

roman: verojatno


май

forms:
mai (romanization)
майлар (nominative plural)

майлылық

roman: mailylyq

майшы

roman: maişy

майхана

roman: maixana


май

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 май (maj)。

ipa: /ˈmaj/

ipa: [ˈmäj]

ода кора

roman: oda kora


май

etymology_texts: 與韃靼語 май (may)、哈薩克語 май (mai)、巴什基爾語 май (may)、維吾爾語 ماي (may，“油、奶油、油脂”)。

forms:
may (romanization)
ماي


май

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 май (maj)。


май

etymology_texts: 與希努赫語 мии (mii)和奇納魯格語 ми (mi)同族。


май

etymology_texts: 與布都赫語 меъел (meʔel)同族。


май

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 май (maj)。

forms: may (romanization)


май

etymology_texts: 借自古教會斯拉夫語 маи (mai)來自中古希臘語 Μάϊος (Máïos)，來自拉丁語 māius、Maia（大概）來自原始印歐語 *magya (“偉大的她”)，來自原始印歐語 *mégh₂s (“偉大”)。

text: в ма́е

roman: v máje

text: в ма́е э́того го́да

roman: v máje étovo góda

text: в ма́е про́шлого го́да

translation: 去年五月

roman: v máje próšlovo góda

text: в ма́е бу́дущего го́да

translation: 明年五月

roman: v máje búduščevo góda

text: до ма́я

translation: 五月之間

roman: do mája

text: с ма́я по дека́брь

translation: 從五月到十二月

roman: s mája po dekábrʹ

text: к ма́ю

translation: 到五月

roman: k máju

text: пе́рвое ма́я

translation: 五月初

roman: pérvoje mája

text: пе́рвого ма́я

translation: 在五月初

roman: pérvovo mája

text: 1-го ма́я 2010 г.

roman: 1-vo mája 2010 g.

text: 1.V.2010 г.

forms:
maj (romanization)
ма́я (genitive)
ма́и (nominative plural)
ма́ев (genitive plural)
ма́йский (relational adjective)

май

roman: māj

май

roman: maj

май

roman: may


май

glosses: ма́ять (májatʹ) 的第二人稱單數命令式非完整體


май

text: в ма́ю

roman: v máju


май

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 май (maj)。


май

etymology_texts: 來自原始突厥語 *bań。與哈薩克語 май (mai)、吉爾吉斯語 май (may)、克里米亞韃靼語 may、庫梅克語 май (may)、韃靼語 май (may)、烏茲別克語 moy等同源。

сары май

roman: sarï may

јуу

roman: ǰuu


май

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 май (maj)。


май

etymology_texts: 來自原始突厥語 *bań (“脂肪”)。

forms:
may (romanization)
may (Latin character)


май

etymology_texts: 來自原始突厥語 *bań (“脂肪”)。


май

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 май (maj)。

forms:
may (romanization)
майны (definite accusative)
майлар (plural)

ipa: /maj/

беш ай

roman: bäš ay

sense: 第五個月


fabricate

etymology_texts: < 拉丁語 fabricātus——fabricor 的完成被动分词、fabricō （“建造”） < fabrica （“建筑”）。 另见 fabric、forge 及法语 fabrique。

forms:
fabricates (third-person singular present)
fabricating (present participle)
fabricated (past participle)


fabricate

glosses: fabricō 的第二人稱複數現在時主動態命令式

forms: fabricāte (canonical)


facility

pos: unknown

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]設施；設備
* [简:自由软体]工具
* 简体: 设施[信息科技]
* 正體: 設施，設備[計算機]
* 正體: 設施，設備[電子計算機]


Fahrenheit

etymology_texts: 源自德語 Fahrenheit，以普鲁士科学家Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit命名。

text: For example, in the Fahrenheit scale 212°F is the boiling point of water.

ref: 2021, Claire Cock-Starkey, Hyphens & Hashtags, Bodleian Library, page 142:

ipa: /fɑːɹənˈhaɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Fahrenheit.wav

Celsius

sense: 华氏


Fahrenheit

etymology_texts: 以普鲁士科学家Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit命名。该姓氏罕有记载，来源不详，据词形分析为fahren (“驾驶”) + 后缀-heit。

forms: Fahrenheit (genitive)

ipa: /ˈfaːʁənhaɪ̯t/

parts: Fah ren heit


familiar

glosses: 熟悉的；通晓的；亲密的，交情好的。


familiar

glosses:
adj. 家庭的，朴素的，通俗的
m. 亲属==葡萄牙語==
熟悉的


мой

etymology_texts: 來自原始斯拉夫語 *mojь。

forms: moj (romanization)

ipa: [moj]


мой

etymology_texts: 來自原始斯拉夫語 *mojь。

glosses: 我的 (第一人稱單數所有格限定詞/代詞)

ipa: [mɔj]


мой

etymology_texts: 來自原始芬蘭-彼爾姆語 *maja。


мой

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *mojь。

text: по-мо́ему

translation: 1) 按照我的意思；2)我觉得；我认为；依我看

roman: po-mójemu

text: не по мое́й ча́сти

translation: 与我无关，不關我的事

roman: ne po mojéj části

text: «Моя́ Москва́»

translation: 我的莫斯科

roman: “Mojá Moskvá”

text: Таки́х маши́н, как комба́йн, в моё вре́мя не́ было.

translation: 像联合收割机这样的机器，在我年轻的时候是没有的。

roman: Takíx mašín, kak kombájn, v mojó vrémja né bylo.

rhymes: -oj


мой

glosses: мыть (mytʹ) 的第二人稱單數命令式非完整體


fare

glosses: 成功（或不成功、更好等）

forms:
fares (third-person singular present)
faring (present participle)
fared
fared (past participle)
faren (past participle)

ipa: /fɛə(ɹ)/

ipa: /feɚ/

ipa: /fɛɹ/

rhymes: -ɛə(r)

homophone: fair


fare

forms:
fàre (canonical)
fàccio (first-person singular present)
féci (first-person singular past historic)
fàtto (past participle)
facévo (first-person singular imperfect)
fài
fà'
avére (auxiliary)

rhymes: -are


fare

glosses: for 的第二人稱單數現在時主動態命令式 “你说吧，你讲吧”


fare

etymology_texts: 繼承自鄂圖曼土耳其語 فاره，派生自阿拉伯語 فَأْرَة (faʔra)。詞義「滑鼠」意譯自英語 mouse。

forms:
fareyi
fareler (plural)

ipa: /faːɾe/

sıçan

sense: 鼠，老鼠


бой

etymology_texts: 來自原始斯拉夫語 *bojь。

glosses: 毆打、痛打、鞭打、鞭打、剝皮、敲打、打架、打拳、抽打

glosses: 戰鬥、戰鬥、戰鬥、行動、交戰、拉架、鬥爭

forms:
boj (romanization)
бо́ен (relational adjective)

ipa: [bɔj]

audio: LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-бой.wav

rhymes: -ɔj


бой

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *bojь，來自原始印歐語 *bʰoyh₂ós，來自*bʰeyh₂- (“敲打、砍伐”)。與бить (bitʹ，“敲打”)同源，以及典型的印歐名詞性 o-ablaut。

text: рукопа́шный бой

translation: 徒手打鬥

roman: rukopášnyj boj

forms:
boj (romanization)
бо́я (genitive)
бои́ (nominative plural)
боёв (genitive plural)
боево́й (relational adjective)

ipa: [boj]

бата́лия

roman: batálija

бие́ние

roman: bijénije

би́тва

roman: bítva

борьба́

roman: borʹbá

матч

roman: matč

оско́лки

roman: oskólki

поеди́нок

roman: pojedínok

разбитие

roman: razbitije

раскалывание

roman: raskalyvanije

сраже́ние

roman: sražénije

схва́тка

roman: sxvátka

черепки́

roman: čerepkí

бить

roman: bitʹ

боево́й

roman: bojevój

боёк

roman: bojók

бое́ц

roman: bojéc

бо́йня

roman: bójnja

бойцовский

roman: bojcovskij

бойцо́вый

roman: bojcóvyj

дальнобо́йщик

roman: dalʹnobójščik


бой

text: Сначало старший бой принёс горячий, рассыпчатый, душистый рис. Лесли положил на тарелку порядочную порцию. Потом другой бой принёс два блюда с судочками с разными соусами- соус из раковых шеек, соус из рыбы, соус из яиц с томатом, соус из кусочков рублённого мяса, очень противный желтый соус из корня кёрри и соус из какой-то зелени вроде стручков.

