一貫道

forms: 一贯道 (Simplified-Chinese)

zh_pron: Yīguàndào

zh_pron: ㄧ ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄉㄠˋ

zh_pron: it-koàn-tō

zh_pron: yíguàndào

zh_pron: yiguàndào

zh_pron: yī-gwàn-dàu

zh_pron: iguanndaw

zh_pron: игуаньдао

roman: iguanʹdao

ipa: /i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ku̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

zh_pron: it-kuàn-tō

zh_pron: itkoarndoi

ipa: /it̚³²⁻⁴ ku̯an²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/

ipa: /it̚⁵⁻²⁴ ku̯an⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ to⁴¹/

ipa: /it̚³²⁻⁵ ku̯an²¹⁻⁵³ to²²/

ipa: /it̚³²⁻⁴ ku̯an¹¹⁻⁵³ to³³/

ipa: /it̚³²⁻⁴ ku̯an²¹⁻⁴¹ tɤ³³/


overeat

pos: verb

pos_title: 動詞

forms:
overeats (third-person singular present)
overeating (present participle)
overate
overeaten (past participle)

ipa: /ˌoʊvɚˈit/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-overeat.wav

ipa: /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈiːt/

rhymes: -iːt


overestimate

forms:
overestimates (third-person singular present)
overestimating (present participle)
overestimated (past participle)


obelisk

pos: noun

pos_title: 名词

etymology_texts: < (1569) 中古法語 obelisque < 拉丁語 obeliscus（同义） < 古希臘語 ὀβελίσκος (obeliskos)——ὀβελός (obelos)（“针”）的指小。

glosses: 短剑号 (†)；疑问记号

forms: obelisks (plural)


obesitas

pos_title: 名詞

forms:
obèsitas (canonical)
obesitas-obesitas (plural)

parts: obè si tas


obfuscate

forms:
obfuscates (third-person singular present)
obfuscating (present participle)
obfuscated (past participle)

ipa: /ˈɒbfəskeɪt/

ipa: /ˈɑbfəskeɪt/

ipa: /ˈɔbfəskæɪt/

ipa: /ˈɒbfəskæɪt/

ipa: [ˈɔ̟bfəskæɪt]


obi

pos: symbol

pos_title: 符號

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示奧比斯佩諾語。


obi

etymology_texts: 借自日語 帯 (obi)。

parts: o bi


off-line

pos: unknown

glosses:
* [S:化学]离线
'
* [T:化學]離線
* [简体]:离线[通信]
* [正體]:離線，離機[通訊]
* 正體: 離線，離機[通訊工程]
* 正體: 離線；離線的；線外[電子計算機]


operational

pos: adj

pos_title: 形容詞

forms:
more operational (comparative)
most operational (superlative)

ipa: /ɔpɜˈɹeɪʃənəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-operational.wav


objector

text: "It would be amusing, sir, to shut these various objectors up in a room and let them settle it among themselves."

ref: 1926, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist:

forms: objectors (plural)


operative

glosses: operativ 的原级自然阳性定形。


ophicleide

forms: ophicleides (plural)

ipa: /ˈɒfɪklaɪd/

ipa: /ˈɔfɪklaɪd/


obligate

glosses: obligi 的現在時副詞形被動分詞


obligato

glosses: obligi 的單數現在時名詞形被動分詞

forms:
obligaton (accusative singular)
obligatoj (plural)
obligatojn (accusative plural)

ipa: /obliˈɡato/

roman: o‧bli‧ga‧to


obligor

forms: obligors (plural)

ipa: /ˈɒblɪɡɔː/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-obligor.wav


obligor

glosses: obligō 的第一人稱單數現在時被動態直陳式

glosses: (异相动词) dēbeō的同義詞


paramecium

etymology_texts: 來自古希臘語 παραμήκης (paramḗkēs，“橢圓形的”)，來自μῆκος (mêkos，“長的”)。

text: The sun beats on his eyelids; inside them a paramecium revolves. A blink and it changes pattern like a kaleidoscope.

ref: 1983, Robert Drewe, The Bodysurfers, Penguin 2009, page 144:

text: Edgar noticed that Clyde was wearing a necktie with a driblet design. The little figures made him think of paramecia, sinister organisms with gullets and feeding grooves.

ref: 1997, Don DeLillo, Underworld, 2003 edition, →ISBN, page 560:

forms:
paramecia (plural)
parameciums (plural)

parts: par a me ci um


paramecium

forms:
parameciī (genitive)
paramecī (genitive)


offering

glosses:
offer 的動名詞
提出

glosses:
offer 的動名詞
提供

glosses:
offer 的動名詞
奉献物

glosses:
offer 的動名詞
牲礼

glosses:
offer 的動名詞
赠品

glosses:
offer 的動名詞
奉现

forms: offerings (plural)

ipa: /ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/

ipa: /ˈɒfəɹɪŋ/

ipa: /ˈɑfəɹɪŋ/


pachyderm

etymology_texts: 借自法語 pachyderme，相當於 pachy- (“厚”) + -derm (“皮膚”)。

text: And so it happened that before the elephant realized that his new enemy had leaped from his path Tarzan had driven his iron-shod spear from behind the massive shoulder straight into the fierce heart, and the colossal pachyderm had toppled to his death at the feet of the ape-man.

translation: 就在大象尚未察覺新敵人已從牠的行進路線躍出時，泰山已將鐵鑲的長矛從牠厚重的肩後直刺入兇猛的心臟，那龐大的厚皮動物轟然倒下，死在猿人腳下。

ref: 1913年，愛德加·萊斯·巴勒斯，The Return of Tarzan，紐約：Ballantine Books，1963年 出版，132頁：

text: Among five score pachyderm / Each canopied and passengered / Sit the duke and the duchess' luscious young girls

translation: 在一百頭厚皮動物之中 / 每一頭都覆蓋華蓋、載著乘客 / 公爵與公爵夫人的嬌美少女們坐在其中

text: In September 2008[…] Portfolio rented an elephant to illustrate an article about JPMorgan Chase’s credit derivatives desk, because the editors had decided on the headline “The $58 Trillion Elephant in the Room.” Condé spent about $30,000 photographing the pachyderm, instead of using a stock image.

translation: 2008年9月，《Portfolio》租了一頭大象來為一篇關於摩根大通信用衍生品部門的文章配圖，因為編輯決定用「房間裡的58兆美元大象」作為標題。康泰花費約三萬美元拍攝這頭厚皮動物，而不是使用庫存圖片。

ref: 2025年 6月27日，Michael M. Grynbaum，「The Concorde-and-Caviar Era of Condé Nast, When Magazines Ruled the Earth」，收錄於 紐約時報，→ISSN，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2025年6月27日：

glosses: 厚臉皮的人；不在乎他人言語的人

forms: pachyderms (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pachyderm.wav


overprotect

forms:
overprotects (third-person singular present)
overprotecting (present participle)
overprotected (past participle)


overprotection

text: parental overprotection

translation: 父母過度保護

forms: overprotections (plural)

ipa: /ˌəʊvəpɹəˈtɛkʃən/

ipa: /ˌoʊvɚpɹəˈtɛkʃən/


perchance

pos: adv

pos_title: 副词

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 parchaunce，源自古法語 par cheance (“碰巧”)。

text: A great black bird, Apollyon's bosom-friend, / Sailed past, nor beat his wide wing dragon-penned / That brushed my cap—perchance the guide I sought.

ref: 1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, XXVII:

ipa: /pɜː(ɹ)ˈtʃɑːns/

rhymes: -ɑːns


obnoxious

etymology_texts: 來自拉丁語 obnoxiōsus (“有害的，危險的”)，來自obnoxius (“受懲罰的；有危險的”)，來自ob (“面對”) + noxia (“傷害”)。

text: The disturbance had commenced, like those of England, in the refusal of the parliament to sanction an obnoxious tax; but here all resemblance ended.

translation: 这场骚乱和英格蘭的骚乱一样，都是从议会拒绝批准一项令人厌恶的税收开始的；但所有的相似之处都在这里结束了。

ref: 1834，Letitia Elizabeth Landon，Francesca Carrara，第1卷，74頁：

text: Someone jolted my arm and the contents of my glass spilled onto an immaculate white dress. I felt obnoxious.

translation: 有人搖晃著我的手臂，我的杯子裡的東西濺到了一件無瑕的白色連衣裙上。我覺得很討厭。

ref: 1989，Antônio Torres，Blues for a Lost Childhood: A Novel of Brazil，41頁：

text: I WOULD HAVE been nine or ten when my mother chased me up a thorn tree with a ceremonial hippo-hide whip. What my crime was, I forget. My mother was, and remains, a woman of exceptional forbearance. I must have done something so obnoxious as to beggar belief.

translation: 我九歲或十歲的時候，我媽媽用儀式用的河馬皮鞭子追著我爬上一棵荊棘樹。我的罪行是什麼，我忘記了。我的母親過去和現在都是一個非常寬容的女人。我一定做了一些令人討厭的事情，以至於让人难以置信。

ref: 2010年 8月3日，David Bennun，Tick Bite Fever，Random House，109頁：

text: I always feel out of place when I am around people. I feel obnoxious if I laugh or talk too much.

translation: 當我和人在一起時，我總是感到格格不入。如果我笑太多或說話太多，我會感到討厭。

text: He felt obnoxious and knew perfectly well that he would have no explanation whatsoever had anyone discovered him, but she looked so alluring, so untroubled, so fortunate, that his only concern was the terrible crack the shutter made...quiet as it was.

translation: 他感到很討厭，而且很清楚如果有人發現他，他將無法解釋，但她看起來如此迷人，如此無憂無慮，如此幸運，以至於他唯一關心的是百葉窗發出的可怕的破裂聲……尽管它是如此安静。

ref: 2013，Molly Cutpurse，Dark Man，→ISBN，44頁：

text: He was an especially obnoxious and detestable specimen of a man.

translation: 他是一個特別令人討厭和可憎的男人的樣本。

text: Throwing stones at the bus is another example of your obnoxious behaviour.

translation: 向公共汽車扔石頭是你令人討厭的行為的另一個例子。

text: 还是从他的树木燃烧实验开始谈起，在我看来，对于这个实验，不考虑某些重要的例外情况是不行的。

ref: To begin then with his Experiment of the burning Wood, it seems to me to be obnoxious to not a few considerable Exceptions.

forms:
obnoctious (alternative)
more obnoxious (comparative)
most obnoxious (superlative)

ipa: /əbˈnɒkʃəs/

ipa: /əbˈnɑkʃəs/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-obnoxious.wav


offline

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]離線
* [简:自由软体]脱机


paramo

etymology_texts: 借自西班牙語 páramo。

forms: paramos (plural)


pliant

pos_title: 形容词

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 pliaunt，源自古法語 ploiant，ploiier (“折叠”)的现在分词。

text: Whether in its northern or southern home, the black-throated blue warbler builds its nest of bark, roots, and other pliant material, loose and rather bulky, in a variety of saplings, bushes, and weeds, but always a few inches or a few feet from the ground.

ref: 1917, The National Geographic Magazine April 1917, The Warblers of North America

text: a pliant thread  pliant wax

text: In that same idlesse—gazing on that brook

ref: 1839, William Gilmore Simms, “The Brooklet” in Southern Passages and Pictures, New York: George Adlard, p. 2,

text: [The king] had a pliant prime minister and a general who was telling him what he wanted to hear.

ref: 1988, A. J. Langguth, Patriots,

forms:
more pliant (comparative)
most pliant (superlative)

ipa: /ˈplaɪənt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pliant.wav

rhymes: -aɪənt

flexible

sense: 能弯折的，柔韧的


pliant

pos_title: 分词

glosses: plier 的現在時分詞


pliant

text: Sa mère a acheté un vélo pliant.

translation: 他妈妈买了一个折叠自行车。

forms:
pliante (feminine)
pliants (masculine plural)
pliantes (feminine plural)


pliant

forms:
pliantă (feminine singular)
plianți (masculine plural)
pliante


percolator

text: She heard the percolator bell ring.

ref: 1986, David Leavitt, The Lost Language of Cranes, paperback edition, Penguin, page 176:

forms: percolators (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɜːkəleɪtə/

ipa: /ˈpɝkəleɪtɚ/


percolator

glosses: percōlō 的第二人稱/第三人稱單數將來時被動態命令式

forms: percōlātor (canonical)


obscurant

etymology_texts: 大約於 1793-1799 年輸入英語：源自德語 Obskurant 和法語 obscurant, 源自古典拉丁語 obscūrant-，obscūrāns 的詞根， obscūrāre (“模糊；隱藏”) 的現在分詞， 源自 obscūrus (“黑暗的”)。

forms:
more obscurant (comparative)
most obscurant (superlative)

ipa: /ɒbˈskjʊəɹənt/

ipa: /ɑbˈskjəɹənt/


obscurant

forms: obscurants (plural)


obscurant

glosses: obscūrō 的第三人稱複數現在時主動態直陳式

forms: obscūrant (canonical)


plica

glosses: f. (须在指定时间开启的)密件


paramos

glosses: parar 的第一人稱複數現在時直陳式


paramount

etymology_texts:
原始印歐語詞
 *h₂éd
源自盎格魯-諾曼語 paramont、paramount (“至高无上的，卓越的；在上面的”)，源自古法語 par、per (“以...的手段”) + amont、amunt (“向上”)。Par派生自拉丁語 per (“以...的手段，通过”)，源自原始印歐語 *per- (“穿过；通过”);amont和amunt则源自拉丁語 ad montem (“朝向山；向上”)，源自ad (“向上往”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *h₂éd (“在；到”)） + montem（mōns (“山”)的宾格单数，最终源自原始印歐語 *men- (“耸立，矗立”)）。

glosses: 至高无上的；领先的，领导的

text: Hitherto she had chiefly dwelt on her unkindness and neglect; but absence, like charity, covers a multitude of sins; and the thought now paramount was, that she should see her no more.

ref: 1834, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Francesca Carrara, volume 2, page 168:

text: The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

ref: 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

text: Getting those credit cards paid off is paramount.

translation: 把这些信用卡还清是最要紧的事。

ipa: /ˈpæɹəmaʊnt/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-paramount.wav

ipa: /ˈpæɹəˌmaʊnt/

ipa: /ˈpɛ-/

utmost

sense: 至高无上的；领先的，领导的

crucial

sense: 最重要的，最优先的

paravail

sense: 至高无上的；领先的，领导的

parts: par a mount


paramount

glosses: 上司，领导； 地位最高的酋长，至高酋长

forms: paramounts (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-paramount.wav


paramour

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 paramour、paramoure、peramour、paramur，源自古法語 par amor (“为了爱”)。

text: to run away with a paramour

translation: 和情夫/情妇私奔

text: The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour.

ref: 1848, Thomas Maucalay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second:

text: They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours:

ref: 1934, Yusuf Ali (translator), The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary, surah 4, verse 25:

text: The action scenes are deafening and punchily staged by director Louis Letterier (The Transporter), though I wish he’d set more time aside to spend with Nobby, his paramour Dawn (Rebel Wilson), their shaven-headed brood, and friends

ref: 2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London):

glosses: 圣母玛利亚或耶稣（说话人的异性）

forms:
paramours (alternative)
paramours (plural)

ipa: /ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/

ipa: /ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/

ipa: /ˈpæɹəmɔɹ/

leman

sense: 情人；情妇，情夫


paramour

glosses: （爱情等）激情地，出于性欲地

text: For paramour I loved her fyrst ere thou.

text: Is this trouthe said Palomydes / Thenne shall we hastely here of sire Tristram / And as for to say that I loue la Beale Isoud peramours I dare make good that I doo / and that she hath my seruyse aboue alle other ladyes / and shalle haue the terme of my lyf

ref: :Template:RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr:

date: 自14世纪起

forms: paramours (alternative)

ipa: /ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/

ipa: /ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/

devotedly

sense: （爱情等）激情地，出于性欲地

passionately

sense: （爱情等）激情地，出于性欲地


obsequies

etymology_texts: obsequy 的複數；繼承自中古英語 obsequias、obsequies、obsequyes，源自拉丁語 obsequiae。

text: A murmur of astonishment ran through the chapel. It was hushed instantly, for, at a sign from Lord Avonleigh, the coffin was carried into the vault; and again the voice of the priest was the only sound, breathing the last and solemn benediction of the mournful obsequies.

ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 163:

notes: 牛津辭典偏好唯複用法，可以視作英式英語的用法；而韋伯斯特字典則指出了複數用法的普遍性，並給出了該詞的單數和複數形式。

notes: 在現代用法中，不應和 obsequious (“諂媚”) 混淆。


obsequies

glosses: obsequiar 的第二人稱單數現在時虛擬式


obsequies

glosses: obsequiar 的第二人稱單數現在時虛擬式

ipa: /obˈsekjes/

rhymes: -ekjes


protonated

pos_title: 动词

glosses: protonate的过去时和过去分词形式


protonated

text: The reaction produces the protonated ligand. 这个反应产生了质子化的配体。


obsequious

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 obsequyous，源自拉丁語 obsequiōsus (“顺从的，点头哈腰的”) ，源自obsequium (“顺从”)，源自obsequor (“服从，遵守”)，源自ob (“朝向”) + sequor (“跟随”)（对比sequel）。

text: Translation falls especially short of this conceit which carries the whole flamboyance of the Spanish language. It was intended as an obsequious flattery of the Condesa, and was untrue.

ref: 1927, Thornton Wilder, The Bridge of San Luis Rey, page 20:

text: Our ladies were situated as well as it was possible; they had good servants, splendid rooms, obsequious attendants, and had become habituated to the country, so that the loss of the Count was not any thing of moment beyond the pleasure of his society;[…]

ref: 1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXXIV, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 140:

forms:
more obsequious (comparative)
most obsequious (superlative)

fawning

sense: 点头哈腰的，阿谀奉承的


perdu

forms:
perdue (feminine)
perdus (masculine plural)
perdues (feminine plural)

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-perdu.wav

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-perdu.wav

homophone: perdue

roman: perdues


observability

glosses:
* [S:化学]可观测性
'
* [T:化學]可觀測性
* [简体]:可观测性[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:可觀測性[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 可觀測性[電機工程]
* 正體: 可觀察性[電子計算機]


ostracize

etymology_texts: 源自古希臘語 ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō，“通过陶片放逐法放逐”)，源自ὄστρᾰκον (óstrăkon，“陶片”) + -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō，构成动词的后缀)。英语词与法語 ostraciser同源。

glosses: 以陶片放逐法放逐（五或十年）

text: Republics have been accused of being ungrateful. Aristides was ostracised for being called the Just, and Themistocles banished, after saving his country from desolation.

ref: 1836 December 15, Eleazer Wheelock Ripley, “The President’s Message”, in Register of Debates in Congress, Comprising the Leading Debates and Incidents of the Second Session of the Twenty-fourth Congress: […] (United States House of Representatives), volume XIII, Washington, D.C.: Printed and published by Gales and Seaton, published 1837, →OCLC, column 1097:

text: [T]he person who was ostracised was obliged to leave Athens within ten days after the sentence, and unless a vote of the people recalled him before the expiration of that time, to stay in exile for ten years.

ref: 1840, “OSTRACISM”, in [George Long], editor, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volumes XVII (Organ–Pertinax), London: Charles Knight and Co., […], →OCLC, page 55, column 2:

text: The Athenian Hyperbolus, who had been ostracized some years before by the coalition of Nikias and Alkibiades, together with their respective partisans—ostracized (as Thucydides tells us) not from any fear of his power and over-transcendent influence, but from his bad character and from his being a disgrace to the city—and thus ostracized by an abuse of the institution—was now resident at Samos.

ref: [1849], George Grote, “Twenty-first Year of the War.—Oligarchy of Four Hundred at Athens.”, in A History of Greece from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great。[...] In Four Volumes, 2nd edition, volume III, New York, N.Y.: W. L. Allison Co., publishers, →OCLC, part II (Continuation of Historical Greece), page 203:

date: 自19世纪中叶

text: You then moſt Noble Equivocations and Alluſions, whom Rhetorick would Oſtraciſe, ſeek Revenge for your Baniſhment; [...]

ref: 1704, [Antoine Furetière], “Bombast’s Speech to His Army”, in The Rebellion: Or, An Account of the Late Civil-wars, in the Kingdom of Eloquence, London: Printed [for John Nutt ...], →OCLC, page 48:

text: The inflexible advocate[s] of the people's rights, were either expelled the Senate Chamber, ostracised, or immolated on the reeking altars of patriotism, by the encrimsoned sword of slaughtering persecution.

ref: 1811 July 4, Henry A[lexander] S[cammell] Dearborn, An Oration, Pronounced at Boston, on the Fourth Day of July, 1811, before the Supreme Executive and in the Presence of the Bunker-Hill Association, Boston, Mass.: Printed by Munroe & French, printer to the state, →OCLC, pages 4–5:

text: [O]thers may wonder at the mawkish taste of a community which, instead of ostracising such a palpable charlatan at once, attended and praised all that he had to say!

ref: 1841, Anthony Grumbler [pseudonym; David Hoffman], chapter VII, in Miscellaneous Thoughts on Men, Manners, and Things, Baltimore, Md.: Published by Plaskitt & Cugle, →OCLC, page 179:

text: No party worthy of the name will submit, permanently, to any regime which ostracises its best men and selects the worst, which has become an epidemic condition of party politics, and may take off most of what is worth recognizing in the pride of our boasted institutions.

ref: 1852 August, “Death of Henry Clay: The Convention System”, in Democratic Review, volume II, number II (New Series; volume XXXI, number CLXX, overall), New York, N.Y.: Published at the office of the Democratic Review, […], →OCLC, page 151, column 1:

text: Fashion not only sustains bad writers, but ostracizes and banishes good ones. [William] Shakespeare's writings were popular while he lived, but almost forgotten for two centuries after his death.

ref: 1860 January, “Art IX.—Ancient and Modern Art and Literature.”, in J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow, editor, De Bow’s Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, etc.: […], volume III (New Series; volume XXVIII overall), number I, New Orleans, La.; Washington, D.C.: [J. D. B. De Bow], →OCLC, page 83:

text: Q. Have you any knowledge aside from your own case of their socially ostracizing a man?—A. There are almost a dozen in this room, I guess, that I know of; perhaps a dozen.

ref: 1877 January 13, [Francis] Kernan (questioner), Edward Howard (witness), Mississippi. Testimony as to Denial of Elective Franchise in Mississippi, at the Elections of 1875 and 1876, […] (The Miscellaneous Documents of the Senate of the United States for the Second Session of the Forty-forth Congress; volume III, number 45), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 22:

text: Our honest and conservative financiers should frown upon and ostracize these black sheep, whether they are cornering the wheat market or manipulating prices on the Stock Exchange by wash sales and otherwise, or promoting a Shipyard Trust, or playing profitably with the surplus funds of a life insurance company.

ref: 1905 May 4, “Financials: The Fall of [F. G.] Bigelow”, in Henry Chandler Bowen, editor, The Independent, volume LVIII, number 2944, New York, N.Y.: The Independent, […], →OCLC, page 1030, column 2:

text: I long to be one with the birds and trees and with the green earth. The call comes to me from the air to sing, but, wretched creature that I am, I lecture—and by doing it, I ostracise myself from this great world of songs to which I was born.

ref: 1921 March 18, Rabindranath Tagore, “New York, March 18, 1921”, in C[harles] F[reer] A[ndrews], editor, Letters from Abroad, Madras, Tamil Nadu: S. Ganesan publisher, […], published 1924, →OCLC, page 86:

text: [T]raditions such as the bouquet toss and the "singles" table at the wedding reception often marginalize and ostracize lesbians and gays in attendance.

ref: 2003, Cele C. Otnes, Elizabeth Hafkin Pleck, “Romance, Magic, Memory, and Perfection”, in Cinderella Dreams: The Allure of the Lavish Wedding (Life Passages), Berkeley; Los Angeles, Calif.; London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 22:

text: Ostracism can be observed from an early age, and continues throughout the life-cycle. Children ostracize other children in the playground, choosing carefully who they wish to play with. Adults ostracize other adults, such as marriage partners using the silent treatment.

ref: 2007, Kipling D. Williams, Jonathan Gerber, “Ostracism: The Making of the Ignored and Excluded Mind”, in Petra Hauf, Friedrich Försterling, editors, Making Minds: The Shaping of Human Minds through Social Context (Benjamins Current Topics; 4), Amsterdam; Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 132:

text: [A] traditional chief attended our Human Rights Defenders Forum in Atlanta and then returned home to discover that a local soldier had raped a fourteen-year-old girl. The chief personally found the soldier, tied him to a chair, and waited for the police to arrive and arrest him. He then used his influence to prevent anyone from condemning or ostracizing the girl. The benefits from this kind of bold action have been proven in Malawi, Senegal, Liberia, Ghana, and other African countries.

ref: 2015 March, Jimmy Carter, “The Road to Progress”, in A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, →ISBN, page 195:

text: A common practice by established parties in liberal democracies that often accompanies delegitimisation efforts is ostracising a challenger party. In this book's first chapter we have defined ostracising a party as systematically ruling out all political cooperation with that party [...].

ref: 2018, Joost van Spanje, “Pariah Parties: Established Parties’ Systematic Boycotting of Other Parties”, in Controlling the Electoral Marketplace: How Established Parties Ward off Competition (Political Campaigning and Communication), Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan、Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 37–38:

date: 自17世纪中叶

forms:
ostracizes (third-person singular present)
ostracizing (present participle)
ostracized (past participle)
ostracise (alternative)

ipa: /ˈɒstɹəsaɪz/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ostracize.wav

ipa: /ˈɑstɹəˌsaɪz/

blackball

sense: 排挤，排斥

parts: os trac ize


ostracize

glosses:
ostracizar 的屈折：
第一人稱/第三人稱單數現在時虛擬式

glosses:
ostracizar 的屈折：
第三人稱單數命令式

parts: os tra ci ze


oft

glosses: （多见于诗歌或方言）（= often） 常常，时常，经常

forms:
ofter (comparative)
oftest (superlative)

ipa: /ɔft/

enpr: ôft

ipa: /ɑft/

enpr: ŏft

ipa: /ɒft/

rhymes: -ɒft


oft

etymology_texts: < 古高地德语 ofto。

text: Kommst du oft hierher?　　你经常来这吗？

text: Oft kommt es anders als man denkt.　　现实常与预想情况不同。

text: Wie oft ist er schon hier gewesen?　　这里他来过多少次了？

text: Wie oft kommt sie hierher?　　她多久来这里一次？


oft

etymology_texts: < 古諾爾斯語 oft （“经常”）、opt （“经常”）。

text: Ég fer oft í ræktina.　　我常去健身房

text: Ég er oftast í tölvunni.　　我把大量时间花在电脑上。

text: Ég hef sigrað oftar en þú!　　我赢的次数比你多！


oft

etymology_texts: < 原始日耳曼语 *ufta。


oft

etymology_texts: < 原始日耳曼语 *ufta。


plod

etymology_texts: 來自原始斯拉夫語 *plodъ。

ipa: /plot/


perdurable

glosses: adj. 永久的，长久的


prodigal

etymology_texts: 源自中古法語 prodigal，源自晚期拉丁語 prōdigālis (“浪费的”)，源自拉丁語 prōdigus (“浪费的，挥霍的”)，源自prōdigō (“消耗，浪费”)，源自prōd-（←prō (“前，向前”)） + agō (“驱动”)。还见prodigy。

text: He found himself guilty of prodigal spending during the holidays.

translation: 他想起放假时没节制地乱花钱，就很有罪恶感。

text: The prodigal son spent his share of his inheritance until he was destitute.

translation: 浪子把自己分到的遗产花到身无分文。

text: The prodigal heir can only waste his own substance, and the punishment falls, as it should, upon himself; but the prince has an awful responsibility,—the welfare of others is required at his hands;...

ref: 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 257:

glosses: 乱用...的，大量使用...的

text: She was a merry person, glad and prodigal of smiles.

translation: 她是一个很快乐的人，一直都面带微笑。

text: How can he be so prodigal with money on such a tight budget?

translation: 预算那么紧，他是怎么敢这样乱花钱的。

text: He generally falls backwards and sometimes succumbs to the fever which ensues; hence as soon as the ordeal is over the women are prodigal of their attentions to him, and rub the swollen arm with a particular kind of herb.

ref: 1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 10, page 63:

text: Granville poised himself over a vast sirloin, stropped his knife briskly, then began to hack away ruthlessly. He was a prodigal server and piled about two pounds of meat on my plate, then he started on the Yorkshire puddings.

ref: 1974, James Herriot, Vet in Harness, page 201:

glosses: 浪子的 （起源自《新约圣经》内通常叫做“Parable of the Prodigal Son”（浪子回头的比喻）的故事）

glosses: 遗弃（他人）的，抛弃（他人）的

text: Simon Hart of the Daily Telegraph has tweeted that the prodigal triple-jumper has come home, in preparation for tomorrow's qualification round.

