forlorn

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 forlorn、forloren，源自古英語 forloren（forlēosan (“丢失”)的过去分词），源自原始日耳曼語 *fraluzanaz (“遗失的”)，原始日耳曼語 *fraleusaną (“丢失”)的过去分词，等价于for- + lorn。同源词有西弗里斯蘭語 ferlern (“丢失的”)、薩特弗里斯蘭語 ferlädden (“丢失的”)、荷蘭語 verloren (“丢失的”)、德國低地薩克森語 verloren (“丢失的”)、德語 verloren (“丢失的”)、瑞典語 förlorad (“丢失的”)。还见lese/leese、lorn。

text: For miſerie doth braueſt mindes abate, / And make them ſeeke for that they wont to ſcorne, / Of fortune and of hope at once forlorne.

ref: 1578–1579, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale. [...] Dedicated to the Right Honorable the Ladie Compton and Mountegle”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. Whereof the Next Page Maketh Mention, London: Imprinted for VVilliam Ponsonbie, dwelling in Paules Churchyard at the signe of the Bishops head, published 1591, →OCLC:

text: More join us at Colwall and at the lovely station at Great Malvern, although the place is in need of some TLC nowadays. The ornate canopy supports are overdue a repaint, and the closed cafe gives the place a forlorn air.

ref: 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 67:

glosses: 可悲的，（尤指因被遗弃而）可怜的

text: This is the Maiden all forlorn, That milked the Cow with the crumpled Horn[.]

ref: 1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:

text: The condition of the besieged, in the mean time, was forlorn in the extreme; not so much from want of food, though their supplies were scanty, as from excessive toil and exposure.

ref: 1857, William H[ickling] Prescott, “War with France. 1557.”, in History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, new edition, volume I, London: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., Farringdon Street, page 125:

text: Sweet are familiar songs, tho' Music dips / Her hollow shell in Thought's forlornest wells: / And sweet, tho' sad, the sound of midnight bells, / When the oped casement with the night-rain drips.

ref: 1859, Owen Meredith [pseudonym; en:Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton], “The Wanderer”, in Poems by Owen Meredith. The Wanderer and Clytemnestra, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, prologue, part I, stanza 1, page 17:

text: Sophia broke down here. Even at this moment she was subconsciously comparing her rendering of the part of the forlorn bride with Miss Marie Lohr's.

ref: 1921, Ben Travers, A Cuckoo in the Nest, London: The Bodley Head, →OCLC; republished Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1925, →OCLC, page 67:

glosses: 绝望的，无望的，希望渺茫的

text: To begin therefore with Traditions, which is your forlorn hope that in the first place we are to set upon: this must I needs tell you before we begin, that you much mistake the matter, if you think that traditions of all sorts promiscuously are struck at by our religion.

ref: 1625, James Ussher, “Of Traditions”, in An Ansvver to a Challenge Made by a Iesuite in Ireland. Wherein the Iudgment of Antiquity in the Points Questioned, is Truly Delivered, and the Noveltie of the Now Romish Doctrine Plainely Discovered by Iames Vssher bishop of Meath. Whereunto is Added a Sermon Preached before His Majesty at Wansted, by the Same Author, London: Printed [by Humphrey Lownes] for the Society of Stationers, →OCLC; republished in C[harles] R[ichard] Elrington, editor, The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D.D. Lord Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of All Ireland, volume III, Dublin: Hodges & Smith; London: Whittaker & Co., [1831], →OCLC, page 41:

text: Mrs. Blair had lost her husband, who was a cavalry officer, in Cabool, at the memorable Khyber Pass; but as no precise tidings of his death had every been received, she cherished the forlorn hope that he was still living in captivity among the Affghans, and that some day it would be her happiness yet to be reunited with him, even on earth.

ref: 1859, Mowbray Thomson, chapter VII, in The Story of Cawnpore, London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, publisher in ordinary to Her Majesty, →OCLC, pages 119–120:

text: Now he rushed to the platform edge carrying a full fire bucket, in a forlorn attempt to douse the flames as the now brightly burning wagon rolled past.

ref: 2022 January 12, Benedict le Vay, “The heroes of Soham...”, in RAIL, number 948, page 42:

forms:
forlorner (comparative)
more forlorn (comparative)
forlornest (superlative)
most forlorn (superlative)
forlorne (obsolete alternative)

enpr: fər-lôrnʹ

enpr: fôr-lôrnʹ

ipa: /fəˈlɔːn/

ipa: /fɔːˈlɔːn/

ipa: /fɚˈlɔɹn/

ipa: /fɔɹˈlɔɹn/

rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)n

forsaken

sense: 可悲的，（尤指因被遗弃而）可怜的

parts: for lorn


forlorn

pos: noun

pos_title: 名词

text: The Regiment being drawn up into the former Figure, they may proceed to Firings upon it, firſt let the Forlorns fire five or six times over, being commanded by the eldeſt Captains Lieutenant, who is to be aſſiſted by a couple of able Serjeants; after let him wheel off to the right and left, and bring them down in the Reer of the Pikes. Then let the ſecond Captains Lieutenant being aſſiſted by two Serjeants lead up the reſerves by the out-ſide of the Pikes, at ſuch time when the Forlorns begin to come off, […]

ref: 1659, Richard Elton, “Severall Firings to be Performed upon the Former Figure, and how to be Mannaged by the Severall Officers”, in The Compleat Body of the Art Military: Exactly Compiled, and Gradually Composed for the Foot, in the Best Refined Manner, According to the Practice of the Modern Times. …, 2nd edition, London: Printed by R[obert] and W[illiam] Leybourn, in Monkswel-Street, in Lambes Chappel neer Criplegate, →OCLC, book III, page 152:

text: […] I ordered the forlorns to advance and to march, at their open order, towards the upland, and by this time the tide was upon the ground wee ſtood on: The forlorn were no ſooner advanced a few rods, before there was firing on both ſides; […]

ref: 1765，[Thomas] Hutchinson，「[Appendix.] Number XXI. Major Walley’s Journal in the Expedition against Canada in 1692. A Narrative of the Proceedings to Canada, soe far as Concerned the Land Army.」，收錄於 The History of the Colony of Massachuset’s Bay，源自the First Settlement thereof in 1628, until Its Incorporation with the Colony of Plimouth, Province of Main, &c. by the Charter of King William and Queen Mary, in 1691，2nd版，London：Printed for M. Richardson, in Pater-noster Row，→OCLC，556頁：

text: I was this day in the van, and our forlorn having entered Huntingdon without any great reſiſtance till they came to the bridge, finding it barricaded, they ſent me word; I cauſed the troops to halt, and rode up to the forlorn, to view the countenance of the enemy, and found by the poſture they had put themſelves in, that they reſolved to ſell us the paſſage as dear as they could.

ref: 1782, “a Shropshire gentleman” [i.e., Daniel Defoe], “Memoirs of a Cavalier, &c. Part Second.”, in E. Staveley, editor, The History of the Civil Wars in Germany, from the Year 1630 to 1635: Also Genuine Memoirs of the Wars of England, in the Unhappy Reign of Charles the First; Containing the Whole History of Those Miserable Times; until the King Lost His Head on the Scaffold, in the Memorable Year 1648, Newark, Nottinghamshire: Printed by James Tomlinson, for the publisher, →OCLC, page 339:

text: The garrison, taken by surprise, had the first intelligence of the assault in the "forlorns plunging into the canal."

ref: 1861, Evert A[ugustus] Duyckinck, “Henry Lee”, in National Portrait Gallery of Eminent Americans: Including Orators, Statesmen, Naval and Military Heroes, Jurists, Authors, etc., etc., from the Original Full Length Paintings by Alonzo Chappel。With Biographical and Historical Narratives, [...] In Two Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.: Johnson, Fry & Company, 27 Beekman Street, →OCLC, page 236:

forms: forlorns (plural)

forlorn hope

sense: 敢死队，决死队


forlorn

pos: verb

pos_title: 动词

glosses: forlese 的過去時分詞。


formalin

pos_title: 名詞

text: If you failed to bathe it in the formalin solution every time, its flesh might cross the precipitous border into decay.

ref: 2023, V. V. Ganeshananthan, Brotherless Night, Viking, page 20:

forms: formalins (plural)


fluffer

forms: fluffers (plural)

ipa: /ˈflʌfə/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fluffer.wav

ipa: /ˈflʌfɚ/

rhymes: -ʌfə(ɹ)


fauvism

text: Paris had been the birthplace of the Modernist sensibility during the latter half of the previous century, when its cafés, studios and tolerant atmosphere helped nurture the symbolist school in poetry and impressionism in painting. By the start of the First World War, it had sheltered fauvism, cubism, expressionism, vorticism, and a host of other splinter movements through which the emerging culture gradually took shape.

translation: 上世纪下半叶，巴黎曾是现代主义思潮的发源地，其咖啡馆、工作室和包容的氛围孕育了诗歌中的象征主义流派和绘画中的印象派。到第一次世界大战爆发时，巴黎庇护了野兽派、立体主义、表现主义、漩涡主义以及许多其他分支艺术运动，新兴文化正是借此逐渐成型。

ref: 1999，Daniel J. Singal，William Faulkner: The Making of a Modernist，Univ of North Carolina Press，→ISBN，71頁：


formate

pos: adv

pos_title: 副詞

glosses: formi 的現在時副詞形被動分詞


formative

pos: adj

pos_title: 形容詞

forms:
more formative (comparative)
most formative (superlative)


favor

glosses:
m. 帮助，恩惠，好处，宠爱，宠信==葡萄牙語==
偏爱


flunk

etymology_texts: 变换自funk，或可能是flinch + funk 組成的混成詞。

text: He flunked math, again.

translation: 他数学又没及格。

text: Unsatisfied with Fred's progress, the teacher flunked him.

translation: 老师不满意Fred的进展，给了他不及格。

glosses: 退缩，逃避（一般作“flunk it”，其中“it”指那项任务，或者可以指生活态度）

forms:
flunks (third-person singular present)
flunking (present participle)
flunked (past participle)

ipa: /flʌŋk/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-flunk.wav

rhymes: -ʌŋk


formicivorous

text: Formicivorous mammals (those which feed mainly on ants) come in all shapes and sizes […]

translation: 食蟻（即以螞蟻為主食）哺乳動物們的形態大小各異 […]

ref: 2010，Paula Hammond，Atlas of the World's Strangest Animals，152頁：

myrmecophagous

sense: 食蟻的


fawn

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fawne, fowne, foun，源自古法語 faon, foon, feon，源自通俗拉丁語 *fētōnem，源自拉丁語 fētus (“后代”)，源自原始印歐語 *dʰeh₁(y)- (“哺”)。取代了原生词古英語 hindċealf (字面意思是“鹿崽”)。英語 fetus 的同源對似詞。

glosses: 浅黄褐色 （类似小鹿的颜色）

forms: fawns (plural)

ipa: /fɔːn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fawn.wav

rhymes: -ɔːn

homophone: faun

deerling

sense: 小鹿，幼鹿，麛


fawn

pos_title: 形容词


fawn

forms:
fawns (third-person singular present)
fawning (present participle)
fawned (past participle)


fawn

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fawnen，源自古英語 fagnian，fæġnian (“庆祝”)的变换形式，其派生出中古英語 fainen、英語 fain。与古諾爾斯語 fagna同源。还见fain。

glosses: 拍马屁 （接on或upon）

text: Thou with trembling fear, / Or like a fawning parasite, obeyest.

ref: 1671, John Milton, Paradise Regained, book 1:

text: courtiers who fawn on a master while they betray him

ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 23, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

text: That the young Mr. Churchills liked—but they did not like him coming round of an evening and drinking weak whisky-and-water while he held forth on railway debentures and corporation loans. Mr. Barrett, however, by fawning and flattery, seemed to be able to make not only Mrs. Churchill but everyone else do what he desired.

ref: 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 2, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

glosses: （通过摇尾巴、舔舐等）乞怜

grovel

sense: 拍马屁 （接on或upon）

wheedle

sense: 拍马屁 （接on或upon）

soft-soap

sense: 拍马屁 （接on或upon）

toady

sense: 拍马屁 （接on或upon）


fawn

forms:
fawns (plural)
faun (alternative)
faawn (alternative)


fawn

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 Faunus。

forms:
fawnes (plural)
fawny (plural)

ipa: /fau̯n/


fur

pos: symbol

pos_title: 符號

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示弗留利語。


faxes

pos_title: 動詞

glosses: fax 的第三人稱單數簡單現在時直陳式


faxes

glosses: faxer 的第二人稱單數現在時直陳式/虛擬式


faxes

glosses: faciō 的第二人稱單數sigmatic不定過去式主動態虛擬式

forms: faxēs (canonical)


fickle

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fikil、fikel，源自古英語 ficol (“浮躁的，不忠的，狡诈的”)，等价于fike + -le。详见fike。

glosses: 不坚持的，浮躁的，无常的；不忠的，不可靠的

text: As night has such a local ring / And love and rock are fickle things

ref: 2010，James Murphy，「Home」，收錄於 This Is Happening，由 LCD Soundsystem：

text: To the south, the vast geometrical deserts of Arabian nomads, a redoubt of feral movement, of fickle winds, of open space, of saddle leather—home to the wild Bedouin tribes.

ref: 2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text

forms:
fickler (comparative)
more fickle (comparative)
ficklest (superlative)
most fickle (superlative)

rhymes: -ɪkəl


fickle

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 fikelen，源自fikel (“浮躁的”)，见前文。与低地德語 fikkelen (“欺骗，奉承”)、德語 ficklen、ficheln (“欺骗，奉承”)同源。

glosses: 使...困惑，使...迷惑

forms:
fickles (third-person singular present)
fickling (present participle)
fickled (past participle)


fay

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示西南法爾斯語。


fluorid

forms:
fluòrīd (canonical)
флуо̀рӣд

ipa: /fluǒriːd/

parts: flu o rid


fluoridate

glosses: 給……添加氟化物（尤其是加到飲用水中，以防止蛀牙）

forms:
fluoridates (third-person singular present)
fluoridating (present participle)
fluoridated (past participle)


fluoride

text: However, too much fluoride produces a mottling effect on teeth. Large doses of fluoride are actually toxic.