roman: Snačalo staršij boj prinjós gorjačij, rassypčatyj, dušistyj ris. Lesli položil na tarelku porjadočnuju porciju. Potom drugoj boj prinjós dva bljuda s sudočkami s raznymi sousami- sous iz rakovyx šejek, sous iz ryby, sous iz jaic s tomatom, sous iz kusočkov rubljónnovo mjasa, očenʹ protivnyj želtyj sous iz kornja kjórri i sous iz kakoj-to zeleni vrode stručkov.

ref: 1916, P. D. Ouspensky, Разговоры с дьяволом:

forms:
boj (romanization)
бо́я (genitive)
бо́и (nominative plural)
бо́ев (genitive plural)


бой

etymology_texts: 與吉爾吉斯語 бой (boy，“生長”)同源。

forms: boy (romanization)


favorite

glosses: favori 的過去時副詞形被動分詞

ipa: /favorˈite/

rhymes: -ite


feces

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 faecēs，faex (“殘渣，渣滓”)的主格複數。

forms:
faeces (alternative)
fæces (alternative)

ipa: /ˈfiːsiːz/

rhymes: -iːsiːz

dung

sense: 動物的糞便

notes: 本詞接動詞複數或單數均可("feces have a strong smell"；"feces has a strong smell")。用動詞複數更常見（尤其英式），有些詞典只認可接動詞複數，有些則單複數均認可。


feeble

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 feble，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 feble (“弱的”)（对比法語 faible），源自拉丁語 flēbilis (“哭泣的，哀伤的”)。英語 foible 的同源對似詞。

text: Though she appeared old and feeble, she could still throw a ball.

translation: 虽然她看起来已老态龙钟，但还是有力气可以扔个球。

text: France were transformed from the feeble, divided unit that had squeaked past Wales in the semi-final, their half-backs finding the corners with beautifully judged kicks from hand, the forwards making yards with every drive and a reorganised Kiwi line-out beginning to malfunction.

ref: 2011 October 23, Tom Fordyce, “2011 Rugby World Cup final: New Zealand 8-7 France”, in BBC Sport:

text: That was a feeble excuse for an example.

translation: 比如那就是个站不住脚的借口。

forms:
feebler (comparative)
feeblest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfiːbəl/

rhymes: -iːbəl

weak

sense: 虚弱的

faint

sense: 缺少热情的


feeble

forms:
feebles (third-person singular present)
feebling (present participle)
feebled (past participle)


feminine

glosses: feminin 的原级自然阳性定形。


домой

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 домови (domovi)、домовь (domovĭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *domovi，是*domъ (“家”)的u-詞幹與格單數。

text: Мне пора́ домо́й

translation: 我是時候該回家了。

roman: Mne porá domój

forms:
домо́й (canonical)
domój (romanization)

ipa: [dɐˈmoj]

дом

roman: dom

дома

roman: doma


домой

glosses: домыть (domytʹ) 的第二人稱單數命令式


Китай

pos: name

pos_title: 專有名詞

etymology_texts: 來自俄語 Китай (Kitaj)，來自古東斯拉夫語 Китаи (Kitai)，與吉爾吉斯語 Кытай (Kıtay)、卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語 Къытай (Qıtay)、烏茲別克語 Xitoy、土庫曼語 Hytaý和漢語 契丹 (Qìdān)、英語 Cathay等同源。

glosses: 中國（位於東亞的地區和國家）

forms: Kitaj (romanization)


Китай

etymology_texts: 與俄語 Кита́й (Kitáj)同源。

glosses: 中國（位於東亞的地區和國家）

forms:
Кита́й (canonical)
Kitáj (romanization)
кита́йски (relational adjective)

ipa: [kiˈtaj]

audio: LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-Китай.wav

кита́ец

roman: kitáec

кита́йка

roman: kitájka

кита́йски

roman: kitájski


Китай

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 Китаи (Kitai)，來自突厥語族，源頭來自古突厥語 [需要文字] (Qïtaǰ，“契丹”)，來自契丹語 𘱿𘲫 (qid-ún) Khita(n)，原指的是9至13世紀統治中國東北地區、蒙古以至中亞的契丹人（遼朝、西遼）。與哈薩克語 Қытай (Qytai)、吉爾吉斯語 Кытай (Kıtay)、卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語 Къытай (Qıtay)、烏茲別克語 Xitoy、土庫曼語 Hytaý (“中國”)和漢語 契丹 (Qìdān)、英語 Cathay等同源。

glosses: 中國（位於東亞的地區和國家）

text: в Кита́е

translation: 在中國

roman: v Kitáje

text: в Кита́й

translation: 到中國

roman: v Kitáj

text: из Кита́я

translation: 來自中國

roman: iz Kitája

forms:
Кита́й (canonical)
Kitáj (romanization)
Кита́я (genitive)
Кита́и (nominative plural)
Кита́ев (genitive plural)
кита́йский (relational adjective)

ipa: [kʲɪˈtaj]

Поднебе́сная

roman: Podnebésnaja

sense: 中國（位於東亞的地區和國家）

кита́ец

roman: kitájec

китая́нка

roman: kitajánka

кита́йский

roman: kitájskij

китаеве́дение

roman: kitajevédenije

Кита́йская Наро́дная Респу́блика

roman: Kitájskaja Naródnaja Respúblika

Кита́йская Респу́блика

roman: Kitájskaja Respúblika

Китай

roman: Kitaj

Китай

roman: Kitay


Китай

etymology_texts: 與俄語 Кита́й (Kitáj)同源。

glosses: 中國（位於東亞的地區和國家）

forms:
Кита́й (canonical)
Kytáj (romanization)
Кита́ю (genitive)
кита́йський (relational adjective)

ipa: [keˈtai̯]

audio: LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-Китай.wav

кита́єць

roman: kytájecʹ

китая́нка

roman: kytajánka

кита́йський

roman: kytájsʹkyj


Китай

etymology_texts: 源自俄語 Кита́й (Kitáj)。

glosses: Кытай (Kıtay，“中國”)的另一種寫法

text: Кытай Дьон Республиката

translation: 中華人民共和國

roman: Kıtay Con Respublikata

text: Кытай Республиката

translation: 中華民國

roman: Kıtay Respublikata

forms: Kitay (romanization)

китай тыла

roman: kitay tıla

sense: 漢語

китай

roman: kitay

sense: 華人


мать

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 мати (mati)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *mati，來自原始波羅的-斯拉夫語 *mā́ˀtē，來自原始印歐語 *méh₂tēr，英語 mother和梵語 मातृ (mātṛ)也從此處。

forms:
ма́ти (obsolete alternative)
matʹ (romanization)
ма́тери (genitive)
ма́тери (nominative plural)
матере́й (genitive plural)

ipa: [matʲ]

rhymes: -atʲ

ма́ма

roman: rodítelʹnica

sense: 母親

матерщи́на

roman: materščína

ма́терный

roman: máternyj

матери́ться

roman: materítʹsja

обматери́ть

roman: obmaterítʹ

крёстная мать

roman: krjóstnaja matʹ

приёмная мать

roman: prijómnaja matʹ

в чём мать родила́

roman: v čóm matʹ rodilá

ёб твою́ мать

roman: jób tvojú matʹ

ку́зькина ма́ть

roman: kúzʹkina mátʹ

ма́терин

roman: máterin

матери́нский

roman: materínskij

матери́нство

roman: materínstvo

ма́чеха

roman: máčexa


конь

etymology_texts:
詞源樹
原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь
古盧森尼亞語 конь (konʹ)
白俄羅斯語 конь
繼承自古盧森尼亞語 конь (konʹ)， 源自原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь。

forms:
koń (Latin character alternative)
konʹ (romanization)
каня́ (genitive)
ко́ні (nominative plural)
ко́ней (genitive plural)
ко́нны (relational adjective)

ipa: [konʲ]


конь

forms:
кон҄ь (canonical)
konʹĭ (romanization)