ref: 2012 August 12, Paul Owen, “London 2012 Olympics: day 10”, in The Guardian:

forms:
more prodigal (comparative)
most prodigal (superlative)

ipa: /ˈpɹɒdɪɡəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-prodigal.wav

ipa: /ˈpɹɑdɪɡəl/

ipa: [ˈpʰɹɑɾɪɡɫ̩]

profuse

sense: 大量的


prodigal

forms: prodigals (plural)

ipa: [ˈpʰɹɑɾɪɡɫ̩]


oftentimes

pos_title: 副詞

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 oftentymes；等價於 oftentime + -s。對照 oftentime。

text: But because this is oftentimes dangerous, and much hurt hath been received thereby through casualty of fire, I advise the sticking four stakes into the earth, at least five feet above the ground […]

translation: 但由於這樣做常常很危險，而且火災造成的傷亡也很大，我建議在離地面至少五英尺的地方插上四根木樁 […]

ref: 1804，Robert Wissett，On the Cultivation and Preparation of Hemp：

text: Pique and linen also accented several coats and oftentimes were both detachable and formed an overcollar covering a collar made from the coat fabric.

translation: 凸紋布和亞麻布也是多款外套的特色，而且通常都是可拆卸的，並形成一個外領，覆蓋由外套面料製成的衣領。

ref: 1967，Ann Helen Stroup，An Investigation of the Dress of American Children from 1930 Through 1941 with Emphasis on Factors Influencing Change，195頁：

text: Over the past decade, the very nature of organized crime has changed, with many groups diversifying their income beyond drug trafficking, and large cartels splintering into smaller, oftentimes more nimble groups.

translation: 在過去十年中，有組織犯罪的本質發生了變化，許多犯罪集團的收入來源除了販毒外還變得多元化，大型犯罪集團分裂成規模較小、往往更靈活的團體。

ref: 2023年 1月10日，Whitney Eulich，America Armenta，「Mexico arrests son of ‘El Chapo’: Why don’t citizens feel safer?」，收錄於 The Christian Science Monitor：


pack

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]包裝；壓縮
* [简:自由软体]包装
* [简体]:"程序包,封装紧缩,组件"[通信]
* [正體]:封包組[通訊]
* 正體: 包裝；磁碟組；壓縮；縮緊；縮整；聚集；包裹；組裝；封裝[電子計算機]


prodigious

etymology_texts: 源自中古法語 prodigieux，源自拉丁語 prōdigiōsus (“异常的，怪异的，奇特的，出奇的”)，源自prōdigium (“怪事，怪物，征兆”)。就词形分析：prodigy + -ous。

glosses: 杰出的，非凡的，无与伦比的

forms:
more prodigious (comparative)
most prodigious (superlative)

ipa: /pɹəˈdɪd͡ʒəs/

rhymes: -ɪdʒəs


package

glosses:
* [正體]:套裝；套件；封裝[自由軟體]
* [简体]:包；打包[自由软体]
* [简体]:管壳[电子电机工程]
* [正體]:管殼[電子電機工程]
* 正體: 封裝[電機工程]
* 正體: 包；套裝軟體；組件；程式包[電子計算機]


prodigy

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 prodige (“征兆”)，源自拉丁語 prōdigium (“预兆，预示”)。

date: 自16世纪

date: 自17世纪

text: John Foxe believed that special prodigies had heralded the Reformation.

ref: 1971年，Keith Thomas，Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society 2012, p. 87:

text:
These on the farther bank now stood and gazed,
By Heaven alarm’d, by prodigies amazed:
A signal omen stopp’d the passing host,
Their martial fury in their wonder lost.

ref: 1715，Homer，Iliad，translated by Alexander Pope, Book XII：

date: 自15世纪

forms: prodigies (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɹɒdɪdʒi/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-prodigy.wav

ipa: /ˈpɹɑdɪdʒi/

wunderkind

sense: 神童

parts: prod i gy


ogle

etymology_texts: 荷蘭語，源自中古荷蘭語 *ooghelen、oeghelen (“盯着”)，oogen (“看”)的反复态，源自oge (“眼睛”)，

etymology_texts: 或源自低地德語 oegeln，oegen (“看”)的反复态，源自Oog (“眼睛”)。

etymology_texts:
可能源自
对比德語 äugeln (“盯着”)。详见eye、-le。

glosses: 盯着，凝视（尤指不礼貌地，深情地或贪婪地）

forms:
oggle (alternative)
augle (alternative)
ogles (third-person singular present)
ogling (present participle)
ogled (past participle)

enpr: ōʹgəl

enpr: ŏgʹəl

ipa: /ˈəʊɡl̩/

ipa: /ˈɒɡl̩/

ipa: /ˈoʊɡl̩/

ipa: /ˈɑɡl̩/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ogle.wav

rhymes: -əʊɡəl

rhymes: -ɒɡəl


ogle

etymology_texts:
可能源自
对比德語 äugeln (“盯着”)。详见eye、-le。

glosses: 凝视 （尤指不礼貌的，深情的或贪婪的）

text: Will you take a varder at the cartz on the feely-omi in the naf strides: the one with the bona blue ogles polarying the omi-palone with a vogue on and a cod sheitel.

ref: 1997, James Gardiner, Who's a Pretty Boy Then?, page 137:

text: Slick, she bamboozles the ogles / of old Lilly Law.

ref: 2015 October 12, Adam Lowe, “Poem of the week: Vada That”, in The Guardian:

forms:
oggle (alternative)
augle (alternative)
ogles (plural)
oglis (alternative)


ogle

etymology_texts: 源自原始波羅的-斯拉夫語 *anˀglís，源自原始印歐語 *h₁óngʷl̥ (“煤炭”)。

text: aktīvā ogle, aktivētā ogle

translation: 活性炭

text: melns kā ogle

translation: 黑得像木炭

text: ogles zīmējumi

translation: 木炭画

text: kvēlojošas ogles

translation: 燃烧的木炭

text: ogļu atradnes

translation: 煤炭储蓄

text: ogļu ieguve

translation: 煤炭开采

text: ogļu rūpniecība

translation: 煤炭产业

ipa: [ùoɡlɛ]

akmeņogle

sense: 煤炭


opisthotonos

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 opisthotonus 及其來源古希臘語 ὀπισθότονος (opisthótonos)，等同於 opistho- + tonus (“肌肉緊張”)。

text: [T]he Actors struggled & bounced, and sprunted as if in Convulsions; like Patients under the Influence of a Disease called in Jamaica the Opisthotonos or dry Gripes […].

translation: 演员们挣扎着、弹跳着，像抽搐一样跳跃着；就像患上了一种在牙买加被称为角弓反张或干性肠病的疾病的患者一样 […] 。

ref: 1786年 8月16日，Hester Thrale Piozzi，Thraliana：

forms: opisthotonus (alternative)


packed

glosses: pack 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞

ipa: /pækt/

rhymes: -ækt

homophone: pact


packed

text: packed lunch

translation: 打包午餐

text: packed with goodness

translation: 營養豐富

text: A packed schedule of 13 different inquiries ranged from parking on pavements to filling potholes, plus a hard-hitting examination of the Government's proposed Airports National Policy Statement and its recommendation to grant approval for a third runway to be built at Heathrow.

translation: 13项不同的调查日程安排得满满当当，内容涵盖从人行道停车到填补坑洼，此外还对政府提出的《机场国家政策声明》及其关于批准在希思罗机场修建第三条跑道的建议进行了严厉审查。

ref: 2020年 6月3日，Lilian Greenwood talks to Paul Stephen，「Rail's 'underlying challenges' remain」，收錄於 Rail，33頁：

text: The bus was packed and I couldn't get on.

translation: 公交车上挤满了人，我上不去。

text: On a steamy summer late afternoon the Luzhniki was once again packed. It is a vast space, with a roof that almost closes in on itself capturing the air like a superheated bubble.

translation: 在一个闷热的夏日午后，卢日尼基体育场再次人满为患。体育场空间巨大，屋顶几乎完全封闭，像一个过热的气泡一样将空气牢牢锁住。

ref: 2018年 6月17日，Barney Ronay，「Mexico’s Hirving Lozano stuns world champions Germany for brilliant win」，收錄於 Katharine Viner（編），The Guardian，London：Guardian News & Media，→ISSN，→OCLC，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2019年8月5日：

text: We picked up returning Millwall supporters at New Street, together with a couple of British Transport Police officers, and the train, an 11-car set, was now packed.

translation: 我们在新街车站接上了返回的米尔沃尔球迷，还有几名英国交通警察，这列11节车厢的火车现在已经挤满了人。

ref: 2019 October，Chris Stokes，「Between the Lines」，收錄於 Modern Railways，97頁：

forms:
more packed (comparative)
most packed (superlative)

crowded

sense: 滿員的，擠滿人的


plosive

forms: plosives (plural)

ipa: /ˈpləʊsɪv/

ipa: /ˈpləʊzɪv/

enpr: plō'sĭv

enpr: plō'zĭv

ipa: /ˈploʊsɪv/

ipa: /ˈploʊzɪv/


plosive

forms:
more plosive (comparative)
plosiver (comparative)
most plosive (superlative)
plosivest (superlative)


packet

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]封包
* [简:自由软体]打包
* [简体]:封包[通信]
* [正體]:分组，包[通訊]
* 正體: 分封；訊息包；封包；小包；包；數據包；程序包[電子計算機]


phony

etymology_texts: 可能源自 fawney（“骗子用的镀了金的黄铜环”）(1781) < 爱尔兰语 fáinne（“环”）。

forms:
phonier (comparative)
phoniest (superlative)

ipa: /ˈfoʊni/

rhymes: -əʊni


phony

glosses: 不诚实的人，冒充的人（或东西），冒牌货

text: 近义词：dissembler, pretender, fake

forms: phonies (plural)


oh

pos: intj

pos_title: 感叹词

glosses: 表示惊讶、恐怖、赞叹、悲叹、痛苦等情绪时所发出的声音。

ipa: /əʊ/

ipa: /oʊ/

raw_tags: 音频（美式）（表达惊讶）

raw_tags: 音频（美式）（表达理解）

homophone: o

roman: owe

rhymes: -əʊ


packets

glosses: pack 的定指屬格單數


perennial

etymology_texts: 1644年，源自拉丁語 perennis (“持续一整年的”)（源自per- (“贯穿”) + annus (“年”)） + -al，可作per- + -ennial分析。

text: a perennial stream

translation: 四季不断的小溪

text: The perennial existence of bodies corporate and their fortunes are things particularly suited to a man who has long views…

ref: 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France:

text: His artwork has a perennial beauty.

translation: 他作品的美丽永恒不变。

text: Change is a perennial theme in politics.

translation: 改变是政治中一个反复出现的主题。

text: a perennial candidate

translation: 总是出现的候选人

perpetual

sense: 持续的，不断的，永续的

timeless

sense: 永久的，永恒的

recurring

sense: 重复的，反复的

annual

sense: 多年生的


perennial

forms: perennials (plural)

annual

sense: 多年生植物


opossum

etymology_texts: 源自波瓦坦語 aposoum (“白色动物”)，源自原始阿爾岡昆語 *wa·p-aʔθemwa (“白色的狗”)，对比奧吉布瓦語 waabasim (“白色的狗”)。

forms: opossums (plural)

ipa: /əˈpɒsəm/

enpr: ə-päsʹəm

ipa: /əˈpɑsəm/

parts: o pos sum


opossum

etymology_texts: 借自英語 opossum，源自波瓦坦語 aposoum (“白色动物”)。

forms: opossi (plural)

ipa: /oˈposːum/


opossum

etymology_texts: 借自英語 opossum，源自波瓦坦語 aposoum (“白色动物”)，源自原始阿爾岡昆語 *wa·p-aʔθemwa (“白色的狗”)。

forms:
opossums (plural)
opossumpje (diminutive)

buidelrat

sense: 负鼠

parts: opos sum


opossum

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-opossum.wav


otherworld

text: We do not want, of course, to return to all the crudities and barbarities of the past; but also we do not want to become attenuated and spiritualized out of all mundane sense and recognition, and to live in an otherworld Paradise void of application to earthly affairs.

ref: 1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 192:

forms: otherworlds (plural)

enpr: ŭthʹər-wûrld'

ipa: /ˈʌðɚˌwɝld/

hereafter

sense: 死后的世界


obsolescent

etymology_texts: 派生自拉丁語 obsolēscēns。

forms:
more obsolescent (comparative)
most obsolescent (superlative)

ipa: /ɒbsəˈlɛsənt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-obsolescent.wav

ipa: /ɑbsəˈlɛsənt/

rhymes: -ɛsənt


perfectionist

date: 自20世紀起

glosses: 完善論者；認為今生可以達到宗教上或道德上完美的人

date: 自17世紀起

glosses: 聖經共產主義者，由 J. H. Noyes（1811-1886）創立的一個美國小教派，於 1848 年設立在紐約州奧奈達，認為如果接受福音，就可以確保免於罪惡

date: 自19世紀起

forms: perfectionists (plural)


perfectionist

text: perfectionistic parents

translation: 追求完美主義的父母

glosses: 追求完善論或和完善論相關的

forms:
more perfectionist (comparative)
most perfectionist (superlative)


perfectionist

forms:
perfectionisten (plural)
perfectionistje (diminutive)
perfectioniste (feminine)

ipa: /pər-/

rhymes: -ɪst

parts: per fec ti o nist


otherworldly

glosses: 来世的，阴间的，冥界的，超脫塵俗的，另一世界的

text: Every religion that becomes ascendant, in so far as it is not otherworldly, must necessarily set its stamp upon the methods and administration of the law.

translation: 每一種宗教，只要不是超凡脫俗的，就必然會在法律的方法和管理上打上自己的烙印。

ref: 1917, H. G. Wells, God, the Invisible King, ch. 5,

text: Dana has the otherworldly temperament of a mystic.

ref: 2007 August 26, Clive Davis, “Simphiwe Dana: The One Love Movement on Bantu Biko Street”, in Times of London:

glosses: 怪异的，不自然的；超凡的；不属于这个世界的

text: An almost otherworldly resilience has characterized the 40-year arc of the Clintons’ political lives, a well-documented pattern of dazzling success, shattering setback and inevitable recovery.

ref: 2015 April 15, Jonathan Martin, “For a Clinton, It’s Not Hard to Be Humble in an Effort to Regain Power”, in The New York Times:

text: The sudden inundation from the remnants of Ida transformed familiar scenes of life in New York into otherworldly and waterlogged chaos on Wednesday night.

ref: 2021 September 1, Michael Levenson, Anne Barnard, “Scenes from New York City as Ida paralyzes region”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

forms:
more otherworldly (comparative)
most otherworldly (superlative)
other-worldly (alternative)

enpr: ŭth'ər-wûrldʹli

ethereal

sense: 来世的，阴间的，冥界的，超脫塵俗的，另一世界的

mystical

sense: 来世的，阴间的，冥界的，超脫塵俗的，另一世界的

transcendental

sense: 来世的，阴间的，冥界的，超脫塵俗的，另一世界的

alien

sense: 怪异的，不自然的；超凡的；不属于这个世界的


packman

text: Wildeve was standing with his back to the fireplace smoking a cigar; and the promoter of the raffle, a packman from a distant town, was expatiating upon the value of the fabric as material for a summer dress.

