działanie

text: Wynydze czlowyek na dzyalo swe a kv dzyalanyv swemu az do weczora (exibit homo ad opus suum et ad operationem suam usque ad vesperum)

ref: 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), numbers 103, 24, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

text: Et dzalanye consumacio in bona intencione

ref: 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, page 157:

links: work work

links: do do

raw_glosses: (attested in Lesser Poland) verbal noun of działać (“to work, to do”)

qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland

działać

extra: to work, to do

text: Offyerowaly... pyrwe vrodi panu ku dzyelanyu dzyala stanu szwyadeczstwa (ad faciendum opus tabernaculi testimonii)

ref: 1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 35, 21:

links: make make

działać

extra: to make

zlw-opl-noun

expansion: działanie n

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀlan
Proto-Slavic *dělo
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Proto-Slavic *dělati
Old Polish działać
Proto-Indo-European *-nisder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder.
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is
Proto-Slavic *-ь
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas
Proto-Slavic *-jь
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Old Polish działanie
From działać + -anie. First attested in the second half of the 14th century.

ety

zlw-opl

działać

-anie

etydate: second half of the 14th century

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀlan
Proto-Slavic *dělo
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Proto-Slavic *dělati
Old Polish działać
Proto-Indo-European *-nisder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder.
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is
Proto-Slavic *-ь
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas
Proto-Slavic *-jь
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Old Polish działanie
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "do", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰeh₁-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*dḗˀlan", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*dělo", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ā́ˀtei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*dělati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "działać", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "action nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nis", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nis", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nь", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nom", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ь", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "id" : "nom", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьje", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nьje", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-anie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "działanie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="działanie">
From działać + -anie. First attested in the second half of the 14th century.

note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE

ipa: /d͡ʑʲaɫaɲɛː/

note: 15ᵗʰ CE

ipa: /d͡ʑʲaɫaɲe/

forms: dziełanie (alternative)


działanie

links: action action

links: operation operation

raw_glosses: (countable, chiefly in the plural) action; operation (set of actions done towards achieving a goal)

links: algebra algebra

raw_glosses: (countable, algebra) operation (method of producing values from operands)

raw_glosses: (countable, algebra) action (homomorphism from a group to a group of automorphisms)

pos: noun

pl-noun

n

forms:
działanie (nominative singular)
działania (nominative plural)
działania (genitive singular)
działań (genitive plural)
działaniu (dative singular)
działaniom (dative plural)
działanie (accusative singular)
działania (accusative plural)
działaniem (instrumental singular)
działaniami (instrumental plural)
działaniu (locative singular)
działaniach (locative plural)
działanie (singular vocative)
działania (plural vocative)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀlan
Proto-Slavic *dělo
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Proto-Slavic *dělati
Old Polish działać
Proto-Indo-European *-nisder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder.
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is
Proto-Slavic *-ь
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas
Proto-Slavic *-jь
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Old Polish działanie
Polish działanie
Inherited from Old Polish działanie. By surface analysis, działać + -anie.

pl

:inh

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀlan
Proto-Slavic *dělo
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Proto-Slavic *dělati
Old Polish działać
Proto-Indo-European *-nisder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder.
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is
Proto-Slavic *-ь
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas
Proto-Slavic *-jь
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Old Polish działanie
Polish działanie
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "do", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰeh₁-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*dḗˀlan", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*dělo", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ā́ˀtei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*dělati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "działać", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "action nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nis", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nis", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nь", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nom", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ь", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "id" : "nom", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьje", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nьje", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-anie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "działanie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "działanie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="działanie">
Inherited from Old Polish działanie.

surf

działać

-anie

expansion: By surface analysis, działać + -anie

rhymes: -aɲɛ


działanie

links: działać działać#Polish

pl-decl-noun-n

tantum: s

forms:
działanie (nominative singular)
działania (genitive singular)
działaniu (dative singular)
działanie (accusative singular)
działaniem (instrumental singular)
działaniu (locative singular)
działanie (singular vocative)


działanie

links: działać działać#Silesian

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀlan
Proto-Slavic *dělo
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Proto-Slavic *dělati
Old Polish działać
Proto-Indo-European *-nisder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder.
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is
Proto-Slavic *-ь
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas
Proto-Slavic *-jь
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Old Polish działanie
Silesian działanie
Inherited from Old Polish działanie. By surface analysis, działać + -anie.