конь

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь。

text: рекоу же· оуꙁда коневи правитель ѥсть и въꙁдьржаниѥ·

translation: 但我說：韁繩對馬來說是牽引也是限制。

roman: reku že· uzda konevi pravitelĭ jestĭ i vŭzdĭržanije·

ref: 1076，Sviatoslav's izbornik，第3頁：

forms:
konĭ (romanization)
коньнъ (relational adjective)
коньскъ (relational adjective)

комонь

roman: komonĭ

конь

roman: konʹ

кѡнь

roman: kônʹ

кӱнь

roman: künʹ

кінь

roman: kinʹ

кунь

roman: kunʹ

кюнь

roman: kjunʹ

parts: ко нь


конь

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь。

text: подъ нимъ конь сивъ, а другий конь на поводе

roman: pod nim konʹ siv, a druhij konʹ na povode

text: за конꙗ албо за кобылу три рꙋбли грошеⸯ

roman: za konja albo za kobylu tri rubli hrošej

forms: konʹ (romanization)


конь

etymology_texts:
詞源樹
原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь
古斯洛伐克語 kóň
潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語 конь
繼承自古斯洛伐克語 kóň， 源自原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь。

forms:
konʹ (romanization)
конїк (diminutive)
конко
коньски (relational adjective)

ipa: [ˈkɔɲ]

rhymes: -ɔɲ

notes: 不規則方位格形式 коньове (konʹove) 僅與運動動詞一起使用，例如 исц (isc) 或 шедлац (šedlac)，像是 идзе на коньови (idze na konʹovi) 或者 идзе на коньове (idze na konʹove，“他騎馬”)。


конь

etymology_texts:
詞源樹
原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь
古東斯拉夫語 конь (konĭ)
俄語 конь
繼承自古東斯拉夫語 конь (konĭ)， 源自原始斯拉夫語 *kòňь。

text: Конь ски́нул седока́.

translation: 那匹馬將騎手甩開。

roman: Konʹ skínul sedoká.

forms:
konʹ (romanization)
коня́ (genitive)
ко́ни (nominative plural)
коне́й (genitive plural)
ко́нный (relational adjective)
ко́нский (relational adjective)
конёк (diminutive)
ко́ник (diminutive)
коня́шка (diminutive)

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush (Reda Kerbouche)-конь.wav

ло́шадь

roman: sívka

sense: 馬；雄馬

по ко́ням

roman: po kónjam

дарёному коню́ в зу́бы не смо́трят

roman: darjónomu konjú v zúby ne smótrjat

коне́й на перепра́ве не меня́ют

roman: konéj na perepráve ne menjájut

word: куда конь с копы́том, туда́ и рак с клешнёй

roman: kuda konʹ s kopýtom, tudá i rak s klešnjój

от рабо́ты ко́ни до́хнут

roman: ot rabóty kóni dóxnut

notes: 雖然 конь (konʹ) 有時可指任何性別的馬，但該詞使用時帶有陽剛高貴的氣質，與文體上中性的 ло́шадь (lóšadʹ) 不同。


день

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 дьнь (dĭnĭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *dьnь (“天”)。對照白俄羅斯語 дзень (dzjenʹ)、烏克蘭語 день (denʹ)、保加利亞語 ден (den)、梵語 दिन (dina)。

text: в де́нь

translation: 每天

roman: v dénʹ

text: ве́сь де́нь

translation: 整天

roman: vésʹ dénʹ

text: де́нь за днём

translation: 日復一日

roman: dénʹ za dnjóm

text: де́нь ото дня́

translation: 天天

roman: dénʹ oto dnjá

text: де́нь рожде́ния

translation: 生日

roman: dénʹ roždénija

text: днём

translation: 白天

roman: dnjom

text: и́зо дня́ в де́нь

translation: 一天天

roman: ízo dnjá v dénʹ

text: на дня́х

translation: 幾天前

roman: na dnjáx

text: на э́тих дня́х

translation: 每一天

roman: na étix dnjáx

text: рабо́чий де́нь

translation: 工作天

roman: rabóčij dénʹ

text: в 3 часа́ дня́

translation: 在下午三點鐘

roman: v 3 časá dnjá

text: в 7 часо́в дня́

translation: 在晚上七點鐘

roman: v 7 časóv dnjá

forms:
denʹ (romanization)
дня (genitive)
дни (nominative plural)
дней (genitive plural)
дневно́й (relational adjective)
денёк (diminutive)

ipa: [dʲenʲ]

rhymes: -enʲ

днёвка

roman: dnjóvka

дневни́к

roman: dnevník

су́тки

roman: sútki

sense: 二十四小時，一天

ночь

roman: nočʹ

sense: 天，日；白天


день

etymology_texts: 請參閲主詞條的词源章節。

glosses: деть (detʹ) 的第二人稱單數命令式完整體

forms: denʹ (romanization)


день

etymology_texts: 來自古東斯拉夫語 дьнь (dĭnĭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *dьnь (“天”)。與白俄羅斯語 дзень (dzjenʹ)、俄語 день (denʹ)、保加利亞語 ден (den)、梵語 दिन (dina)同源。

forms:
denʹ (romanization)
дня (genitive)
дні (nominative plural)
днів (genitive plural)

ipa: [dɛnʲ]

ніч

roman: nič


статья

forms:
статья́ (canonical)
statʹjá (romanization)
статьи́ (genitive)
статьи́ (nominative plural)
стате́й (genitive plural)
стате́йка (diminutive)

ipa: [stɐˈtʲja]


яма

etymology_texts: 來自古東斯拉夫語 ꙗма (jama)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *jama。

forms:
я́ма (canonical)
jáma (romanization)
я́мы (genitive)
я́мы (nominative plural)
ям (genitive plural)

ipa: [ˈjama]


яма

etymology_texts: 來自原始斯拉夫語 *ama，發生 *j- 的增音。

forms:
я́ма (canonical)
jáma (romanization)
я́мен (relational adjective)
я́мичка (diminutive)

ipa: [ˈja̟mɐ]

audio: LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-яма.wav

rhymes: -amɐ

ров

roman: dúpka

sense: 坑，地洞，溝

трап

roman: vdlǎbnatiná

sense: 凹地，窪地


яма

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 ꙗма (jama)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *jama。

forms:
я́ма (canonical)
jáma (romanization)
я́мы (genitive)
я́мы (nominative plural)
ям (genitive plural)
я́мочный (relational adjective)
я́мка (diminutive)
я́мочка (diminutive)

ipa: [ˈjamə]

оркестро́вая я́ма

roman: orkestróvaja jáma


яма

etymology_texts: 源自梵語 यम (yama)。

forms:
я́ма (canonical)
jáma (romanization)


яма

glosses: ям (jam) 的屬格單數


яма

etymology_texts: 來自古東斯拉夫語 ꙗма (jama)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *jama。

forms:
я́ма (canonical)
jáma (romanization)
я́ми (genitive)
я́ми (nominative plural)
ям (genitive plural)
я́мка (diminutive)

ipa: [ˈjamɐ]


юный

etymology_texts: 借自古教會斯拉夫語 юнъ (junŭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *junъ，來自原始波羅的-斯拉夫語 *jauˀnás，來自原始印歐語 *h₂yuh₁en-。取代繼承自古東斯拉夫語 унъ (unŭ)、оунъ (unŭ)的詞彙。

forms:
ю́ный (canonical)
júnyj (romanization)
(по)юне́е (comparative)
(по)юне́й (comparative)

ipa: [ˈjunɨj]

юне́ц

roman: junéc

юннат

roman: junnat

ю́ность

roman: júnostʹ

ю́ноша

roman: júnoša


семья

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 сѣмиꙗ (sěmija，“家庭，一家人；丈夫，妻子”)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *sěmьja。

forms:
семья́ (canonical)
semʹjá (romanization)
семьи́ (genitive)
се́мьи (nominative plural)
семе́й (genitive plural)
семе́йный (relational adjective)
семе́йка (diminutive)

ipa: [sʲɪˈm⁽ʲ⁾ja]