ref: 1912, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native:

text: L Beneath love's heavy weight my falt'ring soul Plods, like the packman, o'er life's dusty road.

ref: 1900, Various, Japanese Literature:

text: Magneezhy was in an awful case; if he had been already shot, he could not have looked more clay and corpse-like; so I took up a douce earnest confabulation, while the stramash was drawing to a bloody conclusion, with Mr Harry Molasses, the fourth in the spree, who was standing behind Bloatsheet with a large mahogany box under his arm, something in shape like that of a licensed packman, ganging about from house to house, through the country-side, selling toys and trinkets; or niffering plaited ear-rings, and suchlike, with young lasses, for old silver coins or cracked teaspoons.

ref: 1828, David Macbeth Moir, The Life of Mansie Wauch:

forms: packmen (plural)


prefect

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 prefect及prefecte，源自古法語 prefect（现代法语préfet），源自拉丁語 praefectus (“监督者，监察者，长官”)，源自praeficere (“使...负责”)。

glosses: （古罗马的）长官，队长等

text: the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, or of provisions; the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person

text: It seems that in the autumn of 803 he went on leave. His uncle Po Chi-chên, had recently been moved from his post at Hsü-chou and promoted to be Prefect of Hsü-chʻang in Central Honan.

ref: 1951, Arthur Waley, The Life and Times of Po Chü-i, London: George Allen & Unwin, →OCLC, page 33:

glosses: （阿尔巴尼亚、罗马尼亚的）县长

forms:
præfect (alternative)
praefect (alternative)
prefects (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɹiːfɛkt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-prefect.wav

provost

sense: 罗马长官


overspeed

forms:
overspeeds (third-person singular present)
overspeeding (present participle)
oversped
overspeeded

parts: over speed


perfidious

glosses: 背信弃义的，不忠的，背叛的

text: The perfidious Ricimer soon became dissatisfied with Anthe'mius, and raised the standard of revolt.

ref: 1851, Oliver Goldsmith, “ch. 26”, in William C. Taylor, editor, Dr. Goldsmith's History of Rome:

text: [S]he knew Huntly for the ambitious traitor he was, a man peculiarly perfidious and self-seeking.

ref: 1905, Andrew Lang, “ch. 14”, in John Knox and the Reformation:

text: When the Nazis branded Feininger a "degenerate artist" in 1937, he left 54 paintings for safekeeping with a Bauhaus friend named Hermann Klumpp. After the war, and for the rest of Feininger's life, the perfidious Klumpp refused to give them back.

ref: 2005 June 21, Robert Hughes, “Art: The Velocipede of Modernism”, in Time:

date: 自16世纪末

forms:
more perfidious (comparative)
most perfidious (superlative)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-perfidious.wav

disloyal

sense: 不忠


overstay

text: Thailand’s Constitutional Court ruled Wednesday that Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha must suspend his active duties while the court decides whether he has overstayed his legal term in office.

ref: 2022 August 24, Tassanee Vejpongsa & Grant Peck, “Thai court suspends PM Prayuth pending ruling on term limit”, in The Washington Post, retrieved 24 Aug 2022:

text: overstay one's visa

translation: 停留超过签证期限

forms:
overstays (third-person singular present)
overstaying (present participle)
overstayed (past participle)

rhymes: -eɪ

overstay one's welcome

sense: 停留太久而惹人讨厌


overstay

text: For example, if USCIS approves a change of status or extension of stay for a nonimmigrant, the alien may be authorized to remain in the country beyond his or her original period of admission without qualifying as an overstay.

ref: 2011, Richard M. Stana, Overstay Enforcement

forms: overstays (plural)


profanation

forms: profanations (plural)

ipa: /pɹɒfəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-profanation.wav


padding

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]填補；填塞
* [简:自由软体]填充
* 正體: 填塞；填補；整墊；墊塞；填充；補白[電子計算機]


profane

glosses: 卑賤的, 污穢的, 可鄙的。

ipa: /pɹəˈfeɪn/

rhymes: -eɪn

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-profane.wav


perforce

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 par force，源自盎格魯-諾曼語，源自古法語 par force (“強迫”)。

text:
"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,"
The Master said, panting as one fatigued,
"Must we perforce depart from so much evil."

ref: 1882，Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，Inferno，「canto 34」：

text: So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus

ref: 1922 February，James Joyce，「[Episode 16]」，收錄於 Ulysses，Paris：Shakespeare and Company, […]，→OCLC：

text: Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].

ref: 1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 35:

text: Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.

ref: 2006, Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait, 3rd edition, page 239:

text: The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.

ref: 2013 August 1, European Court of Human Rights, A.K. and L. v. Croatia, number 37956/11, marginal 62–63:

ipa: /pəˈfɔːs/

ipa: /pɚˈfɔɹs/

rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)s


perforce

forms:
perforces (third-person singular present)
perforcing (present participle)
perforced (past participle)


professional

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 professhennalle、professhynalle；等同於 profession + -al。

text: My son, a Canada-based IT professional who often travels to Ukraine, told me about the exhilarating atmosphere on those Ukraine-bound trains, bringing home hundreds of the unwilling refugees, mostly women and children (including the babies, born in exile on the way to meet their Ukrainian fighter fathers for the first time). The difference between Ukrainian refugees and other reluctant exiles is that Ukrainians are desperate to return.

translation: 我的儿子是一位在加拿大工作的IT专业人士，他经常往返乌克兰。他告诉我，开往乌克兰的列车上气氛令人振奋，数百名被迫流亡的难民，其中大部分是妇女和儿童（包括一些在前往乌克兰与父亲团聚的途中出生的婴儿），被带回了家乡。乌克兰难民与其他被迫流亡者的区别在于，乌克兰人渴望返回家园。

ref: 2024年 9月4日，Vitali Vitaliev，「A salute to Ukraine's 'Second Army'」，收錄於 RAIL，1017期，49頁：

text: There was this nice lady who flirted with me at the bar, but it turned out that she was a professional.

translation: 在酒吧里，有个和蔼的女士跟我调情，但我后来发现她其实是个妓女。

text: I have learned that there is a person attached to a golf club called a professional. Find out who fills that post at the Green Meadow Club; […] invite the professional, urgently, to dine with us this evening.

ref: 1934, Rex Stout, Fer-de-Lance, Bantam, published 1992, →ISBN, page 97:

forms: professionals (plural)

ipa: /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/

ipa: /prɵˈfɛʃ(ə)nəl/

ipa: /ˈprɵfəʃ(ə)nəl/


professional

text: The little green men were clearly professional soldiers by their bearing, carried Russian weapons, and wore Russian combat fatigues, but they had no identifying insignia. Vladimir Putin originally denied they were Russian soldiers; that April, he confirmed they were.

translation: 这些绿色小人从仪态上看显然是职业军人，他们携带俄制武器，身穿俄制作战服，但身上没有任何身份标识。弗拉基米尔·普京最初否认他们是俄罗斯士兵；同年四月，他又承认了他们的身份。

ref: 2019年 3月18日，Steven Pifer，Five years after Crimea’s illegal annexation, the issue is no closer to resolution，The Center for International Security and Cooperation：

glosses: 為獲取金錢而從事的，指作為謀生手段的

forms:
more professional (comparative)
most professional (superlative)

ipa: /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/


professional

forms: professionals (masculine feminine plural)

rhymes: -al


otorrhea

forms:
otorrhoea (alternative)
otorrhœa (alternative)
otorrheas (plural)


okapi

etymology_texts: 借自姆武巴語 okapi。

text: [page 498, column 1] [I]n leading them [African Pygmies] back to the forests where they dwelt, I obtained much information from them on the subject of the horse-like animal which they called the "Okapi." […] [page 499, column 1] The coloration of the Okapi is quite extraordinary. […] The hind quarters, hind and fore legs are either snowy white or pale cream color, touched here and there with orange. They are boldly marked, however, with purple-black stripes and splodges, which give that zebra-like appearance to the limbs of the Okapi that caused the first imperfect account of it to indicate the discovery of a new striped horse.

ref: 1901 September, Harry [i.e., Henry] H[amilton] Johnston, “The Okapi: The Newly-discovered Beast Living in Central Africa”, in McClure’s Magazine, volume XVII, number 5, New York, N.Y.; London: S[amuel] S[idney] McClure Co., →OCLC, pages 498 and 499:

text: Personally I esteem it a more fascinating and a more important task to investigate the relations of the Okapi with the Giraffe on the one hand, and its fossil relatives on the other.

ref: 1902 November 18, C[harles] I[mmanuel] Forsyth Major, “On a Specimen of the Okapi Lately Received at Brussels”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, volume I, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 344:

text: Dr. [Cuthbert] Christy adds his testimony to that of his predecessors in the same quest as to the "invisibility" of the okapi, whose markings and coloration—pace Colonel Theodore Roosevelt—so break up the surface of its large body and long legs as to cause it to fuse with the dark-brown, russet, while and yellow-white of the twigs and stems and leaf-stalks amongst which it moves. He also points out that the hoofs of the okapi are so closely pressed together that the footprint is almost like that of the single-toed donkey.

ref: 1915 August 26, H[enry] H[amilton] Johnston, “Life Habits of the Okapi”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 95, number 2391, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 714, column 1:

text: I also took out a licence to shoot small game, costing fifty francs, which can be obtained on the spot, and under which I was able to shoot all kinds of game, excepting elephants, chimpanzis, gorillas and okapis.

ref: 1922 May, T[homas] Alexander Barns, “To the Game-haunted Solitudes of Ruchuru and Ruindi Plains”, in The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo: The Region of the Snow-crowned Volcanoes, the Pygmies, the Giant Gorilla and the Okapi, London; New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 99:

date: 自20世紀早期

forms:
okapi (plural)
okapis (plural)
okapia (alternative)

ipa: /ə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpi/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-okapi.wav

ipa: /oʊˈkɑpi/

ipa: /əʊˈkɑːpi/

Congolese giraffe

sense: 㺢㹢狓

parts: oka pi


okapi

etymology_texts: 來自姆武巴語 okapi。

forms:
okapi's (plural)
okapietje (diminutive)


okapi

etymology_texts: 借自英語 okapi，來自姆武巴語 okapi。


okapi

etymology_texts: 借自姆武巴語 okapi。

forms: ocapi (alternative)

audio: LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-okapi.wav

rhymes: -api

parts: o ka pi


okapi

forms: okapis (plural)

ipa: /oˈkapi/

audio: LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-okapi.wav


overtake

forms:
overtakes (third-person singular present)
overtaking (present participle)
overtook
overtaken (past participle)

ipa: /oʊvɚˈteɪk/

rhymes: -eɪk


okay

text: We can start as soon as we get the okay.

translation: 我們一拿到許可就可以開始。

forms: okays (plural)

ipa: /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/

ipa: /ˌəˈkæɪ/

ipa: /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/


okay

text: Do you think it's okay to stay here for the night?

translation: 你覺得在這裡過夜可以嗎？

text: The soup was okay, but the dessert was excellent.

translation: 湯還可以，但甜點非常棒。

text: He's not feeling well now, but he should be okay after some rest.

translation: 他現在不太舒服，不過休息一下應該就沒事了。

forms:
more okay (comparative)
okayer (comparative)
most okay (superlative)
okayest (superlative)


okay

forms:
more okay (comparative)
most okay (superlative)


okay

pos_title: 感嘆詞

text: Okay, I'm thinking of a number...

translation: 好吧，我在想一個數字...


oke

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示Okpe (Southwestern Edo)。


ottawa

glosses: 渥太華語（奧吉布瓦語的一種方言）

outaouais

sense: 渥太華語（奧吉布瓦語的一種方言）


paean

forms: paeans (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paean.wav

rhymes: -iːən

parts: pae an


perfumer

glosses: 香水設計師，調香師，香水師

forms: perfumers (plural)

ipa: /pəˈfjuːmə/

ipa: /ˈpəːfjʊmə/


ottoman

text: This ottoman is set on casters, and is a great convenience for holding articles, while serving also as a seat.

ref: 1869, Catherine E. Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, The American Woman’s Home:

forms: ottomans (plural)

ipa: /ˈɑtəmən/

ipa: /ˈɒtəmən/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ottoman.wav

footstool

sense: 擱腳凳

parts: ot to man


perfunctory

forms:
more perfunctory (comparative)
most perfunctory (superlative)


Ouagadougou

pos: name

pos_title: 專有名詞

glosses: 瓦加杜古，布基納法索首都

forms: Uagadugu (alternative)

ipa: /ˈwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/


profilers

glosses: profil 的不定屬格複數


perhaps

ipa: /pəˈhæps/

ipa: /pɚˈhæps/

ipa: /ˈpɹæps/

rhymes: -æps

parts: per haps


ouija

glosses: Ouija (“通靈板”)的另一種寫法

text: 灵媒——桌灵转——通靈板——诸如此类的东西。

ref: Mediums — tipping tables — ouijas — all that sort of thing.

forms: ouijas (plural)


peri

forms:
pêri (canonical)
peri-peri (plural)

ipa: [pəˈri]

parts: pê ri


old-world

glosses: 古樸的，古雅的，古色古香的


plummet

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 plommet (“铅球，摆锤”)，自1382年有书面记录，源自古法語 plommet或者plomet，plom、plum (“测深锤”)的指小词，源自拉丁語 plumbum (“铅”)。动词最早记录见于1626年，表示“测量，测深”，其源自名词。

text: Iudgement also will I lay to the line, and righteousnesse to the plummet: and the haile shall sweepe away the refuge of lyes, and the waters shall ouerflow the hiding place.

ref: 1611，The Holy Bible, […]（King James Version），London： […] Robert Barker, […]，→OCLC，「Isaiah 28:17」：

text: His parachute was shot half away, and if he'd jumped he would have fallen like a plummet.

ref: 1945, Ernie Pyle, Here Is Your War: Story of G.I. Joe, The World Publishing Company, page 93:

glosses: 锤规 （一种曾在学校里使用的在纸上划线的铅）

text: Yet another seriously under-par performance is unlikely to provide any real answers to their remarkable plummet in form - but it proves they can at least churn out a much-needed result.

ref: 2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:

forms: plummets (plural)

rhymes: -ʌmɪt


plummet

glosses: 重重地，快速地跌落；暴跌，骤降

text: After its ascent, the arrow plummeted to earth.

translation: 箭上升以后，快速地射向地面。

text: Some speculated Twitter’s stock would plummet, while another said the company would not have to be owned by “a moron,” using an expletive to refer to Mr. Musk.

ref: 2022 October 4, Kate Conger, Lauren Hirsch, “Elon Musk Suggests Buying Twitter at His Original Price”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

text: Passenger numbers had been rising sharply. But the replacement of the services by buses, which take far longer because of the number of stations in out-of-the-way villages on the route, will ensure they plummet again.