translation: 然而，氟化物过多会导致牙齿变色。大剂量的氟化物实际上是有毒的。

ref: 2000，Lawrie Ryan，Advanced Chemistry for You，Cheltenham：Nelson Thornes，→ISBN，54頁：

forms: fluorides (plural)

ipa: /ˈflʊəˌɹaɪd/

ipa: /ˈflɔːˌɹaɪd/

ipa: /ˈflʊɚˌaɪd/

ipa: /ˈflɔɹˌaɪd/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fluoride.wav

rhymes: -ɔːɹaɪd


fluorinate

forms:
fluorinates (third-person singular present)
fluorinating (present participle)
fluorinated (past participle)


fluorination

forms: fluorinations (plural)

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fluorination.wav

rhymes: -eɪʃən


forte

pos: unknown

glosses: 强的；有力的；强壮的；坚忍的；特长；堡垒；有力量的


furor

glosses:
m. 愤怒，发怒，灵感，激情==葡萄牙語==
发脾气


forthwith

pos_title: 副词

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 forth-with、fourth-with、furþ-with (“马上，立刻”)，部分源自短语forth with (something)，部分源自forth-with-al、furth-with-al (“马上；和...一起”)（派生出forthwithal）。

text: Let ther be Light, ſaid God, and forthwith Light, / Ethereal, firſt of things, quinteſſence pure, / Sprung from the Deep, [...]

translation: 要有光，上帝说，顷刻之间，天光跃出深渊，万物的开端，纯粹的第五种基本物质，…

ref: 1667，John Milton，「Book VII」，收錄於 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London： […] [Samuel Simmons], […]，→OCLC；再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London：Basil Montagu Pickering […]，1873，→OCLC，243–245行：

text: And no doubt the dry'd Dirt, and Slime of which we were ſpeaking, would have imbib'd ſome Portion of the Humidity, the Day before the Nile overflow'd, had it not been kept ſo cloſe: but being once releas'd from that Cuſtody, it forthwith ruſhes into the Embraces of the deſir'd Moiſture, following the natural Propenſity of dry Bodies to wet.

ref: 1714, T[itus] Lucretius Carus, “Of the Annual Inundation of the River Nile”, in Thomas Creech, transl., Of the Nature of Things. Translated into English Verse […], volumes II (Containing the Fifth and Sixth Books), London: Printed by John Matthews, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC, page 703:

text: The task was the harder in that the restored service had not only to start forthwith but also to last for several months pending modifications to the multiple-unit electric stock, and this called for organisation on a semi-permanent basis.

ref: 1961 July, “Glasgow emergency – the restoration of Clydeside steam suburban services”, in Trains Illustrated, page 431:

text: [Hans] Jonas emphasized years ago that the prospect of genetic control, though cloning and other means, "raises ethical questions of a wholly new kind," for which we are profoundly unprepared. [...] Is it defensible in any sense, for instance, to set out forthwith to create "grade A individuals", "kids made to order," whether designed as privileged deciders of policy or merely dumb drones for the duller humdrum chores of life?

ref: 1998, Richard M. Zaner, “Surprise! You’re Just Like Me!: Reflections on Cloning, Eugenics, and Other Utopias”, in James M. Humber and Robert F. Almeder, editors, Human Cloning (Biomedical Ethics Reviews), New York, N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 114:

text: [W]hen the Board announced in March 1940, that after a certain date in May no Customs staff aged 23 or over would be allowed to join the Armed Forces it made our minds up for us. We were both 23! We forthwith applied for permission to enlist in the RAF.

ref: 2010, Martin W. Bowman, “Dam Buster – Dudley Heal”, in Bombs Away!: Dramatic First-hand Accounts of British and Commonwealth Bomber Aircrew in WWII, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Aviation, Pen & Sword Books, →ISBN, page 133:

date: 自14世纪初叶

ipa: /fɔːθˈwɪð/

ipa: /-ˈwɪθ/

ipa: /fɔɹθˈwɪθ/

ipa: /ˈfɔɹθˌwɪθ/

rhymes: -ɪð

rhymes: -ɪθ

forthwithal

sense: 马上，立即，立刻

parts: forth with


furry

text: His treatment of our furry friends was nothing short of appalling.

translation: 他對我們毛茸朋友的待遇簡直是駭人聽聞。

forms:
furrier (comparative)
furriest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɜːɹi/

ipa: /ˈfɝi/

rhymes: -ɜːri

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-furry.wav


furry

glosses: 擬人化動物，常稱呼為獸、獸人。

text: What percentage of furries are wolves?

translation: 狼在獸人中佔比多少？

text: The furry had designed an elaborate costume.

translation: 那名獸迷精心設計了一套服裝。

glosses: 扮演成獸人角色，或自認有獸人身分的人。（對比therianthrope）

forms: furries (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-furry.wav

fursona

sense: 擬人化動物，常稱呼為獸、獸人。


furry

text: De furry deed haar werknemers geloven dat haar hond een wolf was.

translation: 那名獸迷讓她的員工相信，她的狗是一頭狼。

forms:
furries (plural)
furry's (plural)

parts: fur ry


furtively

forms:
more furtively (comparative)
most furtively (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfɜːtɪvli/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-furtively.wav


fortunately

text: Fortunately for Sam, his pet hamster was alive.

translation: 幸好，山姆的寵物倉鼠還活著。

text: My mom has fortunately agreed to help us with the science project for school.

translation: 幸好，我媽媽同意幫我們完成學校的科學專題。

text: […]the best thing to do is to curl up with a good goose-flesher and try to forget, and fortunately I had packed among my effects one called Murder at Greystone Grange.

ref: 1949, P.G. Wodehouse, The Mating Season:

text: Fortunately — very fortunately — the American people have a happy alternative to this bankrupt Republican campaign and its captive candidate.

ref: 1952, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, page 807:

text: Most pitchside medical staff fortunately will never have to treat a life threatening injury on the field of play.

ref: 2005, Gregory P. Whyte, Mark Harries, Clyde Williams, ABC of sports and exercise medicine, page 4:

text: Fortunately for the noncampers, half of the hotel rooms overlook the seaside stage, making attendance almost automatic, and very convenient in bad weather.

ref: 2015 September 10, Lynn Zinser, “At Hawaii Resort, Yoga by Day, Party by Night”, in The New York Times:

forms:
more fortunately (comparative)
most fortunately (superlative)

parts: for tu nate ly


fortune-teller

text: "Cross my palm with silver and I'll tell you your fortune," said the fortune-teller.

translation: “用銀子劃過我的手掌，我就能算出你的命運。”算命家說道。

text: The usual exchange between English children is as follows: A: Who do you love? (referring to one of the names on the fortune-teller) B: Simon. A: S-I-M-O-N (alternately opens and shuts the device as he or she says each letter).

ref: 2006, Andrew Wright, David Betteridge, Michael Buckby, Games for Language Learning, page 137:

forms:
fortune teller (alternative)
fortuneteller (alternative)
fortune-tellers (plural)


forty

pos: num

pos_title: 數詞

enpr: fôr'tē

ipa: /ˈfɔɹti/

ipa: [ˈfɔɹɾi]

ipa: [ˈfɑɹɾij]

rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)ti

parts: for ty


fluster

etymology_texts: 源自某斯堪的纳维亚（北日耳曼語支）语言，与冰島語 flaustra (“慌乱”)有关。

glosses: 使...脸红，使...面部潮红

text: His practice of flustering himself daily with claret.

ref: 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 20, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

text: He seemed to get flustered when speaking in front of too many people.

translation: 他在太多人面前发言，似乎乱了阵脚。

forms:
flusters (third-person singular present)
flustering (present participle)
flustered (past participle)

ipa: /ˈflʌstə(ɹ)/

rhymes: -ʌstə(ɹ)


fluster

forms: flusters (plural)


fustian

text: Fustian, of which I found only one entry before 1401, occurs frequently in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It appears to have been a ribbed cloth. […] On one occasion (1443) it is described as 'white ribbed fustian.'

ref: 1882, James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers, “On the Price of Textile Fabrics and Clothing”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England […], volumes IV (1401–1582), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 568:

text: His fustian shirt, sanguineflowered, trembles its Spanish tassels at his secrets

ref: (Can we date this quote?), James Joyce, Ulysses:

text: Nothing that belongs to Homer seems to have been more commonly mistaken than the just pitch of his style, some of his translators having swelled into fustian in a proud confidence of the sublime, others sunk into flatness in a cold and timorous notion of simplicity.

ref: (Can we date this quote?), Alexander Pope, “Translator's Preface”, in Iliad:

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fustian.wav

parts: fust i an


foudroyant

text: […] As makers go, / compared with Pindar or any / of the great foudroyant masters who don't ever / amend, we are, for all our polish, of little / stature […]

ref: 1968, W. H. Auden, “The Horatians”, in Collected Poems, Modern Library, published 2007, page 773:

forms:
more foudroyant (comparative)
most foudroyant (superlative)

enpr: fo͞o-droi'ənt

ipa: /fuˈdɹɔɪənt/


foudroyant

text: Il a contracté une méningite foudroyante.

translation: 他染上了暴发型脑膜炎。

forms:
foudroyante (feminine)
foudroyants (masculine plural)
foudroyantes (feminine plural)


foudroyant

forms: foudroyanter (strong nominative masculine singular)

ipa: [fudro̯aˈjant]

parts: fou dro yant


foundation

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 fundātiō。

text: The foundation of his institute has been wrought with difficulty.

translation: 他研究所的设立遇到了重重阻碍。

text: Since the launch early last year of […] two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations. University brands built in some cases over centuries have been forced to contemplate the possibility that information technology will rapidly make their existing business model obsolete.

ref: 2013年 7月20日，「The attack of the MOOCs」，收錄於 The Economist，408卷，8845期：

text: The implication is that the Gandhian model of growth is possible, now that Nehru's investment strategy had already laid a strong foundation for economic growth.

ref: 2006, K P Yadav, Economic Planning And Restructuring, Sarup & Sons ISBN 9788176256285, page 44

text: “Marge Gets A Job” opens with the foundation of the Simpson house tilting perilously to one side, making the family homestead look like the suburban equivalent of the Leaning Tower Of Pisa.

ref: 2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

text: The foundations of this construction have been laid out.

translation: 这次施工的地基已经打好了。

glosses: （设立慈善机构等的）基金

text: The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. is the parent organization of the Wiktionary collaborative project.

translation: 维基媒体基金会公司是维基词典协作项目的上层组织。

forms: foundations (plural)

ipa: /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

ipa: [faʊ̯nˈdeɪ̯ʃn̩]

establishment

sense: 设立，建立

groundwork

sense: 基础，基底，底座

groundwork

sense: 基础平台，根基

base

sense: 地基


foundational

forms:
more foundational (comparative)
most foundational (superlative)


flyswatter

forms:
fly swatter (alternative)
fly-swatter (alternative)
flyswatters (plural)


flywheel

text: As on Nos. 20001-3, the motor and generator armature shafts of the new locomotive each carry a heavy flywheel to provide kinetic energy and help maintain the speed of the motor-generator set during interruptions of supply, as at breaks in the continuity of the conductor rail.

ref: 1959 March, “The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 123:

forms: flywheels (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-flywheel.wav


focalise

forms:
focalises (third-person singular present)
focalising (present participle)
focalised (past participle)


focalise

glosses:
focaliser 的屈折：
第一人稱/第三人稱單數現在時直陳式/虛擬式

glosses:
focaliser 的屈折：
第二人稱單數命令式


fractious

text: That brief moment after the election four years ago, when many Americans thought Mr. Obama’s election would presage a new, less fractious political era, now seems very much a thing of the past.

ref: 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, in New York Times:

text: Flair and invention were very much at a premium, suffocated by the relentless pace and often fractious nature of proceedings. The absence of James Morrison from the centre of Scotland’s midfield, the West Brom man ruled out on the morning of the game by illness, had already diminished the creative capacity of the home side in that department.

ref: 2014 November 14, Stephen Halliday, “Scotland 1-0 Republic of Ireland: Maloney the hero”, in The Scotsman:

text: COP stands for conference of the parties under the UNFCCC, and the annual meetings have swung between fractious and soporific, interspersed with moments of high drama and the occasional triumph (the Paris agreement in 2015) and disaster (Copenhagen in 2009).

ref: 2019 December 2, Fiona Harvey, “Climate crisis: what is COP and can it save the world?”, in The Guardian:

text: With his twin notes, Mr. Musk waded directly into a fractious debate over the right way for corporations to bring workers back to the office during the coronavirus pandemic.

ref: 2022 June 1, Ryan Mac, “Elon Musk to Workers: Spend 40 Hours in the Office, or Else”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

text: After a fractious party conference and dire opinion polls for the Tories, the prime minister attempted to speak directly to the public, saying: “I want what you want.”

ref: 2022 October 5, Rowena Mason, “Liz Truss promises ‘growth, growth and growth’ in protest-hit speech”, in The Guardian:

forms:
more fractious (comparative)
most fractious (superlative)

rhymes: -ækʃəs

unfractious

sense: 总是惹麻烦的，捣乱的

unfractious

sense: 易怒的；动辄吵架的


frambesia

etymology_texts: 古典借詞，源自新拉丁語 frambēsia。 英語 bramberry和英語 framboise 的同源對似詞。


frambesia

glosses: (可否驗證此條釋義?) 懸鉤子／悬钩子 (xuángōuzi)

forms:
frambēsia (canonical)
frambēsiae (genitive)


fraternal

glosses: 兄弟的；兄弟般的，兄弟般地


fraudulent

forms:
more fraudulent (comparative)
most fraudulent (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-fraudulent.wav


freaky

text: I've heard the props and costumes in this play are quite freaky.

translation: 我听说这场戏剧里用的道具和服装比较奇怪。

text: Have you met the freaky new guy who moved in next door?

translation: 你有没有遇到隔壁刚搬来的那个吓人的新邻居。

text: The things she asked me to do were too freaky for me.

translation: 她叫我做的事太变态了。

text: GCN was prevented from covering the hearing by a police officer outside the building, who said that he would not allow representatives of "freaky" press inside.

ref: 1980 August 2, Denise Sudell, “Two Gay Men Arrested At Anti-Draft Demo”, in Gay Community News, page 1:

forms:
freakier (comparative)
freakiest (superlative)

rhymes: -iːki

freakish

sense: 怪胎的

kinky

sense: （指性癖等）变态的


free-for-all

text: When the fire alarm went off, it was a free-for-all.