семе́йство

roman: seméjstvo

sense: 家庭

семе́йственность

roman: seméjstvennostʹ

семьяни́н

roman: semʹjanín


съезд

forms:
съѣздъ (alternative)
с’езд (alternative)
sʺjezd (romanization)
съе́зда (genitive)
съе́зды (nominative plural)
съе́здов (genitive plural)

ipa: [sjest]

homophone: съест

roman: sʺjest

го́рка

roman: górka

скат

roman: skat

вы́езд

roman: výjezd

ра́мпа

roman: rámpa

слёт

roman: sljot

съезжание

roman: sʺjezžanije

езда́

roman: jezdá

съезжий

roman: sʺjezžij

съездовский

roman: sʺjezdovskij

съезжа́ть

roman: sʺjezžátʹ

съе́хать

roman: sʺjéxatʹ

съезжа́ться

roman: sʺjezžátʹsja

съе́хаться

roman: sʺjéxatʹsja

съе́здить

roman: sʺjézditʹ

е́здить

roman: jézditʹ

сийиэс

roman: siyies


пять

pos: num

pos_title: 數詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自古東斯拉夫語 пѧть (pętĭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *pętь，源頭來自原始印歐語 *pénkʷe。與英語 five、德語 fünf、意大利語 cinque、法語 cinq、希臘語 πέντε (pénte)、波斯語 پَنج (pænj)、梵語 पञ्च (pañca)同源。

forms: pjatʹ (romanization)

ipa: [pʲætʲ]

пя́теро

roman: pjátero

впятеро

roman: vpjatero

впятером

roman: vpjaterom

пятимиллионный

roman: pjatimillionnyj

пятитысячный

roman: pjatitysjačnyj

пятисотый

roman: pjatisotyj

пятна́дцать

roman: pjatnádcatʹ

пятьдеся́т

roman: pjatʹdesját

пятьсо́т

roman: pjatʹsót

пята́к

roman: pjaták

пятачо́к

roman: pjatačók

пятёрка

roman: pjatjórka

пятиконечный

roman: pjatikonečnyj

пятиле́тний

roman: pjatilétnij

пятиле́тка

roman: pjatilétka

пятиминутка

roman: pjatiminutka

пятиуго́льник

roman: pjatiugólʹnik

notes: пять (pjatʹ) 在使用主格和賓格時，後接的名詞用屬格複數形式。在使用其他語法格時，後接的名詞則使用對應格的複數形式。

notes: пять ма́льчиков ― pjatʹ málʹčikov ― 五個男孩

notes: с пятью́ ма́льчиками ― s pjatʹjú málʹčikami ― 和五個男孩

notes: ма́льчиков пять ― málʹčikov pjatʹ ― 大概有五個男孩

notes: пятьдеся́т пять книг ― pjatʹdesját pjatʹ knig ― 五十五本書


пять

etymology_texts: 請參閲主詞條的词源章節。

glosses: пя́тить (pjátitʹ) 的第二人稱單數命令式非完整體


пять

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古烏克蘭語 пять (pjatʹ)、пѧть (pjatʹ)，來自古東斯拉夫語 пѧть (pętĭ)，來自原始斯拉夫語 *pętь (“五”)。對照烏克蘭語 п'ять (pʺjatʹ)，

text: Дакому стачіть лем раз пояснити, і такой розумить, а дакому пять раз, і так не розумить.

translation: 有些人只需解釋一次就會明白，但有的人即使解釋五次以上他也不會理解。

roman: Dakomu stačitʹ lem raz pojasnyty, i takoj rozumytʹ, a dakomu pjatʹ raz, i tak ne rozumytʹ.


ferry

forms: ferries (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɛɹi/

ipa: /ˈfɛɹɪ/

ipa: /ˈfeɹi/

rhymes: -ɛɹi

homophone: fairy

parts: fer ry


fetch

enpr: fĕch

ipa: /fɛtʃ/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fetch.wav

rhymes: -ɛtʃ


fetch

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fetch.wav


fetus

etymology_texts: < 拉丁語 fētus （“后代”）。

forms:
fetuses (plural)
fetus (plural)
feti (plural)
fetii (plural)

ipa: /ˈfiːtəs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foetus.wav

rhymes: -iːtəs


fetus

glosses: 肥沃的，丰产的，结果实的，富饶的

forms:
fētus (canonical)
fēta (feminine)
fētum (neuter)

raw_tags: ；第一/第二類變格形容詞


fetus

glosses: 后代，后裔，产物；幼雏，幼芽

forms:
fētus (canonical)
fētūs (genitive)


fetus

forms:
fétus (canonical)
фе́тус

ipa: /fěːtus/

parts: fe tus


filter

forms: filters (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɪltə/

ipa: /ˈfɪltɚ/

rhymes: -ɪltə(ɹ)

homophone: philter


filter

forms:
filters (third-person singular present)
filtering (present participle)
filtered (past participle)


filtrate

glosses: filtri 的現在時副詞形被動分詞

ipa: /filˈtrate/


finite

glosses: fini 的過去時副詞形被動分詞


fist

forms:
fists (third-person singular present)
fisting (present participle)
fisted (past participle)

enpr: fĭst

ipa: /fɪst/

rhymes: -ɪst


flatten

ipa: /ˈflætən/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-flatten.wav

rhymes: -ætən


flea

forms:
fleas (plural)
fleen (plural)

ipa: /fliː/

rhymes: -iː


flora

glosses:
f. 植物(总体)，植物志==葡萄牙語==
植物群


fluoroscopy

glosses: 荧光屏检查；X 射线透视检


foam

forms: foams (plural)

enpr: fōm

ipa: /foʊm/

ipa: /fəʊm/

rhymes: -əʊm


foam

forms:
foams (third-person singular present)
foaming (present participle)
foamed (past participle)


folk

glosses: [名词] 民，人民，老百姓


forfeit

glosses: 丧失的东西；没收物;罚金；丧失

forms: forfeits (plural)

rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)fɪt


formal

glosses:
adj. 表面上的，形式的，正式的==葡萄牙語==
形式的


formulate

glosses: formuli 的現在時副詞形被動分詞


formulate

glosses:
用公式表示；把．．．化成公式；系统地阐述
或提出
* 正體: 寫成公式[電子計算機]


fortnight

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 fourtenight、fourten night，繼承自古英語 fēowertīene niht (“十四夜、十四天”)，等價於 fourteen + night。對照 sennight。

text: On being kicked the girl fell desperately in love with Henri, and for a fortnight they lived together and spent a thousand francs of Henri's money.

ref: 1933年 1月9日，George Orwell [筆名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair]，第1章，收錄於 Down and Out in Paris and London，London：Victor Gollancz […]，→OCLC：

text: The “lame duck” Johnson Administration, in its final fortnight in office, grappled last week with a diplomatic hot potato in the form of the latest Soviet proposal for a “just and lasting” Middle East peace settlement.

ref: 1969 January 12, Benjamin Welles, “A Hot Potato for Nixon”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

forms:
fortnite (alternative)
fortnights (plural)

ipa: [ˈfɔ˞ʔ.nɐɪ̯t̚]

ipa: [ˈfɔəʔ.nɐjʔ]

audio: EN-AU ck1 fortnight.ogg

rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)tnaɪt


fraternity

etymology_texts:
原始印歐語詞
 *bʰréh₂tēr
繼承自中古英語 fraternite，來自古法語 fraternité，來自拉丁語 frāternitās。

forms: fraternities (plural)

ipa: /fɹəˈtɜː(ɹ)nəti/


fry

pos: symbol

pos_title: 符號

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示West Frisian。


fry

pos_title: 動詞

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fryen，借自古法語 frire，源自拉丁語 frīgō (“炸”)，源自原始印歐語 *bʰer-。同源於古希臘語 φρύγω (phrúgō，“烤”)，梵語 भृज्जति (bhṛjjati，“烤”)，भृग् (bhṛg)。替換中古英語 hirsten，源自古英語 hierstan (“to fry”)。

enpr: frī

ipa: /fɹaɪ/

rhymes: -aɪ


fry

pos_title: 名詞

forms: fries (plural)

chip

sense: 炸土豆


fry

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 frie (“小魚，後代”)


fulminate

pos_title: 动词

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 fulminātus，fulminō (“照亮，（雷电）劈”)的过去分词，源自fulmen (“引起着火的雷电”)，源自早期形式*fulgmen、*fulgimen，源自fulgeō、fulgō (“闪，照亮”)。英語 fulmine 的同源對似詞。详见fulgent。

glosses: 以...斥责，以...责备，以...批评，以...谴责

text: They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees.