ref: 2022 December 14, Christian Wolmar, “No Marston Vale line trains... and no one in charge seems to 'give a damn'”, in RAIL, number 972, page 46:

forms:
plummets (third-person singular present)
plummeting (present participle)
plummetting (present participle)
plummeted (past participle)
plummetted (past participle)

dive

sense: 暴跌


pagan

glosses: pagar 的第三人稱複數現在時虛擬式


pagan

glosses: 坚强的，强壮的，坚固的，结实的


profiteer

forms: profiteers (plural)

ipa: /ˌpɹɒfɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/

rhymes: -ɪə(ɹ)


profiteer

forms:
profiteers (third-person singular present)
profiteering (present participle)
profiteered (past participle)

ipa: /ˌpɹɒfɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/


phosphorated

glosses: phosphorate 的簡單過去時和過去時分詞


phosphorated

forms:
more phosphorated (comparative)
most phosphorated (superlative)


ocarina

etymology_texts: 借自意大利語 ocarina (字面意思是“小鵝”)，因其形狀相似而得名。

forms:
ochorina (alternative)
ocarinas (plural)

ipa: /ɒkəˈɹiːnə/

ipa: /ɑkəˈɹinə/

ipa: /oʊkəˈɹinə/


ocarina

etymology_texts: 源自意大利語 ocarina。

forms: ocarines (plural)

audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-ocarina.wav


ocarina

forms: ocarinas (plural)

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-ocarina.wav


ocarina

etymology_texts: oca (“鵝”) 的指小詞，源自通俗拉丁語 *auca < 晚期拉丁語 *avica，源自古典拉丁語 avis。

forms: ocarine (plural)

rhymes: -ina


ocarina

etymology_texts: 借自意大利語 ocarina。

ipa: /okaˈɾina/


ocarina

glosses: okarina (“陶笛”)的另一種寫法


profligate

forms:
more profligate (comparative)
most profligate (superlative)

ipa: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/

enpr: prŏʹflĭgət

ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/

ipa: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡeɪt/

enpr: prŏʹflĭgāt

ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/


profligate

forms: profligates (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/

ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/

ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/


profligate

forms:
profligates (third-person singular present)
profligating (present participle)
profligated (past participle)

ipa: /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/

ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/

ipa: /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/


pageant

etymology_texts: 14世纪末叶作中古英語 pagent，源自中世紀拉丁語 pagina (“奥迹剧”)，多半源自拉丁語 pāgina (“页”)。

glosses: （尤指穿传统服饰的）盛大游行

text: The artists who painted these murals brought the pageant of America vividly to life. Everyone knew that the construction of this pageant, and the celebration of America that it implied, was the work of the New Deal.

ref: 2022, Gary Gerstle, chapter 1, in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order […] , New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, Part I. The New Deal Order, 1930–1980:

forms:
pageaunt (obsolete alternative)
pageants (plural)

ipa: /ˈpæd͡ʒənt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pageant.wav

spectacle

sense: （尤指穿传统服饰的）盛大游行

beauty contest

sense: beauty pageant (“选美比赛”)的缩略形式


pageant

forms:
pageaunt (obsolete alternative)
pageants (third-person singular present)
pageanting (present participle)
pageanted (past participle)


pageant

glosses: pagent的另一種寫法


phosphoriser

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-phosphoriser.wav


pager

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]分頁器；呼叫器
* [简:自由软体]分页器；呼叫器
* 正體: 頁調器；呼叫器[電子計算機]


proverbial

glosses:
adj. 格言的，谚语的==葡萄牙語==
谚语的


paranoia

etymology_texts:
最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)，源自παράνοος (paránoos，“疯癫的，痴呆的”)，源自παρά (pará，“超越”) + νόος (nóos，“心智，心灵”)。
就词形分析为para- (“异常，超越”) + nous (“心智”) + -ia (“症候，症状”)。

forms:
paranœa (alternative)
paranoea (alternative)
paranoïa (rare alternative)
paranoias (plural)
paranoiæ (plural)

ipa: /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/

ipa: /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/

rhymes: -ɔɪə

pronoia

sense: 偏执症，妄想症

parts: pa ra noia


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

forms: paranoies (plural)


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

ipa: [ˈparanoja]


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

glosses: 有关，或罹患偏执症，妄想症的

paranoïde

sense: 有关，或罹患偏执症，妄想症的


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

vainoharha

sense: 疑心，猜忌


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

ipa: [ˈpɒrɒnojɒ]

rhymes: -jɒ

parts: pa ra no ia


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

forms:
paranoie (plural)
paranóia (alternative)

rhymes: -ɔja


paranoia

etymology_texts: 最终源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。

forms: paranoias (plural)


paranoia

etymology_texts: 源自古希臘語 παράνοια (paránoia，“疯狂”)。详见英語 paranoia。

ipa: /paɾaˈnoja/

rhymes: -oja


providence

etymology_texts: 源自盎格魯-諾曼語 providence、中古法語 providence，及两者词源拉丁語 prōvidentia (“远虑”)，源自prōvidēre (“提供”)的现在分词。取代了本土词古英語 foresċēawung。

glosses: 预先准备，深谋远虑，远见

date: 自14世纪

text: The idea was that a complete list of fully documented providences should be compiled as a cooperative venture which would cross denominational barriers.

ref: 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society 2012, p. 91:

glosses: 对资源的合理安排，节约，节俭

text: His providence in saving for his old age is exemplary.

forms: providences (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɹɒvɪdəns/


paginate

forms:
paginates (third-person singular present)
paginating (present participle)
paginated (past participle)

enpr: păj'ən-āt

ipa: /ˈpæd͡ʒəneɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paginate.wav


paranoid

glosses: 有关，或罹患偏执症，妄想症的

glosses: 多疑的，疑心病的，无端猜忌的

text: Maybe I'm paranoid, but that doesn't mean that they are not out to get me.

translation: 可能是我多想了，但是那不能说明他们没有出来抓我。

forms:
more paranoid (comparative)
most paranoid (superlative)

ipa: /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

ipa: /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

ipa: /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paranoid.wav

rhymes: -ɔɪd

parts: para noid


paranoid

forms: paranoids (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

ipa: /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

ipa: /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/


paranoid

glosses: 有关，或罹患偏执症，妄想症的

glosses: 多疑的，疑心病的，无端猜忌的

forms:
paranoider (strong nominative masculine singular)
paranoider (comparative)
am paranoidesten (superlative)

ipa: [paʁanoˈʔiːt]

parts: pa ra no id


oleate

glosses: olei 的現在時被動態副詞性分詞


progenitor

glosses:
progenitor/-a
m.
f. 长辈，父亲，母亲
pl. 父母==葡萄牙語==
祖先


pagoda

etymology_texts: 來自葡萄牙語 pagode，經由泰米爾語來自梵語 भगवती (bhagavatī，女神名)或भागवत (bhāgavata)。

forms: pagodas (plural)


progeny

text: O Progeny of Heaven! Empyreal Thrones!

ref: (Can we date this quote?), John Milton, Paradise Lost:

text: Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are.

ref: (Can we date this quote?), John Milton, Areopagitica:

text: Dante’s progeny among the writers are his true canonizers.

ref: (Can we date this quote?), Harold Bloom, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

text: Issued from the progeny of kings.

ref: (Can we date this quote?), William Shakespeare, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

ipa: /ˈpɹɒdʒəni/

enpr: prŏj'ə-nē

ipa: /ˈpɹɑdʒəni/

parts: prog e ny


progesterone

forms: progesterones (plural)

ipa: /pɹəˈdʒɛstəɹəʊn/

ipa: /pɹoʊˈdʒɛstəˌɹoʊn/


occultation

forms: occultations (plural)

ipa: /ˌɒkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

ipa: /ˌɑkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/

parts: oc cul ta tion


pah

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示坦賀利姆語。


olefin

glosses: 未饱和的开链烯烃或只有一个双键的烯烃

forms: olefins (plural)

ipa: /ˈəʊləfɪn/


preharden

forms:
prehardens (third-person singular present)
prehardening (present participle)
prehardened (past participle)


occupant

forms: occupants (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-occupant.wav


prehardening

glosses: preharden 的現在時分詞和動名詞


preheater

glosses:
* [S:化学]预热器
'
* [T:化學]預熱器
* 简体: 预热器[船舶科技]
* 正體: 預熱器[造船工程]


provisional

ipa: /pɹəˈvɪʒənəl/


pluvial

glosses: adj. 雨的，雨水的，高级神职人员穿的(礼服)


ply

glosses: (國際標準) ISO 639-3 語言代碼，表示巴琉語。


ply

forms:
plies (third-person singular present)
plying (present participle)
plied (past participle)

ipa: /plaɪ/

rhymes: -aɪ


ply

forms:
ply (plural)
plies (plural)
plys (plural)


programmable

text: This enables programmable tensiometry and fluid movement while insuring efficient energy transfer to the in-wheel electrostatic nanomotors.

ref: 2007 November 11, Phil Patton, “Far Out: Studios Imagine Smart Cars for a World Transformed by Robots”, in New York Times:

ipa: /pɹəʊˈɡɹæməbəl/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-programmable.wav


programmable

glosses: 使用者能自行編寫程式/程序的計算機/計算器

text: Most of the important decision-making functions found on computers are available on TI programmables: Looping. Branching. Flags. Sub-routines. Yet there's no special language to learn.

ref: 1974, The Michigan Technic, volumes 93-95, page 33:

forms: programmables (plural)

ipa: /pɹəʊˈɡɹæməbəl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-programmable.wav


programs

glosses: program 的不定属格单数形。

glosses: program 的不定屬格複數形。


prowess

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 prowesse、prouwesse、proues、prouesce、prouesse (“战斗中的英勇；英勇行为；杰出优越；（人格的）高尚；聪慧”)，源自古法語 proeche、proesce、proeësche (“好，佳；优秀；勇敢”)，源自古法語 preu、prou、prouz、proz、pruz (“好的；优秀的；英勇的”)。对比英語 proud。

glosses: 高超的技艺，技能，本领，造诣

text: When in liquor he would make foolish wagers. On one of these too frequent occasions he was boasting of his prowess as a pedestrian and athlete, and the outcome was a match against nature. For a stake of one sovereign he undertook to run all the way to Coventry and back, a distance of something more than forty miles.

ref: 1888 October 14, Ambrose Bierce, “An Unfinished Race”, in The San Francisco Examiner, →OCLC; republished in Can Such Things Be?, Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, 1903, →OCLC, page 313:

text: There is such a sense of inferiority sometimes when it comes to facing Germany, with all their World Cups, their penalty prowess and easy sophistication, it might come as a surprise to learn that, in head-to-head encounters, England actually match their opponents.

ref: 2017 November 10, Daniel Taylor, “Youthful England earn draw with Germany but Lingard rues late miss”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 28 Mar 2018:

glosses: 英勇，勇敢，无畏，英雄气概 （尤指在战斗中）

text: […] But, wroth because this man in full assembly, / Came and reviled thee, thou wouldst shew thy prowess, / The prowess that attends thee, that henceforth / Not e'er a man might think to scorn thy prowess, […]

ref: 1863, Homer, T[homas] S[tarling] Norgate, transl., The Odyssey; or, The Ten Years’ Wandering of Odusseus, after the Ten Years’ Siege of Troy. Reproduced in Dramatic Blank Verse, London: Williams and Norgate, […], →OCLC, page 158:

text: A beautiful great lady, past her prime, / Behold her dreaming in her easy chair; / Grey robed, and veiled, in laces old and rare, / Her smiling eyes see but the vanished time / Of splendid prowess, and of deeds sublime.

ref: 1910, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, “England, Awake!”, in Poems of Experience, London: Gay & Hancock, Ltd., 12 and 13 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, published 1917, →OCLC, page 38; republished as More Poems, Toronto, Ont.: McClelland & Stewart Publishers, 1919, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 246:

glosses: 显示出上述特质的行为 熟练，高超的手法

text: I recollect hearing […] of his [Sir William Hamilton's] simple, independent, meditative habits, ruggedly athletic modes of exercise, fondness for his big dog, etc. etc.: […] I did not witness, much less share in, any of the swimming or other athletic prowesses.

ref: 1869 July, “Art. VI.—Memoir of Sir William Hamilton, Bart., Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. By John Veitch, M.A., Professor of Logic and Rhetoric in the University of Glasgow. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1869.”, in The North British Review, volume L, number C, Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas, →OCLC, page 493:

text: As the Middle Ages drew to a close and the Renaissance rose like a new sun, knowledge of philosophy and the sciences became objects of interest to a nobility that had once held only skill in battle as a prowess worth attaining.

ref: 2007, Christopher Hodapp, “From Darkness to Light”, in Richard Harris, editor, Solomon’s Builders: Freemasons, Founding Fathers and the Secrets of Washington, D.C., Berkeley, Calif.: Ulysses Press, →ISBN, pages 35–36:

glosses: 显示出上述特质的行为 英勇行为

text: Thenne the batails approuched and ſhoue and ſhowted on bothe ſydes / many men ouerthrowen / hurte / & ſlayn and grete valyaunces / proweſſes and appertyces of werre were that day ſhewed […]

ref: a. 1472, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum viij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book V, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 87, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 173, lines 11–15:

text: If it is deemed of so much importance, why has no attention been paid to the effects of general friendship, such as certain military prowesses, in which you see a portion of a regiment sacrifice itself in support of another portion?

ref: 1851, Charles Fourier, Hugh Doherty, transl., “Ulterlogue”, in The Passions of the Human Soul, and Their Influence on Society and Civilization. […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Hippolyte Bailliere, […], →OCLC, page 88:

forms: prowesses (plural)

ipa: /ˈpɹaʊɪs/

ipa: /ˈpɹaʊəs/

parts: prow ess


prowl

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 prollen，其词源不详。

glosses: 鬼鬼祟祟地四处徘徊； 觅食或寻找猎物

text: He prowls each place, still in new colours decked.

translation: The New Arcadia

ref: a. 1587，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，「(please specify the page number)」，收錄於 Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio（編），The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London： […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie，1590 出版，→OCLC；republished in Albert Feuillerat（編），The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia（Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney；I），Cambridge, Cambridgeshire：University Press，1912，→OCLC：

text: Watch the lioness prowling in the shrubbery for zebras.

translation: 看那只母狮子在灌木丛里狩猎斑马。

text: It's easy to sneak vandalism into Wiktionary as there are few other users prowling the Recent Changes page.

translation: 维基词典很容易就会被人偷偷破坏，因为没有多少用户盯着“最近更改”页面。

text: While McCarthy prowled the touchline barking orders, his opposite number watched on motionless and expressionless and, with 25 minutes to go, decided to throw on Nicolas Anelka for Kalou。

ref: 2011 January 5, Mark Ashenden, “Wolverhampton 1 - 0 Chelsea”, in BBC:

text: That dandy has nothing better to do than prowl around town all day in his pinstripe suit.