ety

szl

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀlan
Proto-Slavic *dělo
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ati
Proto-Slavic *dělati
Old Polish działać
Proto-Indo-European *-nisder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nisder.
Proto-Slavic *-nь
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is
Proto-Slavic *-ь
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas
Proto-Slavic *-jь
Proto-Slavic *-ьje
Proto-Slavic *-nьje
Old Polish -anie
Old Polish działanie
Silesian działanie
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "do", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰeh₁-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*dḗˀlan", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*dělo", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ā́ˀtei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*dělati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "działać", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "action nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nis", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nis", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nь", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nom", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-is", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ь", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "id" : "nom", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-jь", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьje", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-nьje", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-anie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "działanie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Silesian", "term" : "działanie", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "szl" }" data-lang="szl" data-title="działanie">
Inherited from Old Polish działanie.


istnieć

links: exist exist

raw_glosses: (intransitive) to exist (to be a part of the world)

raw_glosses: (intransitive) to exist (to play an important role in some activity or domain; to influence or have an effect)

pos: verb

pl-verb

impf

expansion: istnieć impf

forms:
istnieć (infinitive)
istnieję (present singular)
istniejemy (plural present)
istniejesz (present singular)
istniejecie (plural present)
istnieje (present singular third-person)
istnieją (plural present third-person)
istnieje się (impersonal present)
istniałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m istniał (masculine past singular)
istniałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m istniała (feminine past singular)
istniałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m istniało (neuter past singular)
istnieliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy istnieli (past plural virile)
istniałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy istniały (nonvirile past plural)
istniałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś istniał (masculine past singular)
istniałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś istniała (feminine past singular)
istniałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś istniało (neuter past singular)
istnieliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście istnieli (past plural virile)
istniałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście istniały (nonvirile past plural)
istniał (masculine past singular third-person)
istniała (feminine past singular third-person)
istniało (neuter past singular third-person)
istnieli (past plural third-person virile)
istniały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
istniano (impersonal past)
będę istniał (future masculine singular)
będę istnieć (future masculine singular)
będę istniała (feminine future singular)
będę istnieć (feminine future singular)
będę istniało (future neuter singular)
będę istnieć (future neuter singular)
będziemy istnieli (future plural virile)
będziemy istnieć (future plural virile)
będziemy istniały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy istnieć (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz istniał (future masculine singular)
będziesz istnieć (future masculine singular)
będziesz istniała (feminine future singular)
będziesz istnieć (feminine future singular)
będziesz istniało (future neuter singular)
będziesz istnieć (future neuter singular)
będziecie istnieli (future plural virile)
będziecie istnieć (future plural virile)
będziecie istniały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie istnieć (future nonvirile plural)
będzie istniał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie istnieć (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie istniała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie istnieć (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie istniało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie istnieć (future neuter singular third-person)
będą istnieli (future plural third-person virile)
będą istnieć (future plural third-person virile)
będą istniały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą istnieć (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie istnieć się (future impersonal)
istniałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym istniał (conditional masculine singular)
istniałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym istniała (conditional feminine singular)
istniałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym istniało (conditional neuter singular)
istnielibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy istnieli (conditional plural virile)
istniałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy istniały (conditional nonvirile plural)
istniałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś istniał (conditional masculine singular)
istniałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś istniała (conditional feminine singular)
istniałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś istniało (conditional neuter singular)
istnielibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście istnieli (conditional plural virile)
istniałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście istniały (conditional nonvirile plural)
istniałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by istniał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
istniałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by istniała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
istniałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by istniało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
istnieliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by istnieli (conditional plural third-person virile)
istniałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by istniały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
istniano by (conditional impersonal)
niech istnieję (imperative singular)
istniejmy (imperative plural)
istniej (imperative singular)
istniejcie (imperative plural)
niech istnieje (imperative singular third-person)
niech istnieją (imperative plural third-person)
istniejący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
istniejąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
istniejące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
istniejący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
istniejące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
istniejąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
istnienie (noun-from-verb)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀstas
Proto-Slavic *jistъ
Old Polish isty
Polish isty
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas
Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ
Old Polish -ny
Polish -ny
Polish istny
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ḗˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ěti
Polish -eć
Polish istnieć
From istny + -eć modelled on other intransitive verbs ending in -eć such as ładnieć or gęstnieć with an unexpected shift in meaning, as the expected meaning would be "to become real" not "to be real". First attested in the 19th century. Displaced istnąć.