text: the present owners couldn't afford the electric bills anymore, several amateur gaffers, sad to say, having already been fulminated trying to bootleg power in off the municipal lines.

ref: 2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage 2010, p. 235:

forms:
fulminates (third-person singular present)
fulminating (present participle)
fulminated (past participle)

ipa: /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/

ipa: /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/

ipa: /-əneɪt/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fulminate.wav

berate

sense: 责备


fulminate

glosses: 雷酸化合物（盐或酯等，多有爆炸性）

text: On 19 February a jubilant Bigeard announced that his 3rd R.P.C. had seized eighty-seven bombs, seventy kilos of explosive, 5,120 fulminate of mercury detonators, 309 electric detonators, etc.

ref: 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, p. 193:

forms: fulminates (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fulminate.wav


fulminate

glosses:
fulminare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數現在時直陳式

glosses:
fulminare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數命令式


furious

pos_title: 形容詞

forms:
more furious (comparative)
most furious (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfjʊə.ɹɪəs/

rhymes: -ʊəɹiəs

parts: fu ri ous


furnace

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 forneys，源自古法語 fornais（法語 fournaise），源自拉丁語 fornāx。

text: Plans for the next phase include furnaces capable of inert atmospheres and partial vacuums.

text: HVAC services include furnace maintenance.

glosses: 蒸笼 （比喻很热的地方）

text: The busy kitchen became a sweltering furnace.

translation: 繁忙的厨房变成了一个闷热的烤炉。

text: forged in the furnace of fierce competition

translation: 在残酷的竞争中得到了历练

text: For that heroic band—those children of the furnace who, in regions like Texas and Tennessee, maintained their fidelity through terrible trials—we of the North felt for them, and profoundly we honor them.

ref: 1866, Herman Melville, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, Supplement:

forms: furnaces (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɝnɪs/

ipa: /ˈfɜːnɪs/

rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nɪs

word: there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

heater

sense: 中央供暖系统


furnace

forms:
furnaces (third-person singular present)
furnacing (present participle)
furnaced (past participle)


fuss

forms:
fusses (third-person singular present)
fussing (present participle)
fussed (past participle)

ipa: /fʌs/

rhymes: -ʌs


galactic

etymology_texts: 借自古希臘語 γαλακτικός (galaktikós)，來自 γάλα (gála)。英語 galactico 的同源對似詞。

forms:
more galactic (comparative)
most galactic (superlative)

ipa: /ɡəˈlæktɪk/

rhymes: -æktɪk


galaxy

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 galaxye、galaxie，源自古法語 galaxie，源自拉丁語 galaxias，源自古希臘語 γαλαξίας (galaxías，“银河系”)，源自γάλα (gála，“奶”)。

text: So may thy cheekes red outweare scarlet dye, / And their white, whitenesse of the Galaxie [...].

ref: 1633，約翰·多恩，Sapho to Philænis：

date: 自14世纪

date: 自19世纪

glosses: 群星，群星荟萃 （显赫的人物组成的团队等）

glosses: 星系图案，星系图样 （黑色背景下多种颜色混合构成的图案）

text: Her walls and ceiling were covered with galaxy wallpaper; it was like stepping into space.

ref: 2016, Reyna Young, Hanover Falls, page 42:

text: Her nerdy glasses sat perched on her face, and she wore a May the Force Be With You T-shirt with a black lace skirt, galaxy leggings, and a pair of white Star Wars Vans.

ref: 2017, Rebekah L. Purdy, Incriminating Dating:

text: She hurriedly said that she found an^([sic]) faded galaxy blanket. She loved galaxy patterned things.

ref: 2018, Isabel Scheck, Survival, page 15:

forms:
Galaxy (alternative)
galaxies (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡaləksi/

ipa: /ˈɡæləksi/

G

sense: 天文学


galaxy

glosses: 给...布置星系，使...充满星系

text:
In dazzling light expands the mighty Dome:
Mirror of Heaven,—but Heaven when she doth wear
All galaxied with Stars her flashing hair!

ref: 1838, John Edmund Reade, Italy: a poem, in six parts, page 138:

text:
To be dwarfed in a galaxied sky,
doming, arcing, and revolving over
The little space I briefly occupy.

ref: 2018, Adrian G. R. Scott, “A Canticle to Creatureliness” in A Night Sea Journey:

text: Let all their Vertues then be Galaxied into this one indiſtinct Luſtre, they were Faithful Servants of Chriſt, and Sufferers for their being ſo.

ref: 1702, Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana, book 3, part 4 (“Remains: or, Shorter Accounts of Sundry Divines”), chapter 1 (“Remains of the Firſt Claſſis”), page 213:

text: How dazzling must their brightness be when they are galaxied in a single bosom!

ref: 1844, Horace Smith, Arthur Arundel: A Tale of the English Revolution, volume 1, page 172:

forms:
Galaxy (alternative)
galaxies (third-person singular present)
galaxying (present participle)
galaxied (past participle)


gang

glosses: [名词] 时间，时刻，时候


garlic

etymology_texts: 早期寫法garlick、garlicke，來自中古英語 garlek、garlik，來自古英語 gārlēac (“大蒜”，字面意思是“矛-韭蔥”)，來自gār (“矛”，指蒜瓣) + lēac (“韭蔥”)。與低地蘇格蘭語 garlic (“大蒜”)同源。

text: Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

ref: 2013年 3月23日，David S. Senchina，「Athletics and Herbal Supplements」，收錄於 American Scientist，101卷，第2期，134頁：

forms:
garlick (alternative)
garlicke (archaic alternative)
garlics (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɑːlɪk/

enpr: gärˈlĭk

ipa: /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/

rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)lɪk


garlic

forms:
garlick (alternative)
garlicke (archaic alternative)
garlics (third-person singular present)
garlicking (present participle)
garlicked (past participle)


garlic

glosses: garlek的另一種寫法


gastric

ipa: /ˈɡæstɹɪk/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gastric.wav


gastrointestinal

text: Avian pox viruses (Poxviridae), are chordopoxviruses that infect domestic and wild game birds including hawks, seagulls, parrots, canaries, pigeons, hawks and fowl, causing cutaneous, respiratory and gastrointestinal lesions in their host [17 ].

ref: 2015 December 15, “Retroviral DNA Sequences as a Means for Determining Ancient Diets”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

text: She has always struggled with her gastrointestinal health, and when she started to have symptoms similar to those of colorectal cancer, she called her primary care physician, who referred her to a gastroenterologist, who ordered a colonoscopy. She did not have cancer.

ref: 2023 May 26, Jacqueline Howard and Kyla Russell, “As colorectal cancer rises among younger adults, some seek colonoscopies earlier”, in CNN:

ipa: /ˌɡæstɹəʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/

ipa: /ˌɡæstɹoʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/


gastrointestinal

forms: gastrointestinals (masculine feminine plural)


gastrointestinal

forms: gastrointestinaler (strong nominative masculine singular)

ipa: [ˌɡastʁoʔɪntɛstiˈnaːl]

rhymes: -aːl


gastrointestinal

rhymes: -nal

rhymes: -al

rhymes: -l

gastrousus

sense: 胃腸的，腸胃的

parts: gas tro in tes ti nal


gastrointestinal

forms: gastrointestinais (plural)


gastrointestinal

forms:
gastrointestinală (feminine singular)
gastrointestinali (masculine plural)
gastrointestinale


gastrointestinal

forms: gastrointestinales (masculine feminine plural)

ipa: /ɡastɾointestiˈnal/


gelatin

etymology_texts: 借自法語 gélatine (“果凍，凝膠”)，來自意大利語 gelatina (“果凍，凝膠”)，來自gelare (“凍結”)，來自拉丁語 gelō (“凍結”)。

text: For both images I placed a Kodak 4.0 neutral-density gelatin filter over the lens to reduce the Sun's brightness.

ref: 2010 April, Frank Zullo, “Imaging Prehistoric Sunrises”, in Astronomy, volume 38, number 4, page 50:

forms:
gelatine (alternative)
gelatins (plural)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛlətɪn/