translation: 那个男的没别的事干，整天就穿着件细条纹西装在镇上无所事事地晃来晃去。

text: to prowl money

translation: 抢钱

forms:
prowls (third-person singular present)
prowling (present participle)
prowled (past participle)

ipa: /pɹaʊl/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-prowl.wav

rhymes: -aʊl

ipa: /pɹoʊl/


prowl

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 prollen，其词源不详。

glosses: 无所事事；鬼鬼祟祟地四处徘徊

text: I'm going on a midnight prowl.

translation: 我准备半夜出去晃晃。

forms: prowls (plural)


oceanographer

forms: oceanographers (plural)

ipa: /ˌoʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/


or

etymology_texts: 来自中古法語 or，来自古法語 or，来自拉丁語 aurum，来自原始意大利語 *auzom，来自原始印歐語 *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“輝光”)，来自*h₂ews- (“破曉，變亮，變紅”)。

forms: ors (plural)

ipa: /ɔʁ/

rhymes: -ɔʁ

word: la parole est d'argent, le silence est d'or


or

etymology_texts: 来自古法語 ore，来自通俗拉丁語 hā horā，改自hāc horā (“（在）这个小时”，離格)。对比西班牙語 ahora、葡萄牙語 agora。


or

pos: conj

pos_title: 連詞


ora

glosses:
orar 的屈折：
第三人稱單數現在時直陳式

glosses:
orar 的屈折：
第二人稱單數命令式


ora

etymology_texts: oro （“金”） + -a（形容词化）。

forms:
oran (accusative singular)
oraj (plural)
orajn (accusative plural)


ora

etymology_texts: < 原始芬兰-乌戈尔语 *ora。 同源词有：匈牙利语 ár、伊纳里萨米语 oari、莫克沙语 ура (ura)。 可能最初为印欧语借词，对比古诺尔斯语 alr、梵语 आरा (ārā)。

ipa: /ˈorɑ/

rhymes: -orɑ

parts: o ra


ora

glosses: orar 的第三人稱單數現在時直陳式

glosses: orar 的第二人稱單數命令式


ora

etymology_texts: < 拉丁語 hōra （“小时”） < 古希臘語 ὥρα (hora)（“小时”）。

text: Che ora è?　现在几点了？

forms: ore (plural)

ipa: /ora/


ora

etymology_texts: 对比古希腊语 ὅρος (hóros)（“边界，界标”）。 可能与 urvo （“用犁耕出来未来城市的边界”）相关。

forms:
ōra (canonical)
ōrae (genitive)


ora

etymology_texts: ōs （“口”）的屈折词形。

forms: ōra (canonical)


ora

etymology_texts: < 拉丁語 hōra （“小时”）。

text: Quina ora es?　现在几点了？

forms: oras (plural)


ora

etymology_texts: < 原始日耳曼语 *auzô，该词根也产生古英语 ēare（ > 英语 ear）、古诺尔斯语 eyra （“耳”）、荷兰语 oor （“耳”）。


ora

etymology_texts: < 拉丁語 hōra （“小时”）。


ora

glosses:
orar 的屈折：
第三人稱單數現在時直陳式

glosses:
orar 的屈折：
第二人稱單數命令式


paintbrush

forms: paintbrushes (plural)

ipa: /ˈpeɪntˌbɹʌʃ/


oracle

etymology_texts: 繼承自中古英語 oracle，來自古法語 oracle，來自拉丁語 ōrāculum。

forms: oracles (plural)

ipa: /ˈɔɹəkəl/

ipa: /ˈɒɹəkəl/

homophone: auricle


ovoviviparous

etymology_texts: 來自ovo- +，來自拉丁語 ōvum (“蛋”) + -o- + viviparous，來自拉丁語 vīviparus，來自vīvus (“生命；活體”) + pariō (“生育，生產”)。

text: The anaconda is an ovoviviparous reptile.

ipa: /ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/

ipa: /ˌoʊvoʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/


oral

glosses:
adj. 口头的==葡萄牙語==
口头的


painter

etymology_texts: 可能源自中古法语 pendeur。

glosses: 在不使用时将锚柄附着在船侧的链条或绳索。【约14-17世纪时使用】

glosses: （航海）连接到船头的绳子，用于把该船系在如码头或其他船上的地方。【约14-17世纪时使用】

ipa: /ˈpeɪntə/

ipa: /ˈpeɪntɚ/

rhymes: -eɪntə(ɹ)


painter

etymology_texts: 源自 panther 写法的变化。

glosses: 美洲狮，由panther的发音错误而来。


pericyte

text: Since 1873, when Rouget regarded pericytes as contractile elements (Rouget 1874), the discussion concerning this ability has never ceased. Pericytes are likely to respond to vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1, because they express respective receptors (Dehouck et al., 1997, Chakravarthy and Gardiner, 1999, Healy and Wilk, 1993).

ref: 2007, Martin Krũger, Ingo Bechmann, Pericytes, Thomas E. Lane, Monica Carson, Conni Bergmann, Tony Wyss-Coray (editors), Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation, page 39,

text: However, due to the morphological similarities of rodent retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes, markers allowing for the distinction of retinal capillary cells were crucial for quantitative analysis.

ref: 2008, Frederick Pfister, Yuxi Feng, Hans-Peter Hammes, Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina, Elia Duh, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humana Press, page 249,

text: This vessel is assembled by mesonephros-derived endothelial stem cells and subsequently becomes stabilized by pericytes. The pericytes are either produced by the endothelial stem cells or acquired from pericyte progenitors located close by, presumably representing reticular stroma components of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region known to contain a large number of different stem cell types.

ref: 2009, Michail S. Davidoff, Ralf Middendorff, Dieter Müller, Adolf F. Holstein, The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes, Springer, page 106,

forms: pericytes (plural)


Oran

etymology_texts: 古愛爾蘭語聖名Odrán（odhar (“灰黃的，灰褐的”)的指小）的英語化。


ocelot

forms: ocelots (plural)

ipa: /ˈɒsəlɒt/

ipa: /ˈɑsəlɑt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ocelot.wav


paraplegic

ipa: /ˌpɛɹəˈplid͡ʒɪk/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paraplegic.wav

ipa: /ˌpɛɹəpəˈlid͡ʒɪk/

rhymes: -iːdʒɪk


paraplegic

forms: paraplegics (plural)

ipa: /ˌpɛɹəˈplid͡ʒɪk/

ipa: /ˌpɛɹəpəˈlid͡ʒɪk/


paraplegic

forms:
paraplegică (feminine singular)
paraplegici (masculine plural)
paraplegice


prejudiced

glosses: prejudice 的過去式和過去分詞


prejudiced

forms:
more prejudiced (comparative)
most prejudiced (superlative)


prurient

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 prūriēns，prūriō (“痒”)的现在分词。

glosses: 因欲望（尤指淫欲）而蠢蠢欲动的；好色的，发情的

text: We know that at that period certain indecencies in the dresses, even of those who were considered as the most refined and polished men of the age, were not only tolerated but ostentatiously displayed, and every sort of device that the most prurient mind could think of was had recourse to, to attract attention or excite a smile.

ref: 1823, The London Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, Etc, page 781,

text: For example, some of the more prudish senders may have averted their attention from the sexual pictures while other more prurient viewers may have intensified their gaze.

ref: 1995, Brian Parkinson, Ideas and Realities of Emotion, page 124,

text: It must be removed at once, lest it disturb the young and arouse in adults the most prurient thoughts.

ref: 2010, Stephen Sartarelli (translator), Love and the Erotic in Art, (2008, Stefano Zuffi, Amore ed erotismo), John Paul Getty Trust, US, page 7,

text: But in contemporary consumerist societies, when the kids are safely in bed, television programs allow viewers to indulge their more prurient interests.

ref: 2008, Marcel Danesi, Popular Culture: Introductory Perspectives, page 204,

text: Much of my discussion in the previous two chapters has focused on the dichotomy in Alemán's novel between the author's stated interest in moral didacticism and the more prurient appeal of the novel's representations of material privation and violent spectacle.

ref: 2005, Donald Gilbert-Santamaría, Writers on the Market: Consuming Literature in Early Seventeenth-century Spain, page 130,

forms:
more prurient (comparative)
most prurient (superlative)

lustful

sense: 好色的

titillating

sense: 激起色欲的

parts: pru ri ent


prurient

glosses: prūriō 的第三人稱複數將來時主動態直陳式

forms: prūrient (canonical)


ox

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 oxe ← 古英語 oxa ← 原始日耳曼語 *uhsô (對比西弗里斯蘭語 okse, 荷蘭語 os, 德語 Ochse)，源自原始印歐語 *uksḗn。與威爾士語 ych (“公牛”), 吐火羅語A ops, 吐火羅語B okso, 阿維斯陀語 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬥 (uxšan，“公牛”), 梵語 उक्षन् (ukṣan)同源。

text: Here the same four kinds are mentioned ... These are sheep, goats, camels and oxen.

ref: 1934, commentary on the Qur'an (Sura 39 verse 6) by Abdullah Yusuf Ali:

forms: oxen (plural)

ipa: /ˈɑks/

ipa: /ˈɒks/

rhymes: -ɒks

bullock

sense: 去過勢的公牛

*ūrô

sense: 原牛

*uhsô

sense: 公牛


ox

etymology_texts: 與古突厥語 𐰸 (oq，“箭頭”), 楚瓦什語 ухӑ (uh̬ă)同源，源自原始突厥語 *ok。

forms:
oxnu (definite accusative)
oxlar (plural)
ok (alternative)
oke (alternative)


ox

etymology_texts: 源自原始蒙古語 *ög-。與蒙古語 өгөх (ögöx)，並可能與契丹語 [需要契丹小字] (û)有關。

text: Be Dromada samtexge oxgu tarang erna.

translation: 我想給卓瑪送禮物。

ipa: /ɵx/


palace

forms: palaces (plural)

ipa: /ˈpælɪs/

ipa: /ˈpæləs/

rhymes: -ælɪs

parts: pal ace


oxalis

glosses: 酢漿草屬（Oxalis）植物

text: My oxalis and begonias are all in bloom at the windows of my bedroom.

translation: 我卧室窗台上的酢浆草和秋海棠都盛开了。

ref: 2007年 4月5日，Anne Raver，「Rethinking the Pots on an Old, Cracked Terrace」，收錄於 New York Times：

forms: oxalises (plural)


oxalis

etymology_texts: 源自古希臘語 ὀξαλίς (oxalís)。

forms: oxalidis (genitive)


oratory

ipa: /ˈɒɹət(ə)ɹi/


oligarchy

etymology_texts:
借自法語 oligarchie，源自晚期拉丁語 oligarchia，源自古希臘語 ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía)，源自ὀλίγος (olígos，“少數”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ，“統治”)。
字面分析等同於oligo- (“少數”) + -archy (“統治，命令”)。

text: Despite the involvement of all classes of society, America's political duopoly and the importance of money to mass-market campaigning has established an oligarchy that is seldom responsive to the citizenry as a whole, when opposed to the wealthy or major interest groups.

translation: 儘管社會各階層都參與其中，但美國的雙頭政治壟斷以及金錢對大眾競選活動的重要性，已經確立了一個寡頭政治，當與富人或主要利益集團對抗時，該寡頭政治很少對全體公民負責。

text: It's an oligarchy because these families own and run almost everything that makes money in El Salvador. Coffee gave birth to the oligarchy in the late 19th century, and economic growth has revolved around them ever since.

translation: 這是一個寡頭政治，因為這些家族擁有並經營著薩爾瓦多幾乎所有賺錢的東西。咖啡在19世紀末催生了寡頭政治，從此經濟成長就圍繞著寡頭政治。

ref: 1981年 9月6日，「The Eclipse of the Oligarchs [寡头的衰落]」，收錄於 The New York Times，→ISSN：

text: The Itasca Project is just one example of existing oligarchy, and a surprisingly open one at that.

translation: 伊塔斯卡計畫只是現存寡頭政治的一個例子，並且是一個令人驚訝的公開的寡頭政治。

ref: 2016年 1月17日，「Wealthy cabals run America [富有的阴谋集团统治美国]」，收錄於 Al Jazeera America，於 2016年1月18日 擷取：

text: The 1832 Reform Act aimed to transform the British oligarchy and allow Parliament to represent the interests of a broader range of the population.

translation: 1832年改革法案旨在改變英國寡頭政治，使議會能夠代表更廣泛民眾的利益。

text: The modern British oligarchy—particularly during periods of Tory rule—has been called a chumocracy.

translation: 現代英國寡頭政治——特別是保守黨執政時期——被稱為密友政治。

forms: oligarchies (plural)

ipa: /ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/

ipa: /ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/

ipa: /ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/

meritocracy

raw_tags: 由「最優秀的人」統治，特別是世襲貴族


palaestra

forms:
palaestras (plural)
palaestrae (plural)

ipa: /pəˈliːstɹə/

ipa: /pəˈlʌɪstɹə/


octagonal

forms: octogonal (obsolete alternative)

enpr: ŏk-tăgʹə-nl


octagonal

forms: octagonals (masculine feminine plural)

rhymes: -al


octagonal

forms: octagonales (masculine feminine plural)

ipa: /oɡtaɡoˈnal/


pneumoconiosis

etymology_texts: 借自新拉丁語 pneumoconiōsis，來自古希臘語 πνεῦμα (pneûma，“風，氣息，精神”) + κόνις (kónis，“灰塵”) + -osis。

text: Zhang Haichao was twenty-eight when he got pneumoconiosis. He was fit and well before he started working at an abrasive-materials factory in Xinmi, not far from Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, where he comes from. On the job, he inhaled a huge amount of dust every day. In the second half of 2007, he began to cough and felt short of breath.

translation: 張志超28歲就得了塵肺病。在新密一家磨料工廠上班之前，他的身體很好很健康，那裡距離他的老家、河南省省會鄭州不遠。工作中他每天都會吸入大量的粉塵。在2007年下半年，他開始咳嗽、感覺呼吸困難，

ref: 2012，Hsiao-Hung Pai，Scattered Sand: The Story of China's Rural Migrants [散沙：中國農民工的故事]，Verso Books，→ISBN，→LCCN，→OCLC，86頁：

forms: pneumoconioses (plural)


orbital

glosses:
adj. [天]轨道的==葡萄牙語==
轨道的


orbitale

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-orbitale.wav


orbitale

forms: orbitales (plural)


orbitale

glosses:
orbital 的屈折：
強變化/混合變化主格/賓格陰性單數

glosses:
orbital 的屈折：
強變化主格/賓格複數

glosses:
orbital 的屈折：
弱變化主格任意性別單數

glosses:
orbital 的屈折：
弱變化賓格陰性/中性單數

rhymes: -aːlə


orbitale

glosses: orbitālis 的主格/賓格/呼格中性單數

forms: orbitāle (canonical)


orbitale

glosses: orbitar 的第二人稱單數voseo命令式與 le 的合詞


prolactin

etymology_texts: 源自 pro- (源自古希臘語 πρό (pró，“之前”)) + lact- (lacto- 的異體，源自拉丁語 lac (“奶，如”)) + -in (-ine 的異體)。

text: Men get a dose of the hormone prolactin after orgasm and this acts as a sedative.