translation: 火警响起来以后现场一片混乱。

text: Competition was the order of the day: the industrial warfare of the sixties was a free-for-all.

ref: 1919, Burton Jesse Hendrick, The Age of Big Business:

text: […] this was a consequence of building Tubes by means of a competitive free-for-all. Each company wanted to expand its territory at the expense of the others.

ref: 2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，134頁：

forms: free-for-alls (plural)

ipa: /ˈfɹiːfəɹɔːl/

ipa: /ˈfɹiːfɚɔːl/


free-for-all

glosses: 谁都能参加且无规则秩序的

text: Then Lucy told him about the great passion of her father—about the long, time-honored custom of free-for-all races, and the great races that had been run in the past; […]

ref: 1917, Zane Grey, Wildfire:

text: But, he added, “Twitter obviously cannot become a free-for-all hellscape where anything can be said with no consequences!”

ref: 2022 October 27, Lauren Hirsch, quoting Elon Musk, “Elon Musk Reaches Out to Advertisers Ahead of Deadline for Twitter Deal”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

ipa: /ˈfɹiːfəɹɔːl/

ipa: /ˈfɹiːfɚɔːl/


freeboard

glosses:
* [S:化学]自由空间
* [T:化學]自由空間


gravestone

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 graveston、gravestone、gravestan，等價於 grave + stone。

text: The value of gravestone inscriptions for ancestral research has long been recognised. The discovery of a single gravestone may provide more information on the history of a family than could be gleaned from […]

translation: 墓碑铭文在祖先研究中的价值早已得到认可。一块墓碑的发现，或许能提供比从 […] 中收集到的更多家族历史信息。

ref: 2005，William J. Roulston，Researching Scots-Irish Ancestors: The Essential Genealogical Guide to Early Modern Ulster, 1600-1800，Ulster Historical Foundation，→ISBN，41頁：

forms: gravestones (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɹeɪvstoʊn/

headstone

sense: 墓石，墓碑


gargle

forms:
gargles (third-person singular present)
gargling (present participle)
gargled (past participle)

ipa: /ˈɡɑɹɡəl/

rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ɡəl


gargle

forms: gargles (plural)


garish

etymology_texts: 不详，可能源自弃用词中古英語 gawren (“盯着”)，其词源也不详，但可能源自古諾爾斯語 gá (“看”)或gaurr (“粗人”)（原始印歐語 *gʰow-rós，源自*gʰew- (“怒”)）。对比英語 gaw。

text: The dress fits her well, but the pattern is rather garish.

translation: 她穿这件连衣裙很搭，但是裙子的图案太花哨了。

text: Leela: He gave me mechanical ears / Effective though just a bit garish.

ref: 2003年 8月10日，Ken Keeler，「The Devil's Hands are Idle Playthings」，收錄於 Futurama，第5卷，16號（television production），Fox Broadcasting Company：

text: She also said that Thameslink trains were deliberately garish, so as to lure drivers stuck on the M1, which runs alongside the line around Radlett.

ref: 2012，Andrew Martin，Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube，Profile Books, ISBN 978-1846684777，57頁：

date: 自16世纪40年代

forms:
more garish (comparative)
most garish (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡɛəɹɪʃ/


gad

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示加德當語。


goings-on

text: She sent a long letter detailing all the recent goings-on in her life.

translation: 她寄了一封详细描述她生活里发生的各种事的长信。

text: Enkidu is appalled at such goings-on and rises immediately to go to Uruk.

ref: 1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 191:

text: Phoenix's finest watch the goings-on with jaws agape. Machines on thick metal legs with big jangling teeth.

ref: 1996 July, Bruce Sterling, “Is Phoenix Burning”, in Wired, →ISSN:

text: The_Donald wasn’t a place to debate the presidential election, or discuss the latest goings-on with their preferred candidate. “What I’m interested in is letting Donald Trump supporters speak among themselves,” a moderator of the subreddit told me in early 2016.

ref: 2021 January 29, John Herrman, “Everything’s a Joke Until It’s Not”, in The New York Times:

forms: goingson (alternative)


gent

glosses: gen的不定中性單數形式。


garnett

forms:
garnetts (third-person singular present)
garnetting (present participle)
garnetted (past participle)


garnetting

glosses: garnett 的現在時分詞和動名詞


golden

text: Im Schaufenster liegt ein goldener Ring.　橱窗内有个金环。

text: Sie trug ein dunkelblaues Kleid mit goldenen Streifen.　她穿带金色线条的深蓝色服装。

glosses: ［引］辉煌的、奇特的、独特的

text: die goldenen zwanziger Jahre　辉煌二十年

ipa: /ˈɡɔldən/, /ˈɡɔldn̩/


goldeye

glosses: 类似鲱鱼可供食用的淡水鱼


gentile

glosses: gentil 的原级自然阳性定形。


garrote

glosses: m. 粗棍，扎紧，捆紧，绞刑


garrulous

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 garrulus (“多嘴的”)，源自动词garriō (“唠叨”)。

text: She lingered for a few moments, and was garrulous over some detail of the household.

ref: 1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray:

text: Crammed with gossip, anecdotes, and confessions . . ., his garrulous, untidy narratives read like a good novel.

ref: 1984, "A Modern Whitman," by James Atlas. The Atlantic, Dec 1984.

forms:
more garrulous (comparative)
most garrulous (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡæɹ.ʊ.ləs/

ipa: /ˈɡɛɹ.ə.ləs/

ipa: /ˈɡæɹ.ə.ləs/

chatty

sense: 喋喋不休的，非常啰嗦的

bombastic

sense: 啰嗦的，冗长的


garth

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 garth，源自古諾爾斯語 garðr，源自原始日耳曼語 *gardaz，與古英語 ġeard 同源。英語 yard 的同源對似詞。

text: a cloister garth

translation: 迴廊庭院

glosses: 樹林中的一塊空地（多見於北英格蘭地名）

glosses: 信奉日耳曼多神教運動的一群人或一个家庭

text: The Candidate for membership of Hof, Garth or Hearth shall hold an Armill, or he may touch an unsheathed Sword throughout the ceremony.

ref: 2014 November 18, Stubba, The Book of Blots, page 102:

glosses: 现代日耳曼多神教運動仪式和诗歌中的圣地

glosses: 鱼梁，一种用于捕鱼的堤坝或围堰

forms:
garths (plural)
grath (alternative)
garthe (alternative)
gard (alternative)
garde (alternative)
gerth (alternative)

ipa: /ɡɑː(ɹ)θ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-garth.wav

rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)θ

homophone: Garth


garth

etymology_texts: 借自古諾爾斯語 garðr，源自原始日耳曼語 *gardaz，源自原始印歐語 *gʰórdʰos；與古教會斯拉夫語 градъ (gradŭ)同源，中古英語 yerd 的同源對似詞。

forms: garthis (plural)

ipa: /ɡarθ/


garth

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始凱爾特語 *gortos（與愛爾蘭語 gort 同源），繼承自原始印歐語 *gʰórts < *gʰórdʰs < *ǵʰórtos (“围场，院子”)（與拉丁語 hortus、古英語 ġeard 同源）。

forms:
garthau (plural)
geirth (plural)

ipa: /ˈbɨarθ/

rhymes: -arθ


goluptious

forms:
galoptious (alternative)
galuptious (alternative)
more goluptious (comparative)
most goluptious (superlative)


gin

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示希努赫語。


gingerbread

forms: gingerbreads (plural)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪn(d͡)ʒəbɹɛd/

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚbɹɛd/

parts: gin ger bread


gingerly

etymology_texts:
副词可能派生自盎格魯-諾曼語 gençur和古法語 gençor、gensor (“更美丽的，更礼貌的”) [以及其他形式] + 英語 -ly (副词构成后缀)。gençor是gent (“美丽的，英俊的；贵族的，高贵的；礼貌的，彬彬有礼的；流利的；礼貌地；高雅地”)的比较级，源自晚期拉丁語 *gentus，拉丁語 genitus (“出身（好）的”)的变体，gignō (“结，成为...之父；导致，产生”)的被动完成时分词， 最终源自原始印歐語 *ǵenh₁- (“使...诞生；产生”)。
《牛津英语词典》指出，盎格鲁-诺曼语和古法语的12世纪的文献，以及13世纪以后才可考的现代法语词之间存在一个几个世纪的缺口。因而若现代英语词源自盎格鲁-诺曼语和古法语词，则必须是经由口头或已失传的文献传入的（可能是作为舞蹈界的术语）。
形容词派生自副词，可能是因为-ly亦是一个形容词构成后缀。

text: He placed the glass jar gingerly on the concrete step.

translation: 他小心翼翼地将玻璃瓶放在水泥台阶上。

text: Purchasing a snowplow transforms Homer [Simpson] into a new man. Mr. Burns' laziest employee suddenly becomes an ambitious self-starter who buys ad time on local television at 3:17 A.M (prime viewing hours, Homer gingerly volunteers, for everyone from alcoholics to the unemployable to garden-variety angry loners) and makes a homemade commercial costarring his family.

ref: 2012 June 3, Nathan Rabin, “The Simpsons (Classic): ‘Mr. Plow’”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 27 Oct 2020:

text: [Martin Luther] King [Jr.] was later said to have been within a sneeze or a jolt of extinction. Were it not for the pair of cops who gingerly carried him from Blumstein’s department store and the pair of surgeons who performed lifesaving surgery at Harlem Hospital there would have been no "I Have a Dream" speech and likely no national holiday honoring him.

ref: 2014 January 20, Michael Daly, “The Black and White Men who Saved Martin Luther King’s Life”, in The Daily Beast, published 14 April 2017 (update), archived from the original on 18 Jan 2021:

glosses: 步伐小地，优美地；装腔作势地

forms:
more gingerly (comparative)
most gingerly (superlative)

ipa: /ˈdʒɪn(d)ʒəli/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gingerly.wav

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚli/

ginger

sense: 小心翼翼地，谨慎地

parts: gin ger ly


gingerly

text: But, ther's somethin' in the very look and voice of Jeems Strebling, even in his gingerly walk, that riles all the black drop in me.

ref: 1867, R[ebecca] H[arding] Davis, “The Valley of the Shadow”, in Waiting for the Verdict, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon & Company, published 1868, →OCLC, page 174:

text: The down "Atlantic Coast Express", headed by Pacific No. 35020 Bibby Line, passes the scene of operations at a gingerly 10 m.p.h.

ref: 1961 March, Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, image caption, page 185:

text: Several gingerly taps on her console fired clusters of modified probes into the maelstrom of the gas giant’s atmosphere.

ref: 2012, David [Alan] Mack, chapter 28, in Persistence of Memory (Star Trek: The Next Generation; Cold Equations; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, →ISBN, part 3 (Elegy):

glosses: 步伐小的，优美的；装腔作势的

forms:
more gingerly (comparative)
gingerlier (comparative)
most gingerly (superlative)
gingerliest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚli/

ginger

sense: 小心翼翼的


gainsay

forms:
gainsays (third-person singular present)
gainsaying (present participle)
gainsaid (past participle)

ipa: /ɡeɪnˈseɪ/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gainsay.wav

ipa: /ˈɡeɪnˌseɪ/

rhymes: -eɪ


gingivitis

forms:
gingivitides (plural)
gingivites (plural)

ipa: /ˌdʒɪndʒɪˈvaɪtəs/


gingivitis

forms:
gingivìtis (canonical)
гингивѝтис

ipa: /ɡinɡiʋǐtis/

parts: gin gi vi tis


gala

glosses: f. 华丽服装，盛会，华丽的服饰


greenbrier

glosses: 菝葜屬的植物，亦特指圓葉菝葜。


gaslight

text: Open the windows once in awhile and give the air a chance to circulate in and out. In the evening, do not forget that the lamps and gaslights are using up a goodly supply of oxygen also—so freshen things up a little, once in awhile.

ref: 1904, Yogi Ramacharaka [pseudonym; William Walker Atkinson], “Fresh Air”, in Hatha Yoga: Or The Yogi Philosophy of Physical Well-being […], Chicago, Ill.: Yogi Publication Society […], →OCLC, page 222:

text: A year since I strained my eyes very severely, and have never dared to use them much since by gaslight.

ref: 1887, Horatio Alger, Jr., “An Unexpected Engagement”, in Frank Fowler, the Cash Boy (The Alger Series for Boys), New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt, →OCLC, page 86:

forms:
gaslights (plural)
gas light (alternative)
gas-light (alternative)

ipa: /ˈɡæslaɪt/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gaslight.wav

ipa: /ˈɡæsˌlaɪt/

gas lamp

sense: 煤气灯

parts: gas light


gaslight

etymology_texts: 源自英国戏剧家和小说家Patrick Hamilton (1904–1962)所著舞台剧《煤气灯下》及其在1940年和1944年的电影改编。剧中的丈夫通过改变生活环境的一些小细节，如煤气灯的亮度，来使其妻子和其他人认为其妻子丧失了心智。详见英语维基百科。

glosses: 利用煤气灯效应操纵，误导；PUA

text: Sylvia is a beautiful woman whose business-partner husband is "gaslighting" her. (That means he's trying to drive her crazy.)

ref: 1962, "The Journal Pre-Views Tonight's TV." Jersey Journal [Jersey City, NJ]. February 12, 1962: 12 col 6, describing the plot of the episode "Who Is Sylvia" of the television show Surfside 6:

text: [The men of McHale's Navy] decide to "gaslight" the already befuddled captain, to convince him he is going insane.

ref: 1963, "TV Scout." Daily Press [Utica, NY]. November 18, 1963: 24 col 2, describing the plot of the episode "The August Teahouse of Quint McHale" of McHale's Navy:

text: "You're gaslighting me, for chrissakes."

ref: 1964, in an argument between the characters Jenny and Charley in William Goldman's novel Boys and Girls Together, page 564:

text: I came home before he could gaslight me like Boyer did Bergman in the movie.

ref: 1967, Stan Freberg (comedian), on his "most excruciating experience with a producer" as interviewed in Humphrey, Hal. "'Dramatic' Role Played By Freberg." The Oregonian [Portland, OR]. February 11, 1967: II 3 col 3.

text: Just in the nick of time Rachel finds out the truth about her life from Martha. … This is how I wanted to show the gaslighting that had been going on Rachel's entire life.