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛlətiːn/


gelatin

forms:
gelatine (alternative)
gelatins (third-person singular present)
gelatining (present participle)
gelatined (past participle)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛlətɪn/


gelatin

forms:
gelatinen (definite singular)
gelatinet (definite singular)


genial

glosses: adj. 性情的，性格的，天才的


genital

glosses:
adj. 生殖的==葡萄牙語==
生殖的


genuine

glosses: genuin 的原级自然阳性定形。


genus

etymology_texts: 源自 拉丁語 genus，源自 拉丁語 gignere， 古拉丁語 gegnere

forms:
genera (plural)
genuses (plural)
genusses (plural)
genii (plural)

enpr: jēn’-əs

enpr: jĕn’-əs

ipa: /ˈdʒiːnəs/

ipa: /ˈdʒɛnəs/

rhymes: -iːnəs


germinate

text: the Chalcites, which hath a Spirit that will put forth and germinate

ref: 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

text: Orchids rely on fungi to reproduce. Their tiny seeds don't have any on-board nutrients (like beans and apples) and will not germinate until they are infected by a symbiotic fungus which supplies them with food. Known as a protocorm, this tiny orchid-fungus ball grows, turns green and eventually starts to photosynthesise.

ref: 2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:

text: […] The flesh [of the mistletoe berry] is sticky, and forms strings and ribbons between my thumb and forefinger. For the mistletoe, this viscous goop – and by the way, viscous comes to English from viscum – is crucial. The stickiness means that, after eating the berries, birds often regurgitate the seeds and then wipe their bills on twigs – leading to the seeds' getting glued to the tree, where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew.

ref: 2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 23 Dec 2014:

text: These were business hours, and a feeling of loneliness crept over him, perhaps germinated by his sight of the illustrated papers, and accentuated by an attempted perusal of them.

ref: 1913, Robert Barr, chapter 5, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad:

forms:
germinates (third-person singular present)
germinating (present participle)
germinated (past participle)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɜː(ɹ)mɪneɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-germinate.wav


germinate

glosses:
germinare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數現在時直陳式

glosses:
germinare 的屈折：
第二人稱複數命令式


gigantic

etymology_texts: 源自古希臘語 γιγαντικός (gigantikós)，最終來自 γίγας (gígas)。根據 Poly-Olbion project 由Michael Drayton在1612造出。

forms:
more gigantic (comparative)
most gigantic (superlative)

enpr: jī-găn'tĭk

ipa: /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gigantic.wav

rhymes: -æntɪk


ginger

etymology_texts: 来自中古英語 gingere，gingivere 的变体，来自古英語 gingifer、gingiber（受古法語 gingembre 的影響），來自中世紀拉丁語 gingiber、zingiber，源自拉丁語 zingiberi，源自晚期古希臘語 ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis)，源自首羅犀那語 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera)，源自梵語 शृङ्गवेर (śṛṅgavera)（受 शृङ्ग (śṛṅga，“角”) 的影響），源自原始達羅毗荼語 *cinki-wēr，最终源自原始漢藏語 *kjaŋ (“薑”)。

glosses: 薑（Zingiber officinale），一种亚洲热带草本植物的辛辣芳香根茎，用作香料和化肉剂

forms: gingers (plural)

ipa: /ˈdʒɪndʒə/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ginger.wav

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

rhymes: -ɪndʒə(ɹ)


ginger

text: a ginger tomcat

translation: 薑黃色的公貓

forms:
more ginger (comparative)
most ginger (superlative)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/


glib

etymology_texts: 英語 glibbery (“滑的”)或其词源低地德語 glibberig, glibberich (“滑的”) / 荷蘭語 glibberig (“滑的”)的缩略形式。

glosses: 只有嘴上功夫的，满嘴空话的，肤浅的

text: A much more thorough examination of this period is essential, and no glib answers should be accepted as good coin.

ref: 2004 August 26, Leslie Feinberg, “Survival with Setbacks”, in Workers World:

text: a sheet of glib ice

translation: 一层很滑的冰

text: a glib tongue; a glib speech

text: Its style is both open and arch, never verging on glib camp but always a little removed, reducing large emotions to small observations and thereby making them all the more effective.

ref: 1988 December 25, Michael Bronski, “...And They Called It Puppy Love”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 24, page 8:

text: When Mr. Franco called Mr. McCarthy and asked why he had written a book about such a repellent character, he was glib. "He said, verbatim, 'I don't know, James, probably some dumb-ass reason,'" Mr. Franco recalled.

ref: 2011 October 13, Alexandra Alter, “Literary Giant Obsessed by Movies”, in Wall Street Journal:

forms:
glibber (comparative)
glibbest (superlative)

ipa: /ɡlɪb/

rhymes: -ɪb


glib

text: There is a drunken liberty of the Tongue; which, being once glibbed with intoxicating liquor, runs wild through heaven and earth; and spares neither him that is God above, nor those which are called gods on earth.

ref: 1628, Joseph Hal, “Christian Liberty Laid Forth,” in The Works of the Right Reverend Father in God, Joseph Hall, D.D., Volume V, London: Williams & Smith, 1808, p. 366, https://books.google.ca/books?id=8iUBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

text: And, when to all his Angels he propos'd / To draw the proud king Ahab into fraud, / That he might fall in Ramoth, they demurring, / I undertook that office, and the tongues / Of all his flattering Prophets glibb'd with lyes / To his destruction, as I had in charge.

ref: 1671，John Milton，「The First Book」，收錄於 Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦： […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […]，→OCLC，21頁，371–376行：

text: They are good internally in Fits of the Stone in the Kidneys, by glibbing the Ureters, and making even a large Stone pass with ease […]

ref: 1730, Edward Strother, Dr. Radcliffe’s Practical Dispensatory, London: C. Rivington, page 342:

text: We were having one of our bitterest cold snaps. Wind due north, shrieking over stiff land; two feet of snow, all substances glibbed with ice and granite-hard.

ref: 1944, Emily Carr, “Gran’s Battle”, in The House of All Sorts:

forms:
glibs (third-person singular present)
glibbing (present participle)
glibbed (past participle)


glib

text: "Well, Sal, you mum your dubber pretty generally, but when you do slacken your glib you may as well do it civilly."

ref: 1857, Hidden Links; Or the Schoolfellows. A Tale, volume 2, page 233:

forms: glibs (plural)

dubber

sense: 嘴巴或舌头


glib

etymology_texts: 源自愛爾蘭語 glib。

glosses: （一种爱尔兰中曾常见的）假发

text: Whom when she saw in wretched weedes disguiz'd, / With heary glib deform'd and meiger face, / Like ghost late risen from his grave agryz'd, / She knew him not […]

ref: 1596，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，「Book IV, Canto VIII」，收錄於 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London： […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie，→OCLC：

text: Their wild costume of the glib and mantle.

ref: 1829, Robert Southey, Sir Thomas More, or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society:


glib

etymology_texts: 对比古英语或方言词英語 lib (“阉割”)，方言词丹麥語 live，低地德语或古荷蘭語 lubben。


glib

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *gliba。

forms:
glȋb (canonical)
гли̑б

ipa: /ɡlîːb/


glossary

etymology_texts: 來自中古英語 glosarie，來自拉丁語 glossārium，來自古希臘語 γλῶσσα (glôssa，“舌頭”)。

text: At the back of the book you can find the glossary.

translation: 在書的末尾，你會看到術語表。

forms: glossaries (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡlɒsəɹi/

clavis

sense: 術語表


glottis

glosses:
声门
* 简体: 声门[动物学]
* 正體: 聲門[動物學]


gossip

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 godsybbe、godsib (“亲朋好友；教父，教母”)，源自古英語 godsibb (“教父，教母”)，等价于god + sib。英語 godsib 的同源對似詞。“流言蜚语”之意的产生可对比法語 commérage。

glosses: 爱八卦的人，爱传流言蜚语的人；八公，八婆

text: Be careful what you say to him: he’s a bit of a gossip.

translation: 跟他说话时长个心眼，他经常传流言蜚语。

text: A losing Gamester, who is obliged to drive into the City to dispose of a little South Sea Stock, gives the Hint there. The Gossips at Garraway’s have it in a Moment: At One it is buzz’d on Change, and the circulating Whisper in the Boxes interrupts the Play at Night.