translation: 男性在性高潮后会分泌一定剂量的催乳素，这种激素具有镇静作用。

ref: 2019，Sara Pascoe，Sex Power Money：

forms: prolactins (plural)


octal

forms:
octals (plural)
oct (abbreviation)


octal

glosses:
* [正:自由軟體]八進位
* [简:自由软体]【修】八元；【修】八进制
* 正體: 八進；八進制的；八進位；八進位的；八邊的[電子計算機]


palatalization

forms: palatalizations (plural)

ipa: /ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

ipa: /ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

wav_url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-palatalization.wav


parasiticide

forms: parasiticides (plural)

ipa: /ˌpæɹəˈsɪtɪsaɪd/


proletarian

forms:
more proletarian (comparative)
most proletarian (superlative)


premedication

text: The retrospective study revealed that, in the acetaminophen group, the mean value of postmedication body temperature (BT) was significantly higher than that of the premedication BT.

translation: 回顾性研究显示，对乙酰氨基酚组用药后体温（BT）平均值明显高于用药前体温。

ref: 2015年 10月3日，「Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Are Better than Acetaminophen on Fever Control at Acute Stage of Fracture」，收錄於 PLOS ONE，→DOI：


octet

glosses:
* 正體: 八位元組[自由軟體]
* 简体: 八位字节[自由软体]
* 正體: 八位元組[電機工程]
* 正體: 位元組［相當於8bits; 1byte］[通訊工程]
* 正體: 八比拜；八位元組[電子計算機]


proletariat

etymology_texts: 借自法語 prolétariat，源自prolétaire + -at，源自拉丁語 proletārius，源自prōlēt- (“后代”) + -ārius，源自prōlēs的词干，源自pro- + *olēs (“生长”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *h₂el- (“长，育”)。字面分析等同於拉丁語 prōlēt- + -ary + -at。

text: Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie to-day, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class. The other classes decay and finally disappear in the face of modern industry; the proletariat is its special and essential product.

translation: 在当前同资产阶级对立的一切阶级中，只有无产阶级才是真正革命的阶级。其余的一切阶级都随着大工业的发展而日趋衰落和灭亡，无产阶级却是大工业本身的产物。

ref: 1848 February，Karl Marx，Frederick Engels [i.e., Friedrich Engels]，「Bourgeois and Proletarians」，收錄於 Samuel Moore（譯），Manifesto of the Communist Party. […]，2nd版，New York, N.Y.：National Executive Committee of the Socialist Labor Party，1898 出版，→OCLC，27頁：

forms:
proletariats (plural)
proletariate (alternative)

ipa: /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/

enpr: prō'lĭ-târʹē-ət

proletary

sense: 社会底层人，平民，贱民

proletarian

sense: （作为集体的）无产阶级

proletarian

sense: 无产者

parts: pro le ta ri at


proletariat

etymology_texts: 借自俄語 пролетариа́т (proletariát)，源自法語 prolétariat。

forms:
proletariatı (definite accusative)
proletariatlar (plural)


proletariat

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 prōlētārius (“唯一财产就是自己的后代的人”) + -at，源自proles (“后代，子嗣”)。

forms: proletariats (plural)


proletariat

forms:
proletariatet
proletariater (indefinite plural)


proletariat

forms:
prolêtariat (canonical)
proletariat-proletariat (plural)

ipa: /prolətaˈriat/


proletariat

forms: proletariacki (relational adjective)

audio: LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-proletariat.wav

rhymes: -arjat

parts: pro le ta riat


oligopoly

etymology_texts:
原始印歐語詞
 *h₃ligos
源自oligo- (前綴意思是“很少；一些”) + -poly (後綴，意思是“與市場上賣家的數量有關”)，類比monopoly。

text: Because of the ease of collusion, particularly price fixing, duopolies and oligopolies easily produce outcomes as bad for the general public as outright monopolies.

translation: 由於容易發生合謀，尤其是價格操縱，雙頭壟斷和寡占很容易產生與徹底壟斷一樣對公眾有害的後果。

text: For the sheep are falling into few and powerful hands; and these, if they have not a monopoly, have at least an oligopoly, and can keep up the price.

translation: 因為羊群落入了少數有權有勢的人的手中；這些企業即使沒有形成壟斷，至少也是形成寡占，並且能維持價格。

ref: 1866年 10月1日，Frederic Seebohm，「The Oxford Reformers of 1498. Chapter VII.」，收錄於 George Henry Lewes（編），The Fortnightly Review，第VI卷，第XXXIV期，London：Chapman and Hall, […]，→OCLC，「section 3 ([Thomas] More Drawn into Court. His Introduction to the “Utopia” (1516))」，489頁：

text: [Thomas] More makes an antithesis between monopolium and oligopolium. We have ‘monopoly,’ but not ‘oligopoly’ (the sale by a few), and so cannot preserve the point of the sentence.

translation: [托馬斯] 莫爾將壟斷與寡占進行了對比。我們有‘壟斷’，但沒有‘寡占’（少數人銷售），因此無法保留該句子的要點。

ref: [1895，J[oseph] H[irst] Lupton，「The Fyrste Boke of the Communycacion of Raphaell Hythlodaye Concernynge the Best State of a Commenwealthe」，收錄於 Thomas More，由 Ralph Robynson，The Utopia of Sir Thomas More: In Latin from the Edition of March 1518, and in English from the First Edition of Ralph Robynson’s Translation in 1551 […]，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Clarendon Press，→OCLC，「footnote 2」，55頁，第2zh-hans:列;zh-hant:欄：

text: An embarrassing infelicity is the use of Russianised consonants, where for six of the consonants, an additional set is made by supersigns, representing the letter h. […] The specialist offices have it all to themselves; not a 'monopoly’, but an ‘oligopoly’, if we may coin the term.

translation: 一個令人尷尬的不恰當之處是俄語化輔音的使用，其中六個輔音由一組額外的上標符號組成，代表字母 h。 […] 專業辦公室擁有自己的一切；不是‘壟斷’，而是‘寡占’，如果我們可以創造這個術語的話。

ref: 1907 April，G. Macloskie，「[General Literature.] The Gospel of Matthew in Esperanto.—La Evangelio Sankta Mateo lau Dro. Martin Luther Tradukita en la Lingvon Internacian Esperanto de W. B. Mielck kaj Fr. Stephan, kun Antauparolo de Lic. Dr. Alfred Jeremias Pastro de la Lutheran-preghejo kaj Docento de la Universitato en Leipzig. Leipzig, 1906. J. C. Hinrichs. pp. vii, 66. [book review]」，收錄於 The Princeton Theological Review，第V卷，第2期，Princeton, N.J.：Princeton University Press，→ISSN，→OCLC，352頁：

text: The major difference between pure and differentiated oligopoly cases is that in pure oligopolies less "shock" is needed to alter the organization of the market.

translation: 純粹寡占和差異化寡占之間的主要區別在於，純粹寡占需要較少的「衝擊」來改變市場組織。

ref: 1967，John C. Narver，「The Competitive Effects of Conglomerate Mergers」，收錄於 Conglomerate Mergers and Market Competition（Publications of the Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California），Berkeley；Los Angeles, Calif.：University of California Press，1969 出版，→OCLC，126頁：

text: Although the power source had shifted from the king's near monopoly into an elite oligopoly, the masses were still afflicted when they sought wood fuel. But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tile makers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal. This only magnified the indispensable nature of the oligopolists.

translation: 雖然權力來源已經從國王的近乎壟斷轉變為精英寡占，但民眾在尋求木質燃料時仍然受到困擾。但由於寡占，木炭燃料在倫敦的整個貿易和工業中迅速普及。到了 13 世紀，釀酒師、麵包師、瓷磚製造商、玻璃吹製工、陶器生產商以及其他一系列工匠都成為了木炭的即時消費者。這只會放大寡頭的不可或缺性。

ref: 2006 September，Edwin Black，「Power Struggle」，收錄於 Internal Combustion: How Corporations and Governments Addicted the World to Oil and Derailed the Alternatives，New York, N.Y.：St. Martin’s Press，→ISBN，16頁：

text: By the late 1930s, however, the major film companies had consolidated their status as vertically-integrated oligopolies that dominated movie production, distribution and exhibition.

translation: 然而，到了 20 世紀 30 年代末，主要電影公司已經鞏固了其垂直整合寡占的地位，主宰了電影製作、發行和放映。

ref: 2016，Iwan Morgan，「Introduction: Hollywood and the Great Depression」，收錄於 Iwan Morgan，Philip John Davies（編），Hollywood and the Great Depression: American Film, Politics and Society in the 1930s，Edinburgh：Edinburgh University Press，→ISBN：

text: Not only does the tech oligopoly seamlessly record our preferences, habits, and choices, it also uses that data to guide our future choices, rendering us increasingly useful to the tech companies and useless to ourselves.

translation: 科技寡占不僅無縫記錄我們的偏好、習慣和選擇，還利用這些數據來引導我們未來的選擇，使我們對科技公司越來越有用，而對我們自己卻毫無用處。

ref: 2022年 10月28日，Malcolm Harris，「Are We Living Under ‘Technofeudalism’?」，收錄於 New York Magazine：

forms: oligopolies (plural)

ipa: /ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/

ipa: /ɒlɪˈɡɒpli/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-oligopoly.wav

ipa: /ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/

ipa: /ˌoʊ-/

rhymes: -ɒpəli

parts: oli go po ly


pale

glosses: -le的pa類屈折形式。


perineum

etymology_texts: 借自晚期拉丁語 perinaeum，源自古希臘語 περίναιον (perínaion，“肛門和陰囊之間的空間”)，源自古希臘語 περίνεος, περίνεοι (períneos, períneoi，“男性生殖器”)，源自早期古希臘語 περίς (perís，“陰莖”)，源自古希臘語 πηρίς (pērís，“陰囊”)。

text: He was attacked with complete retention of urine, after a debauch, and six weeks afterwards an abscess formed in the perineum, which eventually burst, leaving a fistulous opening, through which the urine continued to be discharged to the period of his admission into the Hospital.

translation: 在一次放蕩之後，他出現完全尿瀦留，六週後會陰部形成膿腫，膿腫最終破裂，留下一個瘻管口，尿液經由該口繼續排出，直到他入院期間。

ref: 1827，Guy's Hospital: Case of Fistula in Perineo, Successfully Treated: The Lancet，12卷，61頁：

text: The prostate is surrounded by venous plexi and the perineum has a rich blood supply.

translation: 前列腺周圍有靜脈叢，會陰部有豐富的血液供應。

ref: 2005，Brian J. Moran，「27: Using the perineal pressure applicator device」，收錄於 Adam P. Dicker，Gregory S. Merrick，Frank M. Waterman，Richard K. Valicenti，Leonar G. Gomella（編），Basic and Advanced Techniques in Prostate Brachytherapy，251頁：

text: The perineum is diamond shaped and stretches from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx.

translation: 會陰呈菱形，從恥骨部聯合延伸至尾骨。

ref: 2011，Ian Lyons，Biomedical Science: Lecture Notes，371頁：

forms:
perinaeum (alternative)
perinæum (alternative)
perineums (plural)
perinea (plural)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-perineum.wav


perineum

etymology_texts: 古典借詞，源自拉丁語 perinaeum。

forms: perineumi (definite singular)


premium

glosses: 保险费，為保險和人壽險契約所支付的金額。


octogenarian

etymology_texts: 借自拉丁語 octōgēnārius + -an (構成形容詞和代表名詞的後綴)，直接借自法語 octogénaire或經其傳入，源自拉丁語 octōgēnus (“各八十”) + -ārius，源自 octōgintā (“八個十，八十”)。

text: Mama was by no means the only grandma present, for the octogenarians had turned out en masse from their huts and lean-tos and were paddling about, diving and splashing as unconcernedly as though they really belonged in the sea rather than on land.

ref: 1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka (republished by Eland, 2019; p. 75f; emphasis in original):

text: Finsbury Park station, one of the most important L.N.E.R. suburban junctions, is now an octogenarian.

ref: 1941 October, “Notes and News: Finsbury Park Station”, in Railway Magazine, page 466:

text: To replace logarithmic tables with natural tables required some time. This seems like a modern age, yet I am not an octogenarian and I can remember the dying gasp of the logarithmic table as the standard method of computation. I have seen the desk calculator become a necessary instrument for every scientist who is doing quantitative work.

ref: 1951, IBM Corp., Proceedings, Computation Seminar, page 13:

text: First up for recriminations may be President Biden. What if the octogenarian had stuck to his original suggestion that he’d be a “bridge” president – i.e., a one-termer – and announced he wouldn’t run for a second term early last year, allowing for a proper primary competition among the next generation of Democratic leaders?

ref: 2024 November 6, Linda Feldmann, “What Trump’s historic victory says about America”, in The Christian Science Monitor:

forms: octogenarians (plural)

ipa: /ˌɑktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/

ipa: /ˌɒktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/


octogenarian

glosses: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

ipa: /ˌɑktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/

ipa: /ˌɒktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/

vicenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

tricenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

quadragenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

quinquagenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

semicentenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

hexagenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

sexagenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

septuagenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

nonagenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

centenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

semisupercentenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的

supercentenarian

sense: 八旬的，八十歲到八十九歲的


paleness

text: The cold weather intensified the paleness of the landscape.

forms: palenesses (plural)


premonition

etymology_texts:
15世纪中叶，源自盎格魯-諾曼語 premunition，源自教會拉丁語 praemonitiōnem (“预先警告”)，praemonitiō的变格形式，源自拉丁語 praemonitus，praemoneō的过去分词，源自prae (“预先”)（即英語 pre-）+ moneō (“警告”)（其衍生出英語 monitor）。
对比日耳曼语系的forewarning。

forms:
præmonition (archaic alternative)
premonitions (plural)

ipa: /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/

ipa: /ˌprɛ-/

enpr: prĕm'ə-, prē'mə-nĭshʹən

rhymes: -ɪʃən

vision

sense: 预知，预见未来

bad feeling

sense: （尤指不祥的）预感


ordain

etymology_texts: 源自中古英語 ordeynen，源自古法語 ordiner，源自拉丁語 ordinare (“命令”)，源自ordo (“命令”)。英語 ordinate 的同源對似詞。

text: On once more we swung, bumping uneasily along in the antique narrow-gauge coach, with gloomy woods and gathering night outside, shouts and songs (and quacks) inside—this was not at all the sort of train ordained by the logical strategists in Paris—then grinding to a stop at a mysterious halt which was no more than a nameboard in the pinewoods, without even a footpath leading to it, but nevertheless with a solitary passenger stolidly waiting.