:af

istny

-eć<ref:Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “istny”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN>

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀstas
Proto-Slavic *jistъ
Old Polish isty
Polish isty
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas
Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ
Old Polish -ny
Polish -ny
Polish istny
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ḗˀtei
Proto-Slavic *-ěti
Polish -eć
Polish istnieć
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*jьstъ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "isty", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "isty", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-inas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьnъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ny", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-ny", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "istny", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₁ti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ḗˀtei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ěti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-eć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "istnieć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="istnieć">
From istny + -eć

etydate

19th century

expansion: First attested in the 19th century

glossary

Displaced

expansion: Displaced

displaced

istnąć

expansion: Displaced istnąć

rhymes: -istɲɛt͡ɕ


vaistas

links: medicine medicine

links: medication medication

links: drug drug

head

lt

nouns

head: váistas

g: m

plural

váistai

expansion: váistas m (plural váistai)

lt-noun

m

váistai

expansion: váistas m (plural váistai) stress pattern 1

head

head: vai̇̃stas

vai̇̃stai

expansion: vai̇̃stas m (plural vai̇̃stai)

lt-noun

vai̇̃stai

expansion: vai̇̃stas m (plural vai̇̃stai) stress pattern 4

forms:
váistas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-1)
vai̇̃stas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-4)
váistai (plural)
vai̇̃stai (plural)
váistas (nominative singular)
váistai (nominative plural)
váisto (genitive singular)
váistų (genitive plural)
váistui (dative singular)
váistams (dative plural)
váistą (accusative singular)
váistus (accusative plural)
váistu (instrumental singular)
váistais (instrumental plural)
váiste (locative singular)
váistuose (locative plural)
váiste (singular vocative)
váistai (plural vocative)
vai̇̃stas (nominative singular)
vaistai̇̃ (nominative plural)
vai̇̃sto (genitive singular)
vaistų̃ (genitive plural)
vai̇̃stui (dative singular)
vaistáms (dative plural)
vai̇̃stą (accusative singular)
vaistùs (accusative plural)
vaistù (instrumental singular)
vaistai̇̃s (instrumental plural)
vaistè (locative singular)
vaistuosè (locative plural)
vai̇̃ste (singular vocative)
vaistai̇̃ (plural vocative)

lt-decl-noun

váistas

váisto

váistų

váistui

váistams

váistą

váistus

váistu

váistais

váiste

váistuose

váiste

váistai

vai̇̃stas

vaistaĩ

vai̇̃sto

vaistų̃

vai̇̃stui

vaistáms

vai̇̃stą

vaistùs

vaistù

vaistaĩs

vaistè

vaistuosè

vai̇̃ste

vaistaĩ

etymology_text: From an earlier *vaid-tas, interpreted as "knowledge (regarding diseases and how to treat them)", from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know, see”). Cognate with Old Prussian waist (“to know”).