ref: 1752, Arthur Murphy, The Gray’s Inn Journal, volume 1, number 11, page 73:

text: He was an arrant old gossip, too; for ever coming off in his canoe to the ships in the bay, and regaling their crews with choice little morsels of court scandal […]

ref: 1846，Herman Melville，「Sequel Containing the Story of Toby」，收錄於 Typee：

text: Alf could tell you about everybody on both sides of Main Street. He was a vicious male gossip, insatiably curious and vindictive without malice.

ref: 1952，John Steinbeck，第48章，收錄於 East of Eden，London：Heinemann，456頁：

text: According to the latest gossip, their relationship is on the rocks.

translation: 据最新的八卦消息，他们的感情出现了裂痕。

text: I have a juicy piece of gossip to share with you.

translation: 我有一个劲爆的八卦要跟你说。

text: The smaller a town the more richly it hums with gossip. There are no private affairs here. Gossip is the air we breathe.

ref: 1980，J. M. Coetzee，第2章，收錄於 Waiting for the Barbarians，Penguin，1982 出版，32頁：

text: Intense nosiness about everybody had always existed in the area. Gossip washed in, washed out, came, went, moved on to the next target.

ref: 2018, Anna Burns, chapter 1, in Milkman, London: Faber & Faber:

text: a gossip columnist

translation: 八卦专栏作家

text: a gossip blog

translation: 八卦博客

glosses: （流言协议的） 通讯，通信

text: Should a great Lady, that was invited to be a Gossip, in her place send her Kitchen-Maid, ’twould be ill taken;

ref: 1689，John Selden，Table-Talk，London：Jacob Tonson et al., 1696, “Prayer”，134頁：

text: When a man stood sponsor for a child at baptism, he became the child's godfather, and gossip to the parents.

ref: 1908, Patrick Weston Joyce, A Smaller Social History of Ancient Ireland: Treating of the Government, Military System, and Law; Religion, Learning, and Art; Trades, Industries, and Commerce; Manners, Customs, and Domestic Life, of the Ancient Irish People, page 287:

text: Gossips accepted responsibility for the child's spiritual and physical well-being, […]

ref: 2010, Susan E. Phillips, Transforming Talk: The Problem with Gossip in Late Medieval England, Penn State Press, →ISBN, page 154:

glosses: （教父母名字后加的称谓）教父，教母

text: He was old and infirm, he wrote, and Gossip Death was waiting for him on the moor; but before he went to join him he would like to see Susan’s boy again.

ref: 1905, William John Locke, chapter 11, in The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne (novel):

forms: gossips (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɒsɪp/

ipa: /ˈɡɑsəp/

busybody

sense: 爱八卦的人，爱传流言蜚语的人；八公，八婆

gossipmonger

sense: 爱八卦的人，爱传流言蜚语的人；八公，八婆

meddler

sense: 爱八卦的人，爱传流言蜚语的人；八公，八婆

rumormonger

sense: 爱八卦的人，爱传流言蜚语的人；八公，八婆

dirt

sense: 流言蜚语，八卦

chat

sense: 闲谈

sponsor

sense: 教父，教母，教父母

friend

sense: 熟人，朋友

parts: gos sip


gossip

glosses: 议论纷纷，聊八卦，传八卦

text: This Place then is no other than the Chandler’s Shop; the known Seat of all the News; or, as it is vulgarly called, Gossiping, in every Parish in England.

translation: 棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史

ref: 1749，Henry Fielding，第4章，收錄於 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，第I卷，London：A[ndrew] Millar, […]，→OCLC，「book 2」，66頁：

text: Godfrey felt guilty at having gossiped to Olive about Lettie’s changes in her will.

ref: 1959，Muriel Spark，第8章，收錄於 Memento Mori，New York：Time-Life, 1964，109頁：

text:
[…] a world
Of pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms [i.e. Christian names],
That blinking Cupid gossips.

ref: c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I、scene i]:

text: The Pleasure I used to take in telling my Boy Stories of the Battles, and asking my Girl Questions about the Disposal of her Baby, and the Gossiping of it, is turned into inward Reflection and Melancholy.

ref: 1709, Richard Steele, “No. 95 in The Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff”, in The Tatler, London, 1712, page 282:

glosses: （节日庆典时）开心，愉快

glosses: （使用流言协议） 通讯，通信

forms:
gossips (third-person singular present)
gossiping (present participle)
gossipping (present participle)
gossiped (past participle)
gossipped (past participle)

blab

sense: 议论纷纷，聊八卦，传八卦

dish the dirt

sense: 议论纷纷，聊八卦，传八卦

spill the tea

sense: 议论纷纷，聊八卦，传八卦

talk out of turn

sense: 议论纷纷，聊八卦，传八卦

tell tales out of school

sense: 议论纷纷，聊八卦，传八卦

chat

sense: 闲聊，聊天


gossip

glosses: （尤指名人，要人的）流言蜚语，八卦

pettegolezzo

sense: （尤指名人，要人的）流言蜚语，八卦


grab

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]抓取
* [简:自由软体]抓取
* 正體: 抓取[電子計算機]


grant

glosses: grann的不定中性單數形式。


graze

etymology_texts: 源自古英語 grasian (“吃草”)，源自græs (“草”)。

text: If it be sundown, when the herds are returning from their daily graze in the long grass of the jungle, clouds of dust will be marking their track along every approach to the village […]

ref: 1904, Empire Review, volume 6, page 188:

forms: grazes (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹeɪz/

homophone: grays

roman: greys

rhymes: -eɪz


graze

etymology_texts: 源自古英語 grasian (“吃草”)，源自græs (“草”)。

text: Although it is perfectly good meadowland, none of the villagers has ever grazed animals on the meadow on the other side of the wall.

ref: 1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust:

text: Cattle graze in the meadows.

translation: 牛在牧场上吃草。

text: The bird [Canada goose] is more often found on land than other waterfowl because of its love for seeds and grains. The long neck is well adapted for grazing.

ref: 1993, John Montroll, Origami Inside-Out, page 41:

glosses: 吃零食，（不在餐点时）[随便]]吃点

text: Furthermore, people who take the time to sit down to proper meals find their food more satisfying than people who graze throughout the day. If you skip meals, you will inevitably end up snacking on more high-fat high-sugar foods.

ref: 2008, Mohgah Elsheikh, Caroline Murphy, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome:

text: Many people, however, snack and graze from roughly the time they wake up until shortly before they go to bed.

ref: 2018 July 24, Anahad O’Connor, “When We Eat, or Don’t Eat, May Be Critical for Health”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

text: Grazing refers to customers who consume food items before paying for them, for example, a customer bags one and a half pounds of grapes in the produce department, eats some as she continues her shopping […]

ref: 1992, Shoplifting, page 18:

text: Had the Grievant attempted to pay for the Mylanta or actually paid for it, then she would not be guilty of grazing or shoplifting.

ref: 2001, Labor Arbitration Information System, volume 2, page 59:

text: the bullet grazed the wall

translation: 子弹擦过墙壁

text: to graze one's knee

translation: 擦破膝盖

text: The sewers must be kept so as the water may not stay too long in the spring; for then the ground continueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose that year.

ref: 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

forms:
grazes (third-person singular present)
grazing (present participle)
grazed (past participle)

snack

sense: 吃零食，（不在餐点时）[随便]]吃点


graze

glosses: grazen 的(虛擬語氣) 單數現在時虛擬式


greeting

forms: greetings (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɹiːtɪŋ/

rhymes: -iːtɪŋ


greeting

glosses: greet 的現在時分詞


grope

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 gropien，源自古英語 grāpian，与grīpan有关（其派生出英語 gripe），亦对比grip。

glosses: 摸黑寻找，（指盲人）用手寻找

text: to grope about a little longer among the miseries and sensualities of a worldly life

ref: a. 1812. Joseph Stevens Buckminster, sermon

text: Yet there was no time to be lost if I was ever to get out alive, and so I groped with my hands against the side of the grave until I made out the bottom edge of the slab, and then fell to grubbing beneath it with my fingers. But the earth, which the day before had looked light and loamy to the eye, was stiff and hard enough when one came to tackle it with naked hands, and in an hour's time I had done little more than further weary myself and bruise my fingers.