ref: 1961 November, H. G. Ellison and P. G. Barlow, “Journey through France: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 668:

glosses: 授予...圣职（如祭司、主教等）

forms:
ordains (third-person singular present)
ordaining (present participle)
ordained (past participle)

ipa: /ɔɹˈdeɪn/

ipa: /ɔːˈdeɪn/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ordain.wav

rhymes: -eɪn

parts: or dain


oliva

etymology_texts: 繼承自拉丁語 olīva。

glosses: 油橄榄，油橄榄树，一种猫头鹰，和平

forms: olivas (plural)

ipa: /oˈliba/

rhymes: -iba


prolongate

forms:
prolongates (third-person singular present)
prolongating (present participle)
prolongated (past participle)


prolongate

glosses: prōlongō 的第二人稱複數現在時主動態命令式

forms: prōlongāte (canonical)


poach

forms:
poaches (third-person singular present)
poaching (present participle)
poached (past participle)

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-poach.wav

rhymes: -əʊtʃ


octuple

glosses: 將…乘以八，將…增加八倍

forms:
octuples (third-person singular present)
octupling (present participle)
octupled (past participle)

rhymes: -uːpəl


octuple

glosses: octupler 的第一人稱單數現在時直陳式

glosses: octupler 的第三人稱單數現在時直陳式

glosses: octupler 的第一人稱單數現在時虛擬式

glosses: octupler 的第三人稱單數現在時虛擬式

glosses: octupler 的第二人稱單數命令式


ordinal

glosses:
adj. 顺序的==葡萄牙語==
次序的


olla

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 ōlla、aulla；與梵語 उखा (ukhā，“鍋”)同源，且可能與哥特語 𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌽𐍃 (auhns，“烤爐”)同源。

glosses: 西班牙與西班牙語國家使用的陶鍋或陶罐。

glosses: 拉丁美洲利用蒸發原理來冷卻水的罐子。

glosses: 未上釉的陶罐，埋入地下以提供緩慢穩定的灌溉。

text: An olla (which literally means “pot”) is a round, unglazed terra cotta clay pot with a long neck that you fill with water and bury next to your plants. It irrigates in the ground.

translation: olla（字面意思是「罐子」）是一種圓形、未上釉的長頸赤陶罐，將其裝滿水並埋在植物旁邊，能在地下進行灌溉。

ref: 2019年 3月1日，Mary Kathryn Dunston，「Archived copy」，收錄於 Farmer's Almanac，原始內容存檔自 原始內容，存檔時間 2020年9月26日：

forms: ollas (plural)

ipa: /ˈɒlə/

ipa: /ˈɔjə/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-olla.wav

rhymes: -ɒlə


olla

etymology_texts: 源自拉丁語 ōlla (“煮鍋”)。

ipa: /ˈoʎa/

rhymes: -oʎa


olla

etymology_texts: 繼承自拉丁語 ōlla。

forms: olles (plural)

audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-olla.wav

gorg

sense: (河道中的) 水池


olla

etymology_texts: 繼承自西班牙語 olla (“鍋”)。

parts: o lla


olla

etymology_texts:
大多數形式源自繼承自原始芬蘭語 *oldak（對照愛沙尼亞語 olema），源自繼承自原始烏拉爾語 *wole- / *ole-（對照莫克沙語 улемс (uľems)、東馬里語 улаш (ulaš)、烏得穆爾特語 вань (vań)、北漢特語 вөԓты (wôḷty)、匈牙利語 van、volt，且可能與凍原涅涅茨語 ӈэсь (ŋesʹ°)同源）；詳見原始烏拉爾語條目。形式 on 和 ovat 為不規則，其同源詞見於整個芬蘭語支，包括 卡累利阿語 on、立窩尼亞語 um、維普斯語 om、沃特語 on、佛羅語 om/um 及 ommaq/ummaq。on 源自早期的 *om，大概源自更早的 *oma；而 ovat 最初則源自此形式加上複數後綴 -t，後來才被重新分析為包含標準第三人稱複數詞尾 -vat。*wole- / *ole- 可能進一步是源自單音節詞根 *wo- / *o- 的反覆動詞，該詞根也出現在另一個派生詞中：oma (“自己的”)。 然而，另一種說法是，第三人稱形式中不規則地丟失了 -l-，因為這是一個非常常用的虛詞。
可能式（potential）形式（lie-）源自繼承自原始芬蘭語 *leedäk（對照卡累利阿語 lienöy、立窩尼亞語 līdõ、維普斯語 lindä），源自*le- (“成為”)（對照北薩米語 leat、埃爾齊亞語 левкс (ľevks)、東馬里語 лияш (ĺijaš)、茲梁科米語 лоны (lony)、匈牙利語 lenni/lesz），大概源自早期的原始烏拉爾語 *lewɜ-。

glosses: 是（表示主語和動詞的補語為同一事物，或補語描述主語）

text: Olen onnellinen.

translation: 我很快樂。

text: Mä olen lääkäri.

translation: 我是醫生。

text: Olen kamalassa kunnossa.

translation: 我狀況糟透了。

text: Peitto on puuvillaa.

translation: 毯子是棉製的。

text: Kilometri on tuhat metriä.

translation: 一公里是一千公尺。

text: Täällä on hyvä olla.

translation: 在這兒（待著）很舒服。

text: Kenen kirja tämä on?

translation: 這是誰的書？

text: Tämä kirje on sinulle.

translation: 這封信是給你的。

glosses: 在（佔據某個地方，或抽象地指某個動作處於某狀態）

text: olla kalassa

translation: 在釣魚

text: Minä olen kotona.

translation: 我在家。

text: Tuo on maanpetos.

translation: 那構成了叛國罪。

text: Minulla on kissa.

translation: 我有一隻貓。

text: Minulla on ollut kissa.

translation: 我曾經有過一隻貓。

text: Minulla ei ole kissaa.

translation: 我沒有貓。

glosses: 有，具備（作為特徵或能力，而非單純的擁有；幾乎總是針對無生命的主語）

text: Tässä autossa on kaikki lisävarusteet.

translation: 這輛車有所有配件。

text: Minulla on nälkä. / Minun on nälkä.

translation: 我感覺到餓了。

literal_meaning: 我有飢餓感。

text: Pöydällä on kissa.

translation: 桌子上有貓。

text: Pöydällä ei ole kissaa.

translation: 桌子上沒有貓。

text: Pöydällä on kissoja.

translation: 桌子上有（幾隻）貓。

text: Pöydällä ei ole kissoja.

text: Lattialla on rahaa.

translation: 地板上有（一些）錢。

glosses:
有，存在
olla olemassa (“存在”)之同義詞

text: Pöydällä on kissa.

text: Pöydällä ei ole kissaa.

text: Pöydällä on kissoja.

text: Pöydällä ei ole kissoja.

text: Lattialla on rahaa.

text: Ei rakkautta ole.

translation: 愛不存在。

glosses: 表現，裝作（好像……）(後接主動現在分詞的複數樣格形式並帶有物主後綴，或者是長第一不定式（常與某些動詞連用），或由 (ikään,) kuin 引導的要求條件語氣的從句)

text: Hän oli (ikään), kuin ei olisi huomannut mitään.

translation: 他裝作什麼都沒發現的樣子。

text: Hän ei ollut huomaavinaan mitään.

translation: 他表現得好像什麼都沒注意到一樣。

text: Hän ei ollut tietääkseen asiasta.

translation: 他表現得好像對這件事一無所知。

glosses: 已經（與過去分詞連用以構成現在完成時和過去完成時）

text: Olen jo syönyt tänään.

translation: 我今天已經吃過了。

text: Olemme jo syöneet tänään.

translation: 我們今天已經吃過了。

text: Olin jo syönyt.

translation: 我已經吃過了。

text: Olimme jo syöneet.

translation: 我們已經吃過了。

text: Aamiainen oli jo syöty.

translation: 早餐已經吃過了。

glosses: 與現在分詞連用以構成現在和過去的預期時態（prospective tense）。

glosses: 必須，得；被迫[接 主格 of 現在時 被動態 分詞 「做」]

text: Minun on nyt mentävä.

translation: 我現在得走了。

text: Minun on palautettava kirja kirjastoon perjantaihin mennessä.

translation: 我必須在星期五之前把書還給圖書館。

text: Kirja on palautettava kirjastoon perjantaihin mennessä.

translation: 這本書必須在星期五之前還給圖書館。

text: Onko sinut hiljennettävä pakolla?

translation: 我必須強迫你閉嘴嗎？

literal_meaning: 你必須被強迫安靜下來嗎？

glosses: 導致，帶來（用於無生命的抽象賓語）[接 部分格]

text: Siitä ei ole (mitään) hyötyä.

translation: 那不會有（任何）好處。 / 那沒有意義。 / 那於事無補。

literal_meaning: 從中產生不了（任何）利益。

text: Sinusta ei ole apua.

translation: 你幫不上忙。

glosses: 適合，能勝任，天生適合[接 入格或(成為) 轉移格或(與動詞連用) inf3 ill]

text: Ei hänestä ole johtajaksi.

translation: 他/她不適合當領導者。

text: Minusta ei ole siihen.

translation: 我做不到。 / 我不適合做那個。

text: Kenestä olisi korvaamaan hänet?

translation: 誰能代替他/她？

glosses: （乖乖地）表現（例如指小孩）

text:
Sä ja mä ollaan halihippaa,
yks ja kaks, toinen meistä karkaa...

translation:
你和我來玩擁抱鬼抓人，
一和二，我們其中一個逃跑……

omistaa

sense: 有；擁有

leikkiä

sense: 玩（兒童遊戲）

notes: (有)： 在這個語義中，動詞 olla 始終為第三人稱單數形式，而擁有者由接格表示。從語法上講，被擁有的事物是句子的主語補語：minulla on... ― 我有……、sinulla on... ― 你有……、hänellä on... ― 他/她有…… meillä on... ― 我們有……、teillä on... ― 你們有……、heillä on... ― 他們有…… sillä on... ― 它有…… Lassilla on... ― 拉西有…… kaupungin terveyslautakunnalla on... ― 市衛生局有…… 同樣的規則適用於所有時態、不定式和分詞（在合理的情況下），例如：minulla ei olisi ollut... ― 我（那時）不會有…… minulla rupeaa olemaan... ― 我開始有了……

notes: 「存在」的含義很少在沒有狀語（例如描述位置的狀語）的情況下使用；在這種情況下，更常用的是 olla olemassa。

notes:
在要求別人提醒某事的問句中，即使是正在進行的動作，olla 也經常使用過去時（與英語類似）：Kuka hän olikaan?
她（剛才說）是誰來著？

notes: 關於使用 olla 的不定式和分詞結構，參見附錄:芬蘭語動詞形式 § 不定式與附錄:芬蘭語分詞 § 分詞結構。

notes: 現在完成時和過去完成時使用 olla 作為助動詞；主要動詞變位為過去主動或被動分詞（的主格），取決於使用的是主動語態還是被動語態。在主動語態中，當人稱為複數時，分詞形式屈折為複數。在其他情況下，使用單數形式。在第二人稱單數敬語中，助動詞 olla 為第二人稱複數形式（olette 等），而分詞為單數，例如第二人稱單數敬語為 olette tehnyt，第二人稱複數為 olette tehneet。 人稱和語氣標記在助動詞 olla 上。 被動語態嚴格來說僅標記在主要動詞上，而不標記在助動詞 olla 上。在口語芬蘭語中，被動語態也經常標記在助動詞上；這就是所謂的kaksoispassiivi (“雙重被動”)，在標準芬蘭語中被認為是不符合語法的。


olla

glosses:
ollar 的屈折：
第三人稱單數現在時直陳式

glosses:
ollar 的屈折：
第二人稱單數命令式


olla

glosses: 玩滑板時做豚跳（ollie）動作

forms:
ollaði
ollað (supine)

ipa: /ˈɔlːa/

rhymes: -ɔlːa


olla

etymology_texts: 大多數以 o- 開頭的形式源自繼承自原始芬蘭語 *oldak。

etymology_texts: 以 l- 開頭的形式源自繼承自原始芬蘭語 *leedäk。

etymology_texts:
異幹詞：
和芬蘭語 olla（可能式為 lienen）和愛沙尼亞語 olla 同源。

text: Miä oon laps.

translation: 我是個孩子。

text: Ivo ono Levon veli.

translation: 伊沃是列沃的兄弟。

ref: 1936，N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus，Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart，Leningrad：Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva，20頁：

text: Mittaisivat mitälee plaanua mööt, reknaisiit ja sanoivat, etti linnaa saa ono neljä kilometraa i yli tunnin, melkeen, möö leenemmä kois.

translation: 他們沿著地圖測量了一些東西，算了一下然後說，到城市有四公里，大約一個多小時後，我們就會到家了。

ref: 1936，L. G. Terehova，V. G. Erdeli，由 Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov，Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa) [地理學：英格里亞語初等學校三年級教科書（第一部分）]，Leningrad：Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva，第6頁：

text: Ihmiin on ruumeest ja hengest.

translation: 人由身體和靈魂組成。

text: Pintamaanalus voip olla erilaisist maaporodist: savest, liivast, kalkist ja muist.

translation: 底土可由不同的土壤類型組成：黏土、沙子、石灰石等。

ref: 1937，V. A. Tetjurev，由 N. I. Molotsova，Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart，Leningrad：Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva，第6頁：

text: Miul ono vene.

translation: 我有一艘船。

text: Simal ono suma. Siso ompeli suman.

translation: 西瑪有一個包包。西索縫了這個包。

ref: 1936，N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus，Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart，Leningrad：Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva，22頁：

text: Mikä aika vootta teil ono?

translation: 你幾歲了？

ref: 1936，D. I. Efimov，Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa)，Leningrad：Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva：

glosses: 用於構成動詞的完成時；已經

text: Miä kenenkää en oo tappant!

translation: 我沒有殺過任何人！

forms: olna (obsolete alternative)

notes: 動詞 olla 與其他動詞不同，它使用可能語氣來表示將來時：Hoomeen miä leenen kois. ― 明天我會在家。 Konslee miul leenöö koti. ― 總有一天，我會有一棟房子。


olla

glosses: olann (“羊毛”) 的屬格單數

ipa: /ˈol̪ˠə/

ipa: /ˈɞl̪ˠə/


olla

etymology_texts: 繼承自拉丁語 ōlla。

forms: olle (plural)

rhymes: -ɔlla