der

ine-pro

*weyd-

t: to know, see

cog

prg

waist

t: to know

expansion: Old Prussian waist (“to know”)

ipa: [ˈʋaːjstɐs]


natomiast

text: Near-synonyms: ale, tymczasem, za to, zaś

links: meanwhile meanwhile

links: whereas whereas

links: while while

links: instead instead

pos: particle

head

particle

expansion: natomiast

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō
Proto-Slavic *na
Old Polish na
Polish na
Proto-Indo-European *só
Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas
Proto-Slavic *tъ
Proto-Slavic *to
Old Polish to
Polish to
Proto-Indo-European *mey-?
Proto-Indo-European *moyth₂-
Proto-Slavic *-to
Proto-Slavic *mě̀sto
Old Polish miasto
Polish miasto
univ.
Polish natomiast
Univerbation of na (“on”) + to (“this”) + miasto (“place”). First attested in 1645–1702. Compare Ukrainian нато́мість (natómistʹ).

ety

:univ

miasto<t:place><id:city><ref:Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “natomiast”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)>

etydate: r,1645,1702<ref:Materiały źródłowe do dziejów kultury i sztuki XVI-XVIII w. (in Polish), 1983 [1645-1702], Inwentarz akcesyjny kaplicy Domagaliczów we Lwowie z lat 1645-1702, page 350: “[…] ale zachować natomiast, […]”>

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nō
Proto-Slavic *na
Old Polish na
Polish na
Proto-Indo-European *só
Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas
Proto-Slavic *tъ
Proto-Slavic *to
Old Polish to
Polish to
Proto-Indo-European *mey-?
Proto-Indo-European *moyth₂-
Proto-Slavic *-to
Proto-Slavic *mě̀sto
Old Polish miasto
Polish miasto
univ.
Polish natomiast
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "on", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂en-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*nō", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*na", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "na", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "na", "gloss" : "on", "lang" : "pl" }, { "gloss" : "this", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "this", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "that", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "this", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*só", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*tas", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*tъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*to", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "to", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "to", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "id" : "city", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "city", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*moyth₂-", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "change", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*mey-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*meyth₂-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-to", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*mě̀sto", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "miasto", "gloss" : "city", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "miasto", "gloss" : "place", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Univerbation of", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "univerbation" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "natomiast", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="natomiast">
Univerbation of na (“on”) + to (“this”) + miasto (“place”). First attested in 1645–1702.

uk

нато́мість

expansion: Ukrainian нато́мість (natómistʹ)

rhymes: -ɔmjast


związek

text: Daly gemu... dwa swyøski (duas ligaturas) suszonego wyna

ref: 1930 [c. 1455], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 30, 12:

type: quotation

links: bunch bunch

links: bundle bundle

links: cluster cluster

links: sheaf sheaf

text: Zwyazek volvmen (tolle volumen libri et scribes in eo omnia verba Jer 36, 2)

ref: 1977-1980 [c. 1470], urowska-Górowska Wanda, Kyas Vladimir, editors, Mamotrekty staropolskie, Lubin, page 214:

links: scroll scroll

qualifier: attested in Greater Poland

text: Szwyąsky colligaciones (dissolve colligationes impietatis Is 58, 6, SKJ I 310: szwąszanye nyemylosczy)

ref: 1977-1980 [c. 1470], urowska-Górowska Wanda, Kyas Vladimir, editors, Mamotrekty staropolskie, Lubin, page 203:

links: bind bind

raw_glosses: (attested in Greater Poland) bind (that which prohibits or inhibits)

zlw-opl-noun

m-an!

expansion: związek m animacy unattested

forms: związek m animacy unattested (canonical)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Balto-Slavic *su-
Proto-Slavic *sъ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ-der.
Proto-Slavic *vęzati
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzati
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzъkъ
Old Polish związek
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъvęzъkъ. First attested in the fifteenth century. By surface analysis, zwięzać + -ek.

etydate: fifteenth century

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Balto-Slavic *su-
Proto-Slavic *sъ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ-der.
Proto-Slavic *vęzati
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzati
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzъkъ
Old Polish związek
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*su-", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъ-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂enǵʰ-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*vęzati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъvęzati", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъkъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъvęzъkъ", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "związek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="związek">
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъvęzъkъ. First attested in the fifteenth century.