ref: 2016, Tate Taylor (movie director), in the commentary version of The Girl on the Train (2016 film), discussing a train scene seventy-six minutes into the movie:

text: In fact, political scholars have written a great deal about Trump's gaslighting of the American people on various fronts. For example, Duca (2016) describes Trump's gaslighting as only beginning when he has initially lied or misled about issues—such as falsely claiming that the United States is the highest-taxed country in the world or that crime is on the rise. As Duca puts it: 'The gaslighting part comes in when the fictions are disputed by the media and Trump doubles down on his lies before painting himself as a victim […]'

ref: 2021 September 28, Alexander Brown, An Ethics of Political Communication, Routledge, →ISBN:

forms:
gaslights (third-person singular present)
gaslighting (present participle)
gaslighted (past participle)
gaslit (past participle)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gaslight.wav

head-game

sense: 利用煤气灯效应操纵，误导；PUA

notes: 该词较为模糊的用法包括形容无意的煤气灯效应，甚至广义的撒谎、误导、失之偏颇、奚落等，导致其原严格的词义失去了恶意色彩。详见英语维基百科文章中关于该词过度泛用的介绍。


gonfalon

forms: gonfalons (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɑːn.fə.ˌlɑːn/


greengrocery

etymology_texts: greengrocer + -y，或greengrocer + grocery 組成的混成詞。

text: Where greengrocery is concerned there is a distinction between the sale in the shops or in special greengrocery shops...

ref: 1925, Theodor Cassau, J F Mills, The Consumers' Co-operative Movement in Germany:

text: When William was twenty-four and Emma was twenty-three, they were married and took over a greengrocery in Stratford.

ref: 2004, Patrick McGilligan, Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light:

forms: greengroceries (plural)

greengrocer's

sense: 商店


gip

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示Gimi (Austronesian)。


giraffe

etymology_texts: 源自法語 giraffe（现作girafe），源自阿拉伯語 زَرَافَة (zarāfa，“长颈鹿”)，最终源自波斯語 زُرنَاپَا (zurnāpā)，زُرنَا (zurnā，“长笛”) + پَا (pā，“腿”)的复合词。

glosses: 长颈鹿独轮车，一种很高的独轮车

text: Are you having a giraffe?!

forms:
giraffes (plural)
giraffe (plural)

ipa: /dʒɪˈɹɑːf/

ipa: /d͡ʒəˈɹæf/

rhymes: -ɑːf


giraffe

etymology_texts: 可能经由德語 Giraffe，源自意大利語 giraffa，源自阿拉伯語 زَرَافَة (zarāfa)。

glosses: giraf的另一種拼寫法。

forms:
giraffen (plural)
giraffes (plural)
giraffetje (diminutive)
girafje

ipa: /ʒiˈrɑf/

rhymes: -ɑf

parts: gi raf fe


girasole

glosses: girasol （火蛋白石）的另一写法。


girlie

glosses: 色情杂志，小黄书 （面向成年男性的有裸体或半裸女性的杂志）

text: When Grandma came to visit, the boy hid the girlies in his dresser so she wouldn't see them.

translation: 奶奶过来看小男孩时，他把小黄书藏到自己的梳妆台里不让奶奶看到。

forms:
girly (alternative)
girlies (plural)

dirty magazine

sense: 色情杂志


girlie

glosses: 色情的 （面向成年男性的有裸体或半裸女性的）

text: He said he wasn't paying good money for girlie hair — that's what he called it anytime we wanted to go into town to have a real haircut.

ref: 2005, Victoria Pade, Tales From Elk Creek (page 76)

forms:
girly (alternative)
girlier (comparative)
girliest (superlative)


giro

glosses:
m. 转动，旋转，趋势，趋向，汇款，汇票==葡萄牙語==
旋转；转动，使…转动；旋转，使…旋转；旋转；旋转，使…旋转


gonorrhea

etymology_texts: 源自新拉丁語，源自晚期拉丁語 gonorrhoea，源自古希臘語 γονόρροια (gonórrhoia)，源自γόνος (gónos，“种子，精子”) + ῥοία (rhoía，“流”)（约1526年）。字面分析等同於gono- + -rrhea。

forms:
gonorrhoea (alternative)
gonorrhœa (alternative)
gonorrheas (plural)

ipa: /ˌɡɒn.əˈɹiː.ə/

ipa: /ˌɡɑn.əˈɹi.ə/

rhymes: -iːə


geographically

etymology_texts: 源自 geographic + -ally 或 geographical + -ly。

text: I don’t like geostates (I don’t think many people truly do), but I think geographically localized governance is effective because it reduces interaction by people with contradictory conceptions about good behavior and so reduces conflict while supporting order.

ref: 2014 March 22, Rick Weber, “Polystate: Book 2”, in Notes on Liberty:

text: South West London and Surrey may be geographically close to the airport, but there is no way of reaching Heathrow by rail, short of travelling via central London.

translation: 伦敦西南部和萨里郡虽然地理位置上靠近希思罗机场，但除了绕行伦敦市中心之外，没有其他办法乘坐火车到达机场。

ref: 2019年 10月23日，John Glover，「Heathrow rail expansion」，收錄於 Modern Railways，72頁：


giver

glosses: giva 的現在時直陳式


gremlin

etymology_texts: 源自愛爾蘭語 gruaimín (“阴郁而矮小的人”)或荷蘭語 gremmelen (“弄脏；使...腐败”)，或griemelen、grimmelen (“（弃用）充满，满是”)，然而根据《牛津英语词典》，这一理论缺乏证据。

etymology_texts:
不详，有这几种理论：
本词因1943年出版的《小顽皮》（英国作家罗尔德·达尔著）而普及开来（尤其在美国），其中这种小精灵为了报复英国皇家空军摧毁了他们的森林家园而破坏了他们的飞机，之后他们又与英国合力与纳粹战斗。

date: 自20世纪20年代

glosses: 一种会破坏机械运转的小精灵

text: Like Abominable Snowmen, gremlins have never actually been seen; but nobody who works with electronic gear doubts the existence of these mischievous and elusive entities. There are too many malfunctions and failures that can have no other explanation.

ref: 1963, Arthur C Clarke, chapter 8, in Glidepath, New York: Simon and Schuster, pages 72-73:

text: Crucial time was saved by the fact Nexus didn't require a Transport & Works Act. Nevertheless, other gremlins kept raising their heads.

ref: 2023 November 29, Richard Foster, “Tyne & Wear Metro goes with the flow”, in RAIL, number 997, page 34:

glosses: （原因不明的）问题，毛病

text: We rechecked everything, and we suspect gremlins in the database.

translation: 我们检查了所有地方，现在认为是数据库有毛病。

date: 自20世纪60年代

forms: gremlins (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɹɛmlɪn/

ipa: /ˈɡɹɛmlən/

bug

sense: （原因不明的）问题，毛病

glitch

sense: （原因不明的）问题，毛病

hitch

sense: （原因不明的）问题，毛病

grem

sense: （碍事的）新手

parts: grem lin


gastrectomy

etymology_texts: 國際科技詞彙造詞，代表新拉丁語古典複合形式：gastr- + -ectomy 的合成，源自古希臘語 γαστήρ (gastḗr)。

forms:
gasterectomy (alternative)
gastrectomies (plural)

rhymes: -ɛktəmi


good-looking

etymology_texts: 源自 good + looking。對照荷蘭語 goeduitziend (“好看的”)、德語 gutaussehend (“好看的”)。

text: When one of us sees a good-looking guy, we nudge the other one and smile. One guy had the most gorgeous face I had ever seen. Every time we go to the mall we look around for 'that guy' just in case.

translation: 当我们中有人看到帅哥时，我们会用手肘碰碰另一个人，然后微笑。其中一个男人的脸是我见过的最帅气的。每次我们去商场时，我们都会四处寻找“那个男人”，万一他还在呢。

ref: 2001，Julia DeVillers，Teen Girlfriends：

forms:
goodlooking (alternative)
good looking (alternative)
more good-looking (comparative)
better-looking (comparative)
most good-looking (superlative)
best-looking (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡʊdˈlʊk.ɪŋ/

beautiful

sense: 好看的 （形容人）

parts: good-look ing


grenada

glosses: grenader 的第三人稱單數先過去時


grenada

glosses: grenadă 的定指主格/賓格單數

ipa: [ɡreˈnada]


grenade

etymology_texts: 借自法語 grenade，來自古法語 grenate，出自短語pomme grenate (“石榴”)，源自中世紀拉丁語 pomum (“蘋果”) + granatum (“有種子”)。尾音的 -d 是受到西班牙語 granada的影響，法語進而衍生出該詞。英語 garnet 的同源對似詞。

glosses: 類似炸彈的彈殼，頂部有一團火焰

forms: grenades (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹəˈneɪd/

rhymes: -eɪd


grenade

text: Some of the infantry got pinned down by it, and from cover kept up the battle by grenading rubble piles or any other likely spots ahead of them.

ref: 2001, Samuel Lyman Atwood Marshall, Island Victory: The Battle of Kwajalein Atoll, page 43:

text: They advanced after grenading the next traverse, much like the British did.

ref: 2015, Gordon L. Rottman, The Hand Grenade, page 46:

forms:
grenades (third-person singular present)
grenading (present participle)
grenaded (past participle)


grenade

etymology_texts: 古法語 grenate的實質用法是pomme grenate (“石榴”)，來自北部方言意大利語 pom granat，來自中世紀拉丁語 pomum granatum (“有籽的果實”)，來自拉丁語 grānātum。鉅偉的 -d- 是受到西班牙語 granada的影響衍生。

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Mathieu Denel WMFr-grenade.wav


grenade

glosses:
grenadă 的屈折：
不定複數

glosses:
grenadă 的屈折：
不定屬格/與格單數

ipa: [ɡreˈnade]


grenade

glosses: grena 的過去時直陳式


grep

etymology_texts: 派生自古諾爾斯語 greip，派生自原始日耳曼語 *graipō。

ipa: /ɡreːp/


grep

etymology_texts: 派生自古諾爾斯語 greip，派生自原始日耳曼語 *graipō。


geomancer

glosses: 土占者（使用泥土占卜的方士）

forms: geomancers (plural)


geometric

forms:
more geometric (comparative)
most geometric (superlative)

ipa: /ˌdʒiː.əʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/


gooey

text: gooey liquid

translation: 粘稠液体

forms:
gooier (comparative)
gooiest (superlative)

homophone: GUI

rhymes: -uːi


grid

forms: grids (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹɪd/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-grid.wav

rhymes: -ɪd


gook

etymology_texts: 据蓝登书屋足本词典，“东南亚人或南太平洋人，尤指其此地的敌军成员。另，肤色较深的外国人，尤指中东人”。 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gook

etymology_texts: 据普林斯顿大学词典，此词是一个“对亚洲人的蔑称（尤指越战中的北越士兵）”。 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gook

etymology_texts: 据在线词源词典，“1899年菲律宾起义期间的美国俚语，指‘菲律宾人’，可能来自当地土语，或美军对耳中所听到的当地语言的叽哩呱啦的仿声。20世纪‘goo-goo eyes’(意指，轻佻淫荡的眼神)一词的流行可能与此词有关。此词语意经年放大，可指‘尼加拉瓜人’，‘太平洋岛国人（二战中）’，‘朝鲜人（50年代）’，‘越南人’和‘任何亚洲人’（60年代）”。 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gook

etymology_texts: 据美传统英语词典，“用于东亚裔人的蔑称。可能源于早期菲律宾岛民，太平洋岛民goo-goo的变体”。 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gook

etymology_texts: 在美国，gook在越战语境中特指越南人，尤指越共。通常认为，此词极为冒犯，与nigger的程度不相上下。一次被大加挞伐的微妙而又轰动一时的事件中，在堂而皇之地使用此词来特指他的前越战俘虏后，参议员John McCain（共和党总统参选人）为表达对越裔社会的尊敬而一再为此道歉。 https://web.archive.org/web/20001102101856/http://www.asianweek.com/2000_02_24/feature_mccainapology.html

etymology_texts: 民间词源认为，在朝鲜战争中，当地儿童会指着美军士兵叫喊“미국” (音mee-gook)，即朝鲜话“美国”的意思。美兵耳中听来象是“Me Gook”，好象那些小孩自我定义为“Gooks”。美兵因之用此词来指朝鲜人。实际上，“국” (國，音 gook)字本身意为“国家”；“미국”(音mee-gook)意为“美丽国家”，而“한국”(音Hangook)意为“韩国”。

etymology_texts:
(美军俚语)指外国人的贬义词，尤指东南亚人。如菲律宾人，朝鲜人，越南人。此种族歧视词汇的源流说法不一，彼此矛盾，且不可考。牛津英语词典标注其出处为“未知”。
https://web.archive.org/web/20080715135648/http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/gook.htm

forms: gooks (plural)

ipa: /ɡuk/

ipa: /ɡʊk/

rhymes: -uk

rhymes: -ʊk


goon

etymology_texts: 詞義1（「雇傭打手」；約1938年）很大程度上受到《大力水手》系列漫畫角色艾麗絲的影響。

etymology_texts: 詞義3（「傻瓜」）則因斯派克·米利根與彼得·塞勒斯主演的熱門廣播節目《呆子秀》而得到強化。

etymology_texts: 詞義5（「守衛」）受到上述「打手」與「傻瓜」義項的共同影響，但並未受到《傻瓜秀》的影響，因為該節目是在二戰結束約10年後才出現。

etymology_texts:
詞源樹
原始西日耳曼語 *gumō
古英語 guma
中古英語 gone?
英語 gooney
英語 goon
縮寫自 gooney，源於已廢棄的 gony (“笨蛋”)（約使用於1580年），語源不詳。可能是一個源自中古英語 gone（gome (“男人、人”) 的變體）的親暱稱呼。「Gony」曾被水手用來指代信天翁及類似的大型、笨拙的鳥類（約1839年）。goon 被當作「愚蠢的人」的用法最早出現在1921年左右。比較 低地蘇格蘭語 goni、guni (“惡鬼、妖怪”)，以及瑞典語方言 gonnar (“小精靈、地精”，複數)。

glosses: 打手、暴徒；通常指身材魁梧但智商較低的隨從

text: Efforts to unionize were routinely met with clubbings, shootings, jailings, blacklistings and executions, perpetrated not only by well-armed legions of company goons, but also by police officers, deputies, National Guardsmen and even regular soldiers.