ref: 1898, J. Meade Falkner、Moonfleet, Ch.4:

text: Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.

ref: 1914，Louis Joseph Vance，第III章，收錄於 Nobody，New York, N.Y.：George H[enry] Doran Company，1915 出版，→OCLC：

text: We've been together two weeks, and have just been kissing and groping, but no sex yet.

translation: 我们在一起两个星期了，就亲了亲嘴，互相爱抚，但是还没有做爱。

text: That old man groped that girl on the train!

translation: 那个老头在火车上猥亵了那个女孩！

text: Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe.

ref: 1557, Genevan Testament (Acts xxiv)

forms:
gropes (third-person singular present)
groping (present participle)
groped (past participle)

ipa: /ɡɹəʊp/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-grope.wav

ipa: /ɡɹoʊp/

rhymes: -əʊp

touch

sense: 摸

fumble

sense: 摸索

caress

sense: 爱抚，猥亵


grope

text: The old man tried to get a quick grope of the young lady on the train.

translation: 那个老头想猥亵那位火车上的少女。

forms: gropes (plural)


grudge

etymology_texts:
grutch的變體 (15世紀中期，比begrudge年輕)，來自中古英語 grucchen (“喃喃自語，抱怨，怨恨，嫉妒”)，來自古法語 grouchier、groucier (“喃喃自語，抱怨”)，起源自日耳曼語族，可能是仿譯。
與中古高地德語 grogezen (“嚎叫，哀號”)、德語 grocken (“發牢騷”)同族。對照古諾爾斯語 krytja (“喃喃自語”)、古高地德語 grunzen (“咕噥”)。

text: to have, hold, or bear a grudge against someone

translation: 對某人懷有怨恨

text: He ſhall haue two ſteele bullets ſtrongly charg’d

ref: 1607, Barnabe Barnes, THE DIVILS CHARTER: A TRAGÆDIE Conteining the Life and Death of Pope Alexander the ſixt, ACTVS. 5, SCÆ. 1:

forms: grudges (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹʌd͡ʒ/

rhymes: -ʌdʒ


grudge

glosses: 勉強地給/准許；不情願做

text: Wee shall finde our whole life so necessarily ioyned with sorrow, that we ought rather delight (and take pleasure) in Gods louing chastisements, and admonitions, then any way murmure and grudge at our crosses, or tribulations :

ref: 1608, Henrie Gosson, The Woefull and Lamentable wast and spoile done by a suddaine Fire in S. Edmonds-bury in Suffolke, on Munday the tenth of Aprill. 1608., reprinted by F. Pawsey, Old Butter Market, Ipswich, 1845, page 6:

text: If we of the central land were to grudge you what is beneficial, and not to compassionate your wants, then wherewithal could you foreigners manage to exist?

ref: 1841, Edmund Burke, The Annual Register, Rivingtons, page 430:

text: Of course, his interest in the war and in the regiment was unbounded; he did not take to drill with especial readiness, but he was insatiable of it, and grudged every moment of relaxation.

ref: 1869, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Army Life in a Black Regiment, Fields, Osgood, & Co., page 62:

text: Our two inimitable drolls did a roaring trade with their broadsheets among lovers of the comedy element and nobody who has a corner in his heart for real Irish fun without vulgarity will grudge them their hardearned pennies.

ref: 1922 February，James Joyce，「[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]」，收錄於 Ulysses，Paris：Shakespeare and Company, […]，→OCLC：

date: 自16世紀

text: And the pharises, and scribes grudged sainge: He receaveth to his company synners [...].

ref: 1526，[威廉廷代爾譯]，The Newe Testamẽt […]（丁道爾譯本），[Worms, Germany：Peter Schöffer]，→OCLC，「Luke」：

date: 15世紀–18世紀

glosses: 以惡意的態度或目的持有或窩藏

forms:
grudges (third-person singular present)
grudging (present participle)
grudged (past participle)


guilt

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 gilt、gult，源自古英語 gylt (“罪；犯罪；错误，罪过”)，其词源不详，但可能与古英語 ġieldan (“付，惩罚”)有关，其派生出yield。更具体地，其可能与原始西日耳曼語 *guldijā有关联，该词派生出中古低地德語 gülde、中古高地德語 gülte (“债，费用”)。然而，古英语词干或-t（而非-d）不符合欧洲的词形。

text: Appropriate guilt is experienced when we actually do something objectively wrong—for example, exploit another, betray a trust, and so on. […] Inappropriate guilt occurs from believing a lie and is resolved by an application of the truth.

ref: 2018, Timothy R. Jennings, The Aging Brain, →ISBN, page 158:

forms: guilts (plural)

ipa: /ɡɪlt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guilt.wav

homophone: gilt

rhymes: -ɪlt

remorse

sense: 内疚，罪恶感

innocence

sense: 犯罪，罪恶，罪过

innocence

sense: 有罪


guilt

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 gilten、gylten，源自古英語 gyltan (“犯罪；有罪”)，源自gylt (“罪；犯罪；错误，罪过”)。

forms:
guilts (third-person singular present)
guilting (present participle)
guilted (past participle)


guilt

text: He didn't want to do it, but his wife guilted him into it.

translation: 他不想干这件事，但是他老婆让他很有罪恶感，让他做了。

text: Shame based parents would have guilted him for expressing anger.

ref: 1988, John Bradshaw, Healing the shame that binds you:

text: We don't have to be manipulated, guilted, coerced, or forced into anything.

ref: 1992, Melody Beattie, Codependent No More: how to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself:

text: But I won't be threatened or bribed or guilted into giving up something that's important to me.

ref: 1995, Nora Roberts, True Betrayals:


guilt

text: Two silver monteths, two large fflaggons, two large tankards, two silver salvers, a voyder and a knyfe, two silver salts, two guilt bolls of the like size, one other boll, three silver bolls, in all 24 pieces guilt and unguilt.

ref: 1696, The Connoisseur, volume 5, published 1903, page 204:


gum

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示關比安諾語。


gymnasium

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 gymnasium，來自古希臘語 γυμνάσιον (gumnásion)，來自γυμνός (gumnós)。

forms:
gymnasia (plural)
gymnasiums (plural)


Gymnasium

text: das Gymnasium absolvieren

text: So weit gehet das jetzige Vorhaben, welches auf keine ander Ursachen gegründet ist, als auf die Erbauung der in unserm Gymnasio studirenden Jugend.

ref: 1725, Gottfried Polycarpus Müller, Abriß der Schul-Studien, und desjenigen, so bishero auf dem Zittauischen Gymnasio præstiret worden, und mit Göttlicher Hülffe noch præstiret werden soll, Zittau (location/place), p. 32 (§. VII.; https://books.google.com/books?id=UIk-zG6BDE8C&pg=PA32):

forms:
Gymnasiums (genitive)
Gymnasium (genitive)
Gymnasien (plural)

ipa: /ɡʏmˈnaːziʊm/

Gymi

sense: （德國九年制）文理中學


hail

forms: hails (plural)

ipa: /heɪl/

ipa: [heɪ̯ɫ]

rhymes: -eɪl

homophone: hale


hail

forms:
hails (third-person singular present)
hailing (present participle)
hailed (past participle)


ham

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示赫瓦語。


haul

forms:
hauls (third-person singular present)
hauling (present participle)
hauled (past participle)

ipa: /hɔːl/

ipa: /hɔl/

ipa: /hɑl/

rhymes: -ɔːl

homophone: hall


hazard

etymology_texts: < 古法語 hasard （“骰子游戏”） (名词)、hasarder (动词)，可能源自 阿拉伯語 الزّهر (az-zahr)（“骰子”）。

glosses: （14世纪起）一种用骰子玩的游戏

glosses: （16世纪起）机会，机遇

glosses: （16世纪起）危险，危害，隐患

forms: hazards (plural)

ipa: /ˈhæzɚd/

ipa: /ˈhazəd/


hazard

forms:
hazards (third-person singular present)
hazarding (present participle)
hazarded (past participle)


hazard

glosses: (lang=參數)，主要在19世纪前使用。