surf

zwięzać

-ek

expansion: By surface analysis, zwięzać + -ek

ipa: /zvʲɑ̃zɛk/


związek

+obj

:między(ins)<between what/whom>

:z(ins)<with what/whom>

gen<of what/whom>

words: między (+ instrumental) ‘between what/whom’; with genitive ‘of what/whom’

links: connection connection

links: relation relation

links: relationship relationship

raw_glosses: connection, relation, relationship (relationship existing between two things) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what/whom’; or with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what/whom’; or with genitive ‘of what/whom’]

:z(ins)<with what/whom>

words: z (+ instrumental) ‘with what/whom’

links: bond bond

raw_glosses: connection, bond relation, relationship (contact between two things between connectedness or communication may be established) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what/whom’]

raw_glosses: bond, relation, relationship (that which connects two things) [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between what/whom’; or with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what/whom’]

raw_glosses: relationship (romantic connection between two people) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with what/whom’]

text: związek zawodowy

translation: labor union

english: labor union

type: example

text: Związek Radziecki

translation: Soviet Union

english: Soviet Union

links: union union

links: association association

glosses: union, association (institution whose aim is to realize common goals of its members)

links: chemistry chemistry

links: compound compound

raw_glosses: (chemistry) compound (substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight)

links: point point

links: meaning meaning

links: sense sense

links: logic logic

raw_glosses: (archaic, except in set phrases) point, meaning, sense; logic

qualifier: except in set phrases

raw_glosses: (obsolete) bond (that which physically connects things)

raw_glosses: (obsolete) bind (that which prohibits or inhibits)

raw_glosses: (obsolete) bunch, bundle, cluster, sheaf

links: chain chain

links: belt belt

raw_glosses: (obsolete) chain, belt (line of similar objects)

links: anatomy anatomy

links: ligament ligament

pl-noun

m-in

expansion: związek m inan

pl-decl-noun-m-in

związ

k

u

związek

forms:
związek (nominative singular)
związki (nominative plural)
związku (genitive singular)
związków (genitive plural)
związkowi (dative singular)
związkom (dative plural)
związek (accusative singular)
związki (accusative plural)
związkiem (instrumental singular)
związkami (instrumental plural)
związku (locative singular)
związkach (locative plural)
związku (singular vocative)
związki (plural vocative)

w związku z

sense: preposition

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Balto-Slavic *su-
Proto-Slavic *sъ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ-der.
Proto-Slavic *vęzati
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzati
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzъkъ
Old Polish związek
Polish związek
Inherited from Old Polish związek. By surface analysis, związać + -ek.

ety

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Balto-Slavic *su-
Proto-Slavic *sъ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ-der.
Proto-Slavic *vęzati
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzati
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Proto-Slavic *sъvęzъkъ
Old Polish związek
Polish związek
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*su-", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъ-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂enǵʰ-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*vęzati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъvęzati", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъkъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъvęzъkъ", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "związek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "związek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="związek">
Inherited from Old Polish związek.

związać

expansion: By surface analysis, związać + -ek

rhymes: -ɔw̃zɛk


lovituri de stat

links:
lovitură de stat
lovitură de stat#Romanian

head

ro

noun form

head: lovituri de stat

g: f-p

expansion: lovituri de stat f pl


uwaga

links: attention attention

raw_glosses: (uncountable) attention (concentration on something)

raw_glosses: (uncountable) attention (ability to concentrate)

links: remark remark

raw_glosses: (countable) remark (expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; a mention of something; observation, comment, or statement)

raw_glosses: (countable) remark (note entered in a student's notebook by a teacher)

links: cause cause

links: caution caution

links: prudence prudence

pl-noun

f

expansion: uwaga f

forms:
uwaga (nominative singular)
uwagi (nominative plural)
uwagi (genitive singular)
uwag (genitive plural)
uwadze (dative singular)
uwagom (dative plural)
uwagę (accusative singular)
uwagi (accusative plural)
uwagą (instrumental singular)
uwagami (instrumental plural)
uwadze (locative singular)
uwagach (locative plural)
uwago (singular vocative)
uwagi (plural vocative)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew
Proto-Balto-Slavic *au
Proto-Slavic *u
Proto-Slavic *u-
Old Polish u-
Polish u-
Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti
Proto-Germanic *weganą
Proto-Germanic *wēgō
Proto-West Germanic *wāgu
Old High German waga
Middle High German wāgebor.
Old Polish waga
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Old Polish -yć
Old Polish ważyć
Polish ważyć
Polish uważyćdeverb.
Polish uwaga
Deverbal from uważyć. First attested in 1656–1688. Compare Kashubian ùwôga and Silesian uwŏga.