translation: 建立工會的努力通常會遭到毆打、槍擊、監禁、列入黑名單和處決，執行者不僅有武裝精良的公司打手軍團，還有警察、副警長、國民警衛隊成員，甚至是正規軍。

ref: 2009年 2月22日，Kevin Baker，「Blood on the Street」，收錄於 New York Times：

glosses: 受僱對抗爭者進行恐嚇或殺害的殺手

glosses: 蠢人、笨蛋；指行為愚蠢、笨拙或古怪的人

text: Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

translation: 坎皮恩先生表現出深受感動的樣子，這讓她對他產生了好感。他很容易溝通，蒼白的臉上帶著長長的、像小丑般的紋路，簡直是個天生的傻瓜，她懷疑他出生得太早了些。

ref: 1963，Margery Allingham，第5章，收錄於 The China Governess: A Mystery，London：Chatto & Windus，→OCLC：

text: Sending for the goon who sent for me / He's thinking he's hard, yeah, it's Little T

translation: 去找那個找我麻煩的蠢貨 / 他以為自己很硬氣，沒錯，就是 Little T

ref: 2016年 5月5日，「Thinking He's Hard (Little T Reply)」，由 Soph Aspin：

glosses: 執行者，專門負責打架的球員

text: […]a scout from the Flames came down from Saskatoon, said, "There's always room on our team for a goon"

translation: ……一名來自火焰隊的球探從薩斯卡通過來，說道：「我們隊裡永遠有位置留給打手」。

ref: 2002，「Hit Somebody!」，由 Warren Zevon：

glosses: 受僱於人、以合法名義綁架孩童，並將其強制運送至輔導營、寄宿學校、荒野療法機構的人

text: Owen Jenney, Ms. Hamburger's son, got gooned, though he said his goons turned out to be "really nice guys, actually." He is 19 now, a freshman in college, and he remembers arriving in the wilderness frightened and confused, angrily convinced that sending him across the country to Oregon was "way out of proportion" to the situation.

translation: 漢堡女士的兒子歐文·詹尼被強行帶走了，儘管他說那些帶走他的人結果「實際上是很好的人」。他現在 19 歲，是大一新生，他記得剛到達野外時感到恐懼和困惑，憤怒地認為把他橫跨全國送到奧勒岡州與當時的情況相比簡直是「小題大作」。

ref: 2016年 10月20日，Laura Collins-Hughes，「Therapy Becomes Theater in 'Wilderness'」，收錄於 New York Times：

glosses: 喜劇網站《嚇人玩意》的成員

text: These first two steps were time-sensitive. Not only did goons need to beat Imgur's mid-May deadline but they also needed to account for the possibility that Imgur would treat the download as some kind of attack and throttle it — a possibility that, it turns out, never came to pass.

translation: 前兩個步驟具有時效性。成員們不僅需要趕在 Imgur 5 月中旬的截止日期前完成，還需要考慮到 Imgur 可能會將下載視為某種攻擊並進行限速的可能性——事實證明，這種可能性從未發生。

ref: 2023年 5月8日，Adi Robertson，「Something Awful is racing to save the best and worst of web history」，收錄於 The Verge，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2023年8月12日：

forms:
Goon (alternative)
goons (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡuːn/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-goon.wav

audio: EN-AU ck1 goon.ogg

rhymes: -uːn


goon

glosses: 像打手一樣行動；以恐嚇或侵略性的方式對待對手

text: The 23-year-old posted some photos on Instagram on Saturday of himself gooning around for the camera.

translation: 這位 23 歲的小伙子週六在 Instagram 上發布了幾張他在鏡頭前扮醜搞怪的照片。

ref: 2015年 12月27日，「Dennis Quaid's son Jack posts hilarious photo posing with his dad and siblings pulling faces on Christmas Day」，收錄於 The Daily Mail，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2016年1月24日：

text: Imagine losing to a team that gooned it up and attempted to take out your best players with heavy hits?

translation: 想像一下輸給一支大打粗魯球、企圖用猛烈衝撞廢掉你最強球員的球隊會是什麼感覺？

ref: 2019年 6月13日，Dan Shaughnessy，「What experts are saying about the Bruins' Stanley Cup loss」，收錄於 The Boston Globe，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2022年12月22日：

text: Obviously, we wanted to kill Kozlov. We thought it was the dirtiest thing in the world. Things picked up after that. We were out for blood after that. We didn't goon them. They gooned us, really, and we just had to respond.

translation: 顯然，我們想殺了科茲洛夫。我們認為那是世界上最卑鄙的事情。在那之後局勢升級了。我們一心想要報復。我們並沒有對他們動粗。實際上是他們先對我們耍流氓，我們只是不得不做出回應。

ref: 2022年 6月24日，David Fleming，引用 Mike Ricci，「Fight Night at the Joe: Remembering the legendary Colorado Avalanche-Detroit Red Wings brawl of 1997」，收錄於 ESPN，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2022年12月22日：

glosses: 以合法名義綁架孩童，並將其強制運送至輔導營、寄宿學校、荒野療法或類似康復機構

translation: 漢堡女士的兒子歐文·詹尼被強行擄走了，儘管他說那些抓他的人結果「實際上是很好的人」。他現在 19 歲……

text: Some described being "gooned" in the middle of the night by strongmen hired by their family to forcibly transport them to camp.

translation: 有些人描述說，他們在半夜被家人雇用的壯漢綁架，強行送往營地。

ref: 2022年 11月14日，Nicolle Okoren，「The wilderness 'therapy' that teens say feels like abuse: 'You are on guard at all times'」，收錄於 The Guardian：

text: He was soon bungled out of the Patterson family’s California home and into a taxi on the way to the airport. He was being "gooned" - forcibly transported to a place aimed at correcting naughty children's behaviour.

translation: 他很快就被從派特森家在加州的住宅中弄出來，塞進了前往機場的出租車。他正被強行運送——被暴力送往一個旨在矯正頑劣兒童行為的地方。

ref: 2022年 10月9日，Rozina Sabur，「Troubled US teenagers 'snatched' at their parents' request」，收錄於 The Telegraph：

forms:
goons (third-person singular present)
gooning (present participle)
gooned (past participle)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-goon.wav


goon

etymology_texts: 可能衍生自詞源1，源於詞義3（「傻瓜；蠢蛋」）或詞義1（「打手」）。

glosses: 控射；長時間自慰而不達到高潮

text: To goon, Christfister says, "Instead of powering through and jerking off 100 percent to orgasm, you ease off around 90 percent and slowly build up" to the point of no return.

translation: Christfister 說，要進行控射，「你不是一鼓作氣打飛機直到達到高潮，而是在 90% 的時候停下來，然後緩慢累積」直到無法回頭的臨界點。

ref: 2020年 11月21日，Michael Stahl，「The Psychedelic Science of 'Gooning' — Or Masturbating Into a Trance」，收錄於 MEL Magazine，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2022年7月7日：

text: Some gooners use poppers and prescription or illicit drugs to enhance their cave time. “I love to use Adderall or Vyvanse when I goon, it gets you super hyper fixed on the porn, and also very slightly dulls your sensitivity, making you stay on the edge for literally fucking HOURS,” Redditor 420j0bud told me.

translation: 有些「gooners」使用 RUSH 以及處方藥或非法藥物來增強他們的「洞穴時光」。Redditor 420j0bud 告訴我：「我控射的時候喜歡用阿德拉（Adderall）或 Vyvanse，它會讓你超級專注於色情片，還會稍微降低你的敏感度，讓你能在邊緣狀態待上好幾個小時。」

ref: 2023年 3月13日，Samantha Cole，引用 u/420j0bud，「Enter the Goon Cave, Where Porn and Masturbation Is All That Exists」，收錄於 Vice，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2023年6月13日：

glosses: 控射；長時間自慰而不達到高潮 指一般的自慰

fap

sense: 控射；長時間自慰而不達到高潮


goon

etymology_texts: 可能源自 flagon (“大酒瓶”) 的俚語縮略，或源自澳洲原住民英語的 goom。

text: We drank goons of cheap wine.

translation: 我們喝了幾大瓶廉價葡萄酒。

ref: 2009，Stephen Cummings，Will It Be Funny Tomorrow, Billy?: Misadventures in Music，11頁：

text: Once a tap was designed in the 1970s goon climbed quickly to make up about 50 per cent of wine sales in Australia. In the days when restaurants sold "house wine", goon was known for being economical above anything else, and convenient, associated more with families on a budget and people on low incomes.

translation: 當1970年代發明了龍頭設計後，盒裝酒迅速攀升，佔據了澳洲約 50% 的葡萄酒銷量。在餐廳銷售「店酒」的年代，盒裝酒以經濟實惠且方便著稱，多與預算有限的家庭和低收入人群聯繫在一起。

ref: 2021年 12月22日，Adele Wessell，ABC News：

text: ‘On the night of our school graduation he stole a flagon of goon wine and disappeared into the woods. The police found him the next day asleep on the creek.[…]’

translation: 「在我們學校畢業典禮那天晚上，他偷了一大瓶廉價葡萄酒，然後消失在森林裡。警察第二天發現他在小溪邊睡著了……」

ref: 2010，Patrick Holland，The Mary Smokes Boys，128頁：

text: With these instructions, we take turns sipping the wine directly from the bottle on the beach. It′s not the classiest thing to do but the fact that it′s in a bottle already makes it classier than all the boxes of goon we′ve consumed this trip.

translation: 按照這些說明，我們在沙灘上輪流直接對著瓶口喝酒。這不是什麼優雅的事，但比起我們這次旅行喝掉的所有盒裝劣質酒，裝在瓶子裡這件事本身就已經顯得高檔多了。

ref: 2010，Jason Leung，This All Encompassing Trip: Chasing Pearl Jam Around the World，384頁：

text: Red wine was consumed largely by posh folk, white wine meant goon, mention of a Jägerbomb would have sent its father ducking for cover, and ‘sex on the beach’ meant just that.

translation: 紅酒大多是時髦人士喝的，白酒則意味著廉價盒裝酒；提到野格炸彈會讓老一輩的人不知所措，而「性致沙灘」就真的只是字面上的意思。

ref: 2011，E.C. McSween et al.，Boganomics: The Science of Things Bogans Like，未編號頁：

forms: goons (plural)


goon

etymology_texts: 借自日語 呉音 (goon)。

glosses: 吳音；日語漢字最早使用的音讀層次

text: The Buddhist term 権化 is read as gonge, using the kanji's goon readings.

translation: 佛教用語「権化」讀作 gonge，使用的是漢字的吳音讀法。

ipa: /ˈɡəʊˌɒn/

ipa: /ˈɡoʊˌɑn/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-goon (alt).wav

rhymes: -əʊɒn

homophone: go on

parts: go on


goon

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古康沃爾語 goen, gon, goon，繼承自上古康沃爾語 gweun，繼承自原始凱爾特語 *wāgnā (“slope, hollow, depression”)。和愛爾蘭語 fána (“slope”) and 威爾士語 gwaun同源。

forms: gonyow (plural)

ros

sense: 高沼


goon

glosses: goonen 的單數命令式


goon

text: Gii-gichi-onzaamiino goon gii-biboonagak.

translation: 今年冬天有很多雪。

forms:
goonan
goonens (diminutive)
gooning
goonikaang


goose-club

glosses: 为购买耶诞节用鹅而起之合会


glade

glosses: glad 的原级自然阳性定形。


griffin

etymology_texts: 来自 古法語 grifoun，来自 拉丁語 gryphus，来自 古希臘語 γρύψ

glosses: 狮鹫，半狮半鹫的怪兽，长着狮的身躯和鹫的头和翼。参见维基百科条目：狮鹫

forms: griffins (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹɪfɪn/

rhymes: -ɪfɪn


gallego

glosses:
gallego/ga
adj. (西班牙)加利西亚的
m.
f. 加利西亚人
m. 加利西亚方言


gop

etymology_texts: 借自俄語 го́п (góp)。

rhymes: -ɒp


gop

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始阿爾巴尼亞語 *gāupā，繼承自原始印歐語 *gewpeh₂（對比英語 cove、波蘭語 żupa (“礦”，棄用)、古希臘語 γῡ́πη (gū́pē，“洞穴”)）。

forms:
gope (indefinite plural)
gopi (definite singular)
gopet (definite plural)

pidh

sense: 屄，陰戶


gop

forms:
gopu (definite accusative)
goplar (plural)

ipa: [ɟop]

osturaq

sense: 屁

gopçu

sense: 胡言亂語者；說謊者

gopa basmaq

sense: 說謊，亂說


galleon

etymology_texts: galley (一种桨帆船, 以人力划桨为主要动力) + -on (放大性后缀)。

glosses: 嘎里恩帆船。一种流行于古代欧洲的长条形大型帆船，大小仅次于风帆列舰和战斗舰。


geopolitical

forms:
more geopolitical (comparative)
most geopolitical (superlative)


gorgeous

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 gorgeouse，借自中古法語 gorgias (“雅致的，时尚的”)，源自古法語 gourgias、gorgias (“华丽的；花哨的，炫耀的；精致的”)，其词源不详，但可能与古法語 gorgias (“护喉”)有关，其源自古法語 gorge (“胸部；喉咙”)。参见gorge。词义发展可能是“因自豪而挺胸”→“得意，招摇”。

glosses: (指人、地方或景色) 非常漂亮的，华丽的

text: All the contest judges agreed that Brigitt was absolutely gorgeous.

translation: 所有比赛评委都同意Brigitt确实非常漂亮。

text: The sunsets in Hawaii are gorgeous.

translation: 夏威夷的日落非常美。

glosses: 非常令人愉快的；非常美味的，等

text: Hummus is absolutely gorgeous.

translation: 鹰嘴豆泥非常好吃。

forms:
more gorgeous (comparative)
most gorgeous (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡɔːdʒəs/

ipa: /ˈɡɔɹdʒəs/

rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dʒəs


georama

glosses: 內側繪製有世界地圖，以便站在裡面的人觀看的巨大空心球。

forms: georamas (plural)


gastronomy

etymology_texts: 源自法語 gastronomie，源自古希臘語 γαστρονομία (gastronomía)，源自γαστήρ (gastḗr，“胃”) + νόμος (nómos，“知识，律法”)，可作gastro- (“烹饪”) + -nomy (“某领域的知识或律法”)分析。

forms: gastronomies (plural)

ipa: /ɡæˈstɹɒnəmi/

rhymes: -ɒnəmi

parts: gas tro no my


glancing

glosses: glance 的現在時分詞和動名詞

ipa: /ˈɡlɑːnsɪŋ/

rhymes: -ɑːnsɪŋ


glancing

text: His fist caught a glancing blow to my jaw.

translation: 他的一拳擦过我的下巴。

text: She looked with a grudging eye on this waste of life and beauty—there was none for him; and the sight of the coffin, with its deep black pall borne slowly along the glancing path, was a contrast of unutterable misery. It was a relief to change the cheerful meadow for the dark umbrage of the forest which they now entered.

ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 324–325:

forms:
more glancing (comparative)
most glancing (superlative)


glancing

text: No doubt, sometimes there are comprehensive glancings at, and interminglings of different future eras of prophecy.

ref: 1856, David Brown, Christ's second coming: will it be pre-millennial?:

forms: glancings (plural)

glance

sense: 一瞥


gallo

glosses: m. 雄鸡，称王称霸的人


grindings

ipa: /ˈɡɹaɪndɪŋz/


glaring

glosses: 显眼的，扎眼的，显而易见的

text: How could you miss this glaring error? It's right on page one!

translation: 那么明显的错误都没看到？就在第一页！

forms:
more glaring (comparative)
most glaring (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡlɛəɹɪŋ/

ipa: /ˈɡlɛɹɪŋ/

rhymes: -ɛəɹɪŋ

rhymes: -ɛɹɪŋ


glaring

glosses: glare 的現在時分詞和動名詞


glaring

text: Sheldon: A group of cats is a clowder. Or a glaring. It’s the kind of thing you ought to know now that we have one.

ref: 2010, Chuck Lorre et al., The Big Bang Theory, episode “The Zazzy Substitution”

forms: glarings (plural)

clowder

sense: 一群猫

kindle

sense: 一群小猫


gripe

glosses:
f. 流行性感冒==葡萄牙語==
流感


gothic

glosses: 同Gothic（大小写不同）。

forms:
more gothic (comparative)
most gothic (superlative)


gastrula

forms:
gastrulas (plural)
gastrulae (plural)


gastrula

glosses: gastruler 的第三人稱單數先過去時

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-gastrula.wav

homophone: gastrulas

roman: gastrulât


grisly

etymology_texts:
源自中古英語 grisely、grysly、grissliȝ、griselich、grislich，源自古英語 grisliċ (“恐怖的，骇人的”)，源自grīsan (“使...因惧怕而战栗；颤抖，恐惧；使...颤抖，使...害怕”) （不直接可考，但āgrīsan暗示其存在） + -lic (构成形容词的后缀，表示“像...的，与...有关的”)。
其还可能是古英語 ongrislic、agrisenliċ的词首非重音形式，其为agrīsan (“使...因惧怕而战栗”，派生出agrise)的过去分词。
对比丹麥語 grusom、瑞典語 gräslig、中古荷蘭語 grezelijc（现代荷蘭語 griezelig）、中古高地德語 grisenlich（现代德語 grässlich、grausen）。

text: The photographs of the killings depict a grisly scene.

translation: 杀人现场的相片惨不忍睹。

text: Then clad in cloake of mistie fogges the darke night vp did come, / And with grim grislie looke did seeme to bid me get me home; […]

ref: 1610, Richard Niccols, “The Indvction”, in A Winter Nights Vision; being an Addition of such Princes Especially Famous, who were Exempted in the Former Historie, part IV, London: Felix Kyngston, →OCLC; republished as Joseph Haslewood, editor, Mirror for Magistrates, volume II, part II, London: Printed for Lackington, Allen, and Co. Finsbury Square; and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orms, and Brown, Paternoster Row, 1815, →OCLC, page 548:

text: It was sore travelling for horse and man under the blazing sun, with no food nor water save what he pressed from the pith of the palms, and even these were growing scarce. The only life on the plains was the hard and dusty scrub. Every hour brought a more hopeless and grislier desolation.

ref: 1878, John Boyle O'Reilly, “On the Trail”, in Moondyne: A Story from the Under-world, London: George Routledge and Sons, published 1879, →OCLC; republished as Moondyne: A Story of Convict Life in Australia, London: George Routledge & Sons, Limited, Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, [1880s], →OCLC, book first, pages 23–24:

text: We know too well the bestial assault you are making upon the Russian people, to whom our hearts go out in their valiant struggle. We will have no truce or parley with you, or the grisly gang who work your wicked will. You do your worst and we will do our best.

ref: 1941, Winston Churchill, The Unrelenting Struggle:

text: In his [Galway Kinnell's] new book, Body Rags, he has brought this style to a kind of perfection, especially in two poems about the killing of animals, "The Porcupine" and "The Bear." These are the grisliest poems I have ever read.

ref: 1968 summer, Hayden Carruth, “Making It New”, in The Hudson Review, volume XXI, number 2, New York, N.Y.: Hudson Review, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC; reprinted as “From ‘Making It New’ [Body Rags]”, in Howard Nelson, editor, On the Poetry of Galway Kinnell: The Wages of Dying (Under Discussion), Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1987, →ISBN, page 75:

text: Perhaps you have to have seen the first film to like this one; to feel, like the young fans of Harry Potter, that without knowing or wanting it, you have grown up with its grisly protagonists.

ref: 2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn’t disappoint”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 20 Jan 2017:

text: old squirrels that turn grisly

ref: 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

text: The animals found in this province are, deer, elk, buffalo, cabrie, the grisly black bear, and wild horses.

ref: 1830, Josiah Conder, The Modern Traveller: Mexico (continued), Guatemala (page 84)

forms:
grislier (comparative)
grisliest (superlative)
griesly (alternative)
grislie (obsolete alternative)

ipa: /ˈɡɹɪzli/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-grisly.wav

homophone: grizzly

grisy

sense: 恐怖的，骇人的，可怕的

parts: gris ly


grisly

glosses: grizzly (“棕熊”)的棄用形式

text: 1893, Theodore Roosevelt, Hunting the Grisly and Other Sketches

forms: grislies (plural)


grisly

etymology_texts: 源自grisle (“恐怖”) + -ly，对比中古荷蘭語 griselike、中古低地德語 grislike。

text: [A] very fair young gentlewoman [Sir Roger Wentworth's daughter], of twelve years of age, in marvellous manner vexed and tormented by our ghostly enemy, the devil, her mind alienated and raving, with despising and blaspheming of God, and hatred of all hallowed things, […] finally being brought and laid before the image of our blessed lady, was there, in the sight of many worshipful people, so grievously tormented, and in face, eyes, look, and countenance, so grisly changed, with her mouth drawn aside, and her eyes laid out upon her cheeks, that it was a terrible sight to behold. And after many marvellous things, […] restored to their good state, perfectly cured and suddenly.

ref: 1850, William Tyndale, quoting Thomas More, “[The Solutions and Answers unto M. More’s First Book.] The Sixteenth Chapter”, in Henry Walter, editor, An Answer to Sir Thomas More’s Dialogue, The Supper of the Lord after the True Meaning of John VI. and 1 Cor. XI. and Wm. Tracy’s Testament Expounded. By William Tyndale, Martyr, 1536. Edited for the Parker Society, by the Rev. Henry Walter, B.D. F.R.S. [...], Cambridge: Printed at the University Press, →OCLC, page 90, footnote:

text: A valiant Captain of great prowess, as fierce as a fox assaulting a goose, was so hardy to give the first stroke: then got they so grisly together, that great was the activity that day to be seen there on both sides: the one very eager for purchase of prey, the other utterly stout for redemption of liberty: thus, quarrel enflamed the fury on both sides: twice the Danes had the better, but at the last conflict, beaten down, overcome, and many led captive for triumph by our English women.

ref: 1870，George Adlard，「A Letter: Whearin Part of the Entertainment unto the Queen’s Majesty at Killingworth Castl in Warwiksheer in this Somers Progress—1575 is Signified: 源自a Freend Officer Attendant in the Court unto His Freend a Citizen and Merchaunt of London. [...] With Explanatory Notes.」，收錄於 Amye Robsart and the Earl of Leycester; a Critical Inquiry into the Authenticity of the Various Statements in Relation to the Death of Amye Robsart, and of the Libels on the Earl of Leycester, with a Vindication of the Earl by His Nephew Sir Philip Sydney. And a History of Kenilworth Castle, including an Account of the Splendid Entertainment Given to Queen Elizabeth by the Earl of Leycester, in 1575，源自the Works of Robert Laneham and George Gascoigne; together with Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir Robert Dudley, Son of the Earl of Leycester，London：John Russell Smith, 36 Soho Square，→OCLC，142頁：

forms:
more grisly (comparative)
most grisly (superlative)


grisly

text: Whan that Arcite to Thebes comen was / Full ofte a day he ſwelte and ſaid alas / For ſene his lady ſhall be neuer mo / And ſhortely to conclude, all his wo / So mikell ſoro we made neuer creature / That is or ſhalbe, while the world may dure / His ſlepe, his meate, his drinke is him byraft / That leane he waxeth, and drye as a ſhaft / His eyen holow, and griſly to beholde / His hewe pale, and ſalowe as aſhen colde / And ſolitary he was, and euer alone / And wailing all the night, making mone

ref: 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, “folio III, verso”:


grisly

text: In Flanders whilom there was a company / Of yonge folke, that hau[n]ted foly / As haſard, riot, ſtewes, and tauernes / Where as with harpes, lutes, and geternes / Thei dauncen and plaien at dice night & day / And eten alſo, ouer that her^([sic，意為their]) might may / Through which they don the devil ſacrifice / Within the devils temple, in curſed wiſe / By ſuperfluitie abhominable / Her^([sic，意為their]) othes ben ſo great and ſo dampnable / That it is griſly for to here hem ſwere

ref: 1387–1400，Geoffrey Chaucer，「(please specify the story)」，收錄於 The Canterbury Tales，[Westminster：William Caxton，1478] 出版，→OCLC；republished in [William Thynne]（編），The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […]，[London]： […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […]，1542，→OCLC，「“folio LXIII, verso”」，第2zh-hans:列;zh-hant:欄：


gatekeeper

text: The sources the citations are drawn from are significant, being printed books or newspapers subject to editorial processes and gatekeepers of language standards, as opposed to unedited texts such as blogs, chatroom logs or student writing.

ref: 2012, James Lambert, “Beyond Hobson-Jobson: A new lexicography for Indian English”, in World Englishes, page 302:

text: At each station is a level crossing, in addition to others away from stations, and, as both the road and rail traffic are heavy, the gatekeepers (mostly signalmen) are quite busy and have acquired well-merited mention for reducing delays to road traffic to a minimum.

ref: 1946 January and February, G. A. Sekon, “The L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section”, in Railway Magazine, page 15:

glosses: 在解離性身分疾患中，指控制著各種身分存取的人格

forms: gatekeepers (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gatekeeper.wav

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-gatekeeper.wav


gowk

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 goke、gowke，源自古諾爾斯語 gaukr (“杜鵑鳥”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *gaukaz (“杜鵑鳥”)，源自原始印歐語 *gʰegʰuǵʰ- (“杜鵑鳥”)。

text: "Ill-fard, crazy, crack-brained gowk, that she is!" exclaimed the housekeeper.

translation: 「她真是個相貌醜陋、瘋瘋癲癲、腦袋壞掉的呆子！」管家大聲叫道。

ref: 1816，Sir Walter Scott，第8章，收錄於 Old Mortality：

text: "What does it look like?" "Like...like..." Catweazle made boulder-like gestures in the air, "like a wogle-stone, thou gowk."

translation: 「它長什麼樣子？」「像……像……」卡特威澤在空中比劃著大圓石的手勢，「像塊圓石，你這呆子。」

ref: 1971，Richard Carpenter，Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac，Harmondsworth：Puffin Books，83頁：

text: God has sent me gowks for secretaries.

translation: 上帝派了些傻瓜來給我當秘書。

ref: 1976，Robert Nye，Falstaff：

text: `You daft great gowk, puttin' yerself in the way of harm after all this time out of a war.'

translation: 「你這大笨蛋，都從戰場回來這麼久了，還把自己往火坑裡推。」

ref: 2016，Kerry Greenwood，Murder and Mendelssohn，Sydney：Allen and Unwin，303頁：

forms: gowks (plural)

ipa: /ɡaʊk/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gowk.wav

rhymes: -aʊk


gowk

forms:
gowks (third-person singular present)
gowking (present participle)
gowked (past participle)
goke (alternative)
goak (alternative)
gauk (alternative)
gouk (alternative)
geak (alternative)
cowk (alternative)


gowk

etymology_texts: 語源不確定。可能繼承自中古英語 coke, colk (“蘋果或洋蔥的核心、髓”)，繼承自古英語 *colc (“食道；心口；溝、坑”)，繼承自原始西日耳曼語 *kolk，繼承自原始日耳曼語 *kulkaz, *kulukaz (“食道”)，源自原始印歐語 *gʷel- (“吞、嚥；喉嚨”)。可能是英語 coke 的同源對似詞。

glosses: 任何事物的中心部分；髓；核心

date: 至20世紀早期

ipa: [ˈɡæʊ̯ˀk]


gowk

etymology_texts: 對照新挪威語 gulka (“打嗝”)。亦對照 低地蘇格蘭語 cowk (“乾嘔”)、荷蘭語 kolken (“打嗝”)、德語 kolken (“吞嚥”)、方言 德語 kölken、kolksen (“嘔吐”)、丹麥語 kulke (“吞嚥”)。

forms:
gowks (third-person singular present)
gowking (present participle)
gowked (past participle)
goak (alternative)
gouk (alternative)


gowk

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古蘇格蘭語 gowk、golk，繼承自中古英語 goke，源自古諾爾斯語 gaukr，源自原始日耳曼語 *gaukaz。

glosses: 傻瓜、白痴；缺乏智慧或判斷力的人

text: But I say til ye, ‘Onie-ane at is angert at his brither maun thole an assize afore the magistrate.’ ᶠAgain, ‘Onie-ane at says til his brither, “Ye bee-heidit gowk!” maun thole an assize afore the Council.’ But I say: “Onie-ane at says til his brither, “Ye muckle sumph!” maun thole an assize afore ane at can duim til the lowes o hell.’

translation: 但我告訴你們：「凡是對弟兄動怒的，必須受審判。」再者，凡是對弟兄說「你這沒腦袋的蠢貨！」的，必須受議會的審判。但我還說：「凡是說「你這十足的大傻瓜！」的，必須受那能將你投入地獄之火者的審判。」

ref: 1983，威廉·洛里默（譯），低地蘇格蘭語新約聖經，愛丁堡：Canongate，2001 出版，→ISBN，→OCLC，「Matthew 5:22」，第9頁：

ipa: /ɡʌuk/

ipa: /ɡoːk/


gowk

glosses: 愚弄、欺騙（尤其指愚人節玩笑）

glosses: 胡鬧；浪費時間或表現得不嚴肅

forms:
gowks
gowkin
gowkit
gowkit


glaze

forms:
glazes (third-person singular present)
glazing (present participle)
glazed (past participle)

ipa: /ɡleɪz/

rhymes: -eɪz


gam

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示康達沃語。


groggy

glosses: （因酒醉、疲惫等而）昏昏沉沉的，无力的

text: The medicine made him groggy and irritable.

translation: 药让他昏昏沉沉的，脾气还很差。

glosses: （指马）完全用蹄后部走的

forms:
groggier (comparative)
groggiest (superlative)

rhymes: -ɒɡi


groggy

glosses: （因酒醉、疲惫等而）昏昏沉沉的，无力的

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-groggy.wav


glean

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 glenen，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 glener，源自晚期拉丁語 glen(n)ō (“收集”)，源自高盧語，可能源自原始凱爾特語 *glanos。

text: To glean the broken ears after the man / That the main harvest reaps.

ref: c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

text: 容我往田間去，我蒙誰的恩，就在誰的身後拾取麥穗。

ref: Let me now go to the field, and glean ears of corn after him in whose sight I shall find grace.

text: to glean a field

translation: 在田中拣物

glosses: （一点点地）收集，挑拣（有用信息）

text: He said Iran was "well aware of what priceless technological information" could be gleaned from the aircraft.

ref: 8 December 2011, BBC News, Iran shows film of captured US drone, available in http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16098562 :

text: He [August Strindberg] gleaned a living from newspaper work for a few months, but in the summer went to a fishing village […] where […] he wrote his great historical drama Master Olof.

ref: 1912, Edith and Warner Oland, “Biographical Note”, in Three Plays By August Strindberg, page xi:

forms:
gleans (third-person singular present)
gleaning (present participle)
gleaned (past participle)

ipa: /ɡliːn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-glean.wav

rhymes: -iːn

lease

sense: 收集剩下的果实、谷物等

learn

sense: （一点点地）收集，挑拣（有用信息）


glean

text: The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs.

forms: gleans (plural)


groin

glosses:
:groin
猪突出的口鼻部


graceful

text: She is a graceful dancer.

translation: 她是一位优雅的舞者。

text: The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. […] The bed was the most extravagant piece. Its graceful cane halftester rose high towards the cornice and was so festooned in carved white wood that the effect was positively insecure, as if the great couch were trimmed with icing sugar.

ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

text: The athlete's graceful acceptance of the controversial second-place finish won the admiration of the spectators.

translation: 这位运动员从容地接受了备受争议的第二名的成绩，赢得了观众的钦佩。

text: Bringing a system down cleanly will preserve the operating system and some log files, but again will destroy the contents of the RAM (the volatile data). Windows and Linux are two operating systems that require a graceful shutdown.

translation: 彻底关闭系统将保留操作系统和一些日志文件，但同样会破坏RAM的内容（易失性数据）。Windows和Linux是两种需要平滑关闭的操作系统。

ref: 2009，Dale Liu，Cisco Router and Switch Forensics：

forms:
gracefull (archaic alternative)
more graceful (comparative)
most graceful (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡɹeɪsfʊl/

dexterous

sense: 優美的，優雅的

parts: grace ful


glee

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 gle，源自古英語 glēo、glīġ、glēow、glīw (“开心，欢乐，愉悦，玩乐；音乐；嘲弄”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *glīwą (“欢乐”)，源自原始印歐語 *gʰlew- (“开玩笑，享”)。同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 gle、glie、glew (“游戏，玩耍，运动，欢乐，开心，娱乐，音乐，旋律”)、冰島語 glý (“开心，欢乐”)、古希臘語 χλεύη (khleúē，“玩笑，笑话，蔑视”)。中古英语中为诗歌用词，16世纪时被弃用，18世纪被重新起用。

glosses: 愉快，欢乐，快乐 （尤指因自己的好运或者因别人的厄运产生的幸灾乐祸）

text: I watched with glee while your kings and queens fought for ten decades for the gods they made.

ref: 1968，「Sympathy for the Devil」，收錄於 The Rolling Stones（作曲），Beggars Banquet：

text: Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.

ref: 2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:

glosses: 3人以上独唱的无伴奏歌曲 （不一定曲调欢快）

forms: glees (plural)

enpr: glē

ipa: /ɡliː/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-glee.wav

rhymes: -iː

merriment

sense: 愉快，欢乐，快乐 （尤指因自己的好运或者因别人的厄运产生的幸灾乐祸）

mirth

sense: 愉快，欢乐，快乐 （尤指因自己的好运或者因别人的厄运产生的幸灾乐祸）

gaiety

sense: 愉快，欢乐，快乐 （尤指因自己的好运或者因别人的厄运产生的幸灾乐祸）

gloat

sense: 愉快，欢乐，快乐 （尤指因自己的好运或者因别人的厄运产生的幸灾乐祸）


glee

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 gleen、glewen，源自古英語 glēowian (“歌唱，弹奏，玩笑”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *glīwōn，源自原始日耳曼語 *glīwōną。同源词包括冰島語 glýja (“欢喜”)。

forms:
glees (third-person singular present)
gleeing (present participle)
gleed (past participle)


glee

etymology_texts: 源自中古高地德語 klein, kleine，源自古高地德語 kleini，源自原始日耳曼語 *klainiz (“耀眼的，精制的，很好的”)，源自原始印歐語 *gleh₁y- (“紧贴”)。对比德語 klein、荷蘭語 klein。


gleeful

text: During [Tucker] Carlson’s keynote, he wedged sneers at his critics for crying “racist!” in between racist remarks about [Ilhan] Omar, jeremiads against the media (“I know there’s a bunch of reporters here, so . . . screw you”), and an attack on Elizabeth Warren and her donors (“She’s a tragedy, because she’s now obsessed with racism, which is why the finance world supports her”)—all to gleeful applause.

ref: 2019 July 24, David Austin Walsh, “Flirting With Fascism”, in Jewish Currents:

forms:
gleefull (alternative)
more gleeful (comparative)
most gleeful (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡliːfəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gleeful.wav


gaunt

etymology_texts:
源自中古英語 gawnt、gawnte (“瘦的”)，源自古法語 [具體何詞?]，可能源自斯堪的纳维亚或北日耳曼語支源头，与古諾爾斯語 gandr (“魔杖，棍”)有关，源自原始日耳曼語 *gandaz (“棍”)，源自原始印歐語 *gʷʰen- (“打，驱使”)。
与冰島語 gandur (“魔杖”)、挪威語 gand (“高而尖的棒子；又高又瘦的人”)、丹麥語 gand、gan、挪威語 gana (“修剪的树枝”)、巴伐利亞語 Gunten (“一种楔或钉”)。亦与古英語 gūþ (“战斗”)、拉丁語 dēfendō (“抵挡，避开，防御”)有关。亦对比瑞典語方言用词gank (“瘦马”)。

text:
Hanging from the beam,
 Slowly swaying (such the law),
Gaunt the shadow on your green,
 Shenandoah!

ref: 1866, Herman Melville, Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, The Portent:

text: A gaunt Wolf was almost dead with hunger when he happened to meet a House-dog who was passing by.

ref: 1894, Joseph Jacobs, chapter 1, in The Fables of Aesop:

text: Far away I saw a gaunt cat slink crouchingly along a wall, but traces of men there were none.

ref: 1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 239:

text: In the dim light of a foggy November day the sick room was a gloomy spot, but it was that gaunt, wasted face staring at me from the bed which sent a chill to my heart.

ref: 1917, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 5, in His Last Bow:

text: The present stage of progress in Christian Science presents two opposite aspects, — a full-orbed promise, and a gaunt want.

ref: 1896, Mary Baker Eddy, “The Way”, in Miscellaneous Writings 1883-1896, page 355:

text: Behind me, rose up, to an extraordinary height, gaunt, black cliffs.

ref: 1908, William Hope Hodgson, chapter 14, in The House on the Borderland:

forms:
gant (alternative)
gent (alternative)
gaunter (comparative)
gauntest (superlative)
gant (alternative)

enpr: gônt

ipa: /ɡɔːnt/

enpr: gänt

ipa: /ɡɑːnt/

rhymes: -ɔːnt

rhymes: -ɑːnt


groovy

glosses: 沟槽的，与沟槽有关的；有沟槽的

text: The back of the tile was groovy so that it could hold the adhesive compound.

translation: 地砖背面有很多沟槽来容纳粘性物质。

glosses: 习惯根深蒂固的，一成不变的

text: She'd give anything to be able to believe it, but she's a hard woman, and brooding along certain lines makes one groovy.

ref: 1909, Rudyard Kipling, The House Surgeon

forms:
groovey (alternative)
groovier (comparative)
grooviest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈɡɹuvi/

rhymes: -uːvi


groovy

etymology_texts: 源自短语in the groove，原指代早期留声机唱片的沟槽。

text: When you move me, everything is groovy.

ref: 2012, Pat Monahan (Train), Drive By (song lyrics):

text: Men In Black 3 lacks the novelty of the first film, and its take on the late ’60s feels an awful lot like a psychedelic dress-up party, all broad caricatures and groovy vibes.

ref: 2012 May 24, Nathan Rabin, “Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club:

text: Well, I love it! Move really fast, reverse time, save everyone? That sounds groovy! I’m gonna have to try that some day!

ref: 2015年 2月12日，Tina Alexander and Daniel Baxter，「How X-Men: Days of Future Past Should Have Ended」，收錄於 How It Should Have Ended，第7卷，第3號，由 Superman（Daniel Baxter），How It Should Have Ended，透過 YouTube：

date: 20世纪40年代、60-70年代流行


groovy

etymology_texts: 源自短语in the groove，原指代早期留声机唱片的沟槽。

forms:
groovey (alternative)
groovies (plural)


gamekeeper

forms:
game keeper (alternative)
game-keeper (alternative)
gamekeepers (plural)


grossly

text: grossly inflated expectations

translation: 非常夸大的期待

text: grossly enlarged hepatic lobes, evident on palpation

translation: 明显肥大的肝叶，通过触诊非常明显

text: Third-class carriages are grossly overcrowded, with passengers lying on the luggage racks, standing between the benches, and occasionally even riding on the footboards and clinging to the outsides of the coaches for short distances.

ref: 1950 February, W. Dendy, “Impressions of the Indian Railways—3”, in Railway Magazine, page 120:

text: Barker believed that evidence was emerging that a "solid proportion" of operations were "grossly uneconomic", and that no amount of improvement in equipment would make them viable. He suggested that "while the superstructure of the report is correct, the foundations require radical re-examination".

ref: 2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, number 978, page 42:

text: grossly misjudged

translation: 严重误判

text: grossly inflamed

translation: 严重发炎

text: A draft deal to cut global fossil fuel production is “grossly insufficient” and “incoherent” and will not stop the world from facing dangerous climate breakdown, according to delegates at the UN’s Cop28 summit.

ref: 2023 December 11, Fiona Harvey, Patrick Greenfield, Nina Lakhani, Adam Morton, Damian Carrington, “Cop28 draft climate deal criticised as ‘grossly insufficient’ and ‘incoherent’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

text: The men were talking grossly about their sexual conquests.

translation: 那帮男人在讨论性征服话题，令人作呕。

ipa: /ˈɡɹoʊsli/

ipa: /ˈɡɹəʊsli/

gravely

sense: 严重地

disgustingly

sense: 恶心地

parts: gross ly


gametangium

glosses: 配子囊,擁有配子體的器官。


glider

glosses: glida 的現在時直陳式


gradual

glosses:
adj. 逐渐的==葡萄牙語==
逐渐的


groundhog

glosses: 美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

forms:
ground-hog (alternative)
ground hog (alternative)
groundhogs (plural)

whistle-pig

sense: 美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）

woodchuck

sense: 美洲旱獺，北美土撥鼠（Marmota monax）


gerontocracy

text: It would come as no surprise to find that optimum science policy is apt to be developed neither by gerontocracy nor by juvenocracy but, like the community of scientists itself, by age-diversified meritocracy.

ref: 1972, Harriet Zuckerman, Robert K. Merton, “Age, Aging, and Age Structure in Science”, in Matilda White Riley, Marilyn Johnson, Anne Foner, Aging and Society, volume 3 (A Sociology of Age Stratification), New York, N.Y.: Russell Sage Foundation, →ISBN, page 337:

text: But in his 1996 novel, Holy Fire, [Bruce] Sterling imagines a rather different future: a world ruled by an all-powerful gerontocracy, which appropriates most of the world's wealth to pay for ever more costly life-extension techniques.

ref: 1997 March 9, Paul Krugman, “Does Getting Old Cost Society Too Much?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

text: He [Koizumi] was what would pass for a political maverick among Japan's faceless gray gerontocracy.

ref: 2018, Mikiso Hane, Modern Japan: A Historical Survey, 5th edition, Routledge, →ISBN:

forms: gerontocracies (plural)

ipa: /ˌdʒɛɹənˈtɒkɹəsi/

juvenocracy

sense: 老人政治


groundless

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 groundles，來自古英語 grundlēas，來自原始日耳曼語 *grundulausaz。

forms:
more groundless (comparative)
most groundless (superlative)


gazebo

forms:
gazebos (plural)
gazeboes (plural)

ipa: /ɡəˈziːbəʊ/

ipa: /ɡəˈziːboʊ/

rhymes: -iːbəʊ


gerrymander

etymology_texts: Gerry + salamander 組成的混成詞，得名于时任马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里。1812年3月26日，《波士顿小报》的编辑在一篇文章中将格里签署生效的新选区边界比作神话中的蝾螈，由此造出该词。原文很可能出自内森·黑尔等人。

glosses: 格里蝾螈，以不公正方式划分地理区域的投票选区，使某政党在选举中获取不当优势。

glosses: 以违反直觉的方式划分其他类型区域的分界线，以偏袒特定群体或谋取其他利益。

forms:
Gerrymander (obsolete alternative)
gerrymanders (third-person singular present)
gerrymandering (present participle)
gerrymandered (past participle)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛɹ.iˌmæn.dəɹ/

ipa: [-mɛən-]

ipa: [-meːn-]

rhymes: -ɛɹimændə(ɹ)

parts: ger ry man der


gerrymander

glosses: 以不公正方式划分的选区.

forms:
Gerrymander (obsolete alternative)
gerrymanders (plural)

ipa: /ˈd͡ʒɛɹ.iˌmæn.dəɹ/


grounds

glosses: (法律学,可数) 理由。

ipa: /ɡɹaʊndz/


grounds

etymology_texts:
出自 ground ("土地"或"基础, 地基")。
出自 grind ("研磨") 的过去分词 ground。


grouse

forms:
grouse (plural)
grouses (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹaʊs/

rhymes: -aʊs


grouse

forms:
grouses (third-person singular present)
grousing (present participle)
groused (past participle)


gecko

etymology_texts: 现代形式可能是由荷蘭語 gekko（1718年）借入英语和其他欧洲语言 (1718）。当时在英语中的形式为chacco（1711年）和jackoa（1724年）。之后的来源不详。一些文献提出了馬來語 gekok、gekoq或gekop，它们可能是仿自壁虎的叫声。其他理论认为源自亞齊語 gèh-gòh (“忙的”)。

text: Order II. Sauria. […] The heart has two auricles. The body is covered with scales, and there are three or four feet. The lungs are large, and extend along the back. The mouth is armed with teeth, and the toes with claws. The tail is long, and often thick at the base. […] Geckotida—geco

ref: 1839, William Rhind, “Reptiles”, in Elements of Zoology; Embracing a View of Life as Manifested in the Various Gradations of Organized Beings, Edinburgh: Fraser & Crawford; John Anderson, Junior; and Maclachlan & Stewart; Smith, Elder, & Co. and H. Washbourne, London; W. Curry, Junior, & Co. Dublin, →OCLC, pages 85–86:

text: Leishmania infantum in Experimental Animals.—Experiments were carried out with geckoes, white mice, field mice (Microtus güntheri) and hamsters (Cricetus auratus and Cricetulus griseus).

ref: 1931, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences, volume 108, London: Royal Society of London, →OCLC, page 456:

text: GECKOES constitute a family of lizards remarkable for the large number of species it contains. They are also remarkable for a number of other features: for the readiness with which they have taken to living in houses, for their voices, the structure of their feet, the variation in the shape of the tail and for their eyes. […] As with the more familiar lizards, geckoes have the ability to cast the tail, and counts show that in some species two out of every five individuals have cast the tail and regenerated a new one.

ref: 1962, Maurice Burton, “Geckoes”, in The Illustrated London News, volume CCXL, number II, London: Illustrated London News & Sketch Ltd., →OCLC, page 548:

text: Family Gekkonidae (gekkos). In gekkos the skull is short and flat; the upper temporal bone arch is missing; the post-orbital and lacrimal bones are absent; and the jugal bone is very reduced.

ref: 1971, Victorian Year Book, Melbourne, Vic.: Government Printer, →OCLC, page 23:

text: Many lizards, including the British common and sand lizards of the family Lacertidae, clamber over rocks with great agility; none matches the geckoes, some of which can run up, down, or across vertical glass as easily as most beasts run on the flat, and indeed can happily traverse ceilings.

ref: 1975 September 27, Colin Tudge, “How Gekko gecko defies gravity: A careful anatomical study of geckoes, those extremely agile climbing lizards, reveals an extraordinary degree of adaptation of the foot bones and muscles”, in New Scientist, volume 67, number 968, London: New Science Publications, →OCLC, page 696:

text: Other reptiles found in the district are the chamaeleon, geco and monitor lizard, the last getting extinct due to netting and shooting. It is now protected by law.

ref: 1988, Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Aligarh, volume 20, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India: Government of Uttar Pradesh, →OCLC, page 15:

text: The marvelous ability of geckos to run down trees, surefooted and head first, was first noted by Aristotle over two thousand years ago. However, Aristotle was not able to see the tiny hairs, called setae, that cover the toes of geckos and empower this feat. The setae are part of an adhesive system that allows geckos to maneuver on a wide variety of substrates, to run upside-down, and to arrest their falls. Geckos can run vertically at over 1 m/s and can carry over twice their body weight up smooth, vertical surfaces.

ref: 2009 January, Ginel Corina Hill, “Introduction”, in Dual-axis MEMS Force Sensors for Gecko Adhesion Studies (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, page 1:

text: The potential uses for gecko-inspired adhesive products are nearly endless. People have found possible uses for them from sports and robotics, to medicine and home improvement.

ref: 2014, Wil Mara, From Gecko Feet to Adhesive Tape (Innovations from Nature), Ann Arbor, Mich.: Cherry Lake Publishing, →ISBN, pages 21–22:

text: By day, Golden-tailed Geckoes rest under curls of bark, the underside of branches, or in tree hollows but they seem to be fond of heat so these geckoes may even be in a situation where the sun shines on their daytime retreat all day. The Golden-tailed Gecko is an invertebrate-eater and by night its adhesive toe pads allow it to prowl the branches of Brigalow trees with ease, looking for small insects and spiders to capture.

ref: 2016, Martyn Robinson, Australian Wildlife after Dark, Clayton, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN:

forms:
chacco (alternative)
geco (obsolete alternative)
gekko (obsolete alternative)
jackoa (obsolete alternative)
geckos (plural)
geckoes (plural)

rhymes: -ɛkəʊ

geckotid

sense: 壁虎

parts: gec ko


gecko

glosses: 像壁虎一样移动（贴在垂直或朝下的平面上）

text: An emergency handpad, geckoed to the expanding bulkhead, slid past to one side. Sarasti grabbed it and tapped commands.

ref: 2006 October, Peter Watts, Blindsight, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN, page 344:

text: And as Dave geckoed his way along the walls, he began seeing more and more skid marks left behind by Damien's Sewer Cruiser.

ref: 2009, Wendelin Van Draanen, The Gecko & Sticky: The Greatest Power, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 33:

text: "H-h-here, boss!" Angelo called, and with that Dave kicked into gear, geckoing across the rest of the ceiling to the safety of the adjacent service room.

ref: 2010, Wendelin Van Draanen, The Gecko & Sticky: Sinister Substitute, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 121:

forms:
chacco (alternative)
geco (obsolete alternative)
gekko (obsolete alternative)
jackoa (obsolete alternative)
geckos (third-person singular present)
geckoing (present participle)
geckoed (past participle)


gecko

etymology_texts: 源自荷蘭語 gekko，可能源自馬來語或亞齊語。对比英語 gecko。

forms: geckos (plural)

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-gecko.wav


grove

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 grove、grave，源自古英語 grāf、grāfa (“树林，矮林”)，对比英語 groove。与古英語 grǣf、grǣfe (“矮林，树丛”)和古英語 grǣfa (“树丛”)有关。更多参见greave。

text: Religious sodomy was practised by male prostitutes in the Hebrew temple groves, which was one of the abominations of Israel that Josiah cleared away.

ref: 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 160:

forms: groves (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹəʊv/

ipa: /ɡɹoʊv/

rhymes: -əʊv


grove

text: It is called "Orchard Lake," from the fact, that near the centre is an island embracing an area of about fifty acres of land, well groved with different kinds of shrubbery; and near the centre of this island stand a number of aged apple-trees, planted, perhaps, a century since by the hand of some Indian.

ref: 1841, R, Sapp, Orchard Lake, in L. L. Hamline (editor), The Ladies Repository, Volume 1, page 165,

text: The trees and shrubs are not arranged after any particular system, but are scattered or groved together in various parts of the garden.

ref: 1822, Robert Chapman, The Topographical Picture of Glasgow in its Ancient and Modern State, 3rd Edition, page 195,

text: Virtually recognizable groving occurs in some A. aneura associations in the west. Further east some diffuse groving may occur, but is difficult to recognize without the benefit of aerial photographs.

ref: 1984, Queensland Botany Bulletin, Issue 3, Department of Primary Industries, page 82,

glosses: 周期性收获来保持树的整齐并保证将来的收成

text: In Herefordshire, especially on the northern and eastern sides, Oak timber abounds; and in many of the woods it is usual to have felling at periods varying from sixteen to twenty years; the straightest and handsomest are left for timber, or, as it is called, groved; and they are from time to time thinned, and a regular distance kept between them. The effect produced on these groved trees is, that from being exposed to air and sun, the rapidity of their growth is increased in bulk, height, and quality; and in sixty or eighty years they become valuable timber.

ref: 1842 February 5, The Gardeners Chronicle, page 86,

text: Very frequently, however, to shorten the distance to the upper nurseries, where they^([the ants]) have to take the eggs, they project an arch of about ten inches in length, and half an inch in breadth, groved or worked into steps, on its upper surface, to allow of a more easy passage.

ref: 1823, Instinct, in "Sholto and Reuben Percy" (Thomas Byerley), The Percy Anecdotes: Original and Select, Volume 9: Instinct—Ingenuity, page 138,

text: The floor of first story and piazza to be laid with Georgia pine, in narrow courses planed, groved and tongued, and laid in the best manner.

ref: 1841, New York State Assembly, Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Volume 2, page 14,

forms:
groves (third-person singular present)
groving (present participle)
groved (past participle)

groove

sense: 凿


grove

forms:
grof (alternative)
grave (alternative)


grove

etymology_texts: 继承自古英語 grāf、grāfa。

ipa: /ˈɡrɑːv(ə)/

ipa: /ˈɡrɔːv(ə)/


grovel

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 *grovelen，源自古諾爾斯語 grufla、grœfla (“拜倒”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubilōną (“挖，潜入”)，源自原始印歐語 *gʰrebʰ‑ (“挖，挠”)，等价于古諾爾斯語 á grufu (“趴着”)（→古諾爾斯語 grúfa (“趴着”)）同源词包括低地蘇格蘭語 grovel、gruvil (“拜倒”)、德語 grübeln (“思考”)、新挪威語 gruvla (“趴着”)。亦对比西弗里斯蘭語 groebeltsje (“弄乱，搞糟；逃学”)、荷蘭語 grobbelen (“挖出”)。

text: In the tube station, the old ones who were on the way out / Would dribble and vomit and grovel and shout

ref: 1985，Shane MacGowan，「The Old Main Drag」，收錄於 Rum Sodomy & the Lash，由 The Pogues：

forms:
grovels (third-person singular present)
groveling
grovelling
groveled
grovelled

ipa: /ˈɡrɒvəl/

ipa: /ˈɡrʌvəl/

rhymes: -ɒvəl

rhymes: -ʌvəl


gloat

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 *gloten、glouten，源自古諾爾斯語 glotta (“讥笑”)或古英語 *glotian，两者源自原始日耳曼語 *glutōną (“盯”)，源自原始印歐語 *gʰel- (“闪”)，与方言词瑞典語 glotta、glutta (“偷看，瞄”)、中古高地德語 glutzen、glotzen (“盯”)、现代德語 glotzen (“瞪”)有关。

glosses: 得意（地看着）； 幸灾乐祸（地看着）

text: You did well to win the game, but there's no need to gloat about it.

translation: 你发挥好赢了比赛，但没有必要那么得意洋洋。

forms:
glote (alternative)
glout (alternative)
gloats (third-person singular present)
gloating (present participle)
gloated (past participle)

ipa: /ɡloʊt/

ipa: /ɡləʊt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gloat.wav

rhymes: -əʊt


gloat

forms:
glote (alternative)
glout (alternative)
gloats (plural)


geek

text: 尋找薯芋

ref: geek man geek mueng


groveling

glosses: grovel 的現在時分詞和動名詞

text:
New ways I must attempt, my groveling name
To raise aloft, and wing my flight to fame.

ref: 1697, John Dryden, Georgics, translation of original by Virgil, Book III, lines 13–14:

forms: grovelling (alternative)


groveling

glosses: grovel 的動詞性名詞

forms:
grovelling (alternative)
grovelings (plural)


growing

glosses: (作定语) 与生长有关的。

text: The growing season here begins in March.

text: 生长季节从三月开始。

forms: growings (plural)

ipa: /ˈɡɹoʊɪŋ/

ipa: /ˈɡɹəʊɪŋ/

rhymes: -əʊɪŋ


growing

text: Milk is good for growing children.

text: 牛奶对发育中的孩子有益。


grub

etymology_texts:
源自中古英語 grubben、grobben，源自古英語 *grubbian，源自原始西日耳曼語 *grubb-，源自原始日耳曼語 *grubb-（对比中古荷蘭語 grobben (“刮；爬；拿”)、古高地德語 grubilōn (“挖；搜”)、德語 grübeln (“思考，斟酌”)），源自原始日耳曼語 *grub- (“挖”)（对比*grabaną）。
“幼虫”一意源自中古英語 grub、grubbe、grobbe、crubbe，可能发展自将上面动词解读成“挖昆虫”的说法，或源自中古英語 grub (“矮子”)，其不确定是否与本词有关。对比西弗里斯蘭語 krobbe (“昆虫”)。俚语义“食物”首个记载见于1659年，被认为是与鸟吃幼虫产生联想而发展来的，或者可能与bub (“饮料”)产生了联想。

text: pub grub

translation: 酒吧食品

text: "The rice ration's down to nearly damn-all in the kampongs, but we keep finding dumps of grub in the forest."

ref: 1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 298:

forms:
grob (alternative)
grubs (plural)

ipa: /ɡɹʌb/

audio: EN-AU ck1 grub.ogg

rhymes: -ʌb

larva

sense: 幼虫


grub

glosses: 挖；将...连根挖起 （常后接up）

text: to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge

translation: 连根挖起树，灌木丛或莎草

text: They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin.

ref: 1846, Julius Hare, The Mission of the Comforter:

forms:
grob (alternative)
grubs (third-person singular present)
grubbing (present participle)
grubbed (past participle)


grub

glosses: graben 的單數簡單過去時

ipa: /ɡʁuːp/

rhymes: -uːp


grub

etymology_texts: 繼承自原始斯拉夫語 *grǫbъ。

forms:
grȗb (canonical)
гру̑б
grȗbī
grȕbljī (comparative)

ipa: /ɡrûːb/