ety

:deverbal

uważyć

etydate: r,1656,1688<ref:“UWAGA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.05.2010>

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew
Proto-Balto-Slavic *au
Proto-Slavic *u
Proto-Slavic *u-
Old Polish u-
Polish u-
Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti
Proto-Germanic *weganą
Proto-Germanic *wēgō
Proto-West Germanic *wāgu
Old High German waga
Middle High German wāgebor.
Old Polish waga
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Old Polish -yć
Old Polish ważyć
Polish ważyć
Polish uważyćdeverb.
Polish uwaga
[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "prefix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "away", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "away", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "away from", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂ew", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*au", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*u", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*u-", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "u-", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "u-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "weight", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "weight", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "move", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "transporting", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "bring", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*weǵʰ-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*wéǵʰeti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*weganą", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*wēgō", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*wāgu", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old High German", "term" : "waga", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "goh" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle High German", "term" : "wāge", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "gmh" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "waga", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "causative suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yeti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éyeti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-éitei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-iti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ić", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-yć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "ważyć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "ważyć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "uważyć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword" : "deverbal" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "uwaga", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="uwaga">
Deverbal from uważyć. First attested in 1656–1688.

cog

csb

ùwôga

expansion: Kashubian ùwôga

uwŏga

expansion: Silesian uwŏga

rhymes: -aɡa


uwaga

links: warning warning

links:
watch out
watch out

glosses: attention!; warning!; caution! watch out!

pos: intj

head

pl

interjection

head: uwaga!

expansion: uwaga!

forms: uwaga! (canonical)


przypadek

text: Vendidit (sc. Zophia) partem suam totam aduocacie... cum omnibus prouentibus, censibus, obuencionibus, cessionibus al. z przypadky ac emolimentis

ref: 1856-1870 [1487], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume IX, number 973:

glosses: that what someone may be entitled to in addition to the inheritance share

zlw-opl-noun

expansion: przypadek m animacy unattested

forms: przypadek m animacy unattested (canonical)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *préy
Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei
Proto-Slavic *pri
Proto-Slavic *pri-
Old Polish przy-
Proto-Indo-European *ped-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pṓˀstei
Proto-Slavic *pàsti
Old Polish paść
Old Polish przypaść
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Old Polish -ek
Old Polish przypadek
From przypaść + -ek. First attested in 1487. Compare Old Czech případek.

ety

zlw-opl

:af

-ek

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *préy
Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei
Proto-Slavic *pri
Proto-Slavic *pri-
Old Polish przy-
Proto-Indo-European *ped-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pṓˀstei
Proto-Slavic *pàsti
Old Polish paść
Old Polish przypaść
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Old Polish -ek
Old Polish przypadek
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*prei", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pri", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pri-", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "przy-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "id" : "to fall", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to fall", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ped-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*pṓˀstei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pàsti", "gloss" : "to fall", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "paść", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "przypaść", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъkъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "przypadek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="przypadek">
From przypaść + -ek. First attested in 1487.

cog

zlw-ocs

případek

expansion: Old Czech případek

ipa: /pr̝ipaːdɛk/

ipa: /pr̝ipɒdɛk/


przypadek

links: chance chance

links: accident accident

links: coincidence coincidence

glosses: chance, accident; coincidence (situation which occurred that could not have been predicted)

text: w takim przypadku

translation: in that case

english: in that case

links: event event

links: instance instance

links: case case

glosses: event, instance, case (something that happened)

links: medicine medicine

raw_glosses: (medicine) case (instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms)

raw_glosses: (medicine) case (person representing said condition or set of symptoms)

links: adventure adventure

links: fact fact

raw_glosses: (obsolete, chiefly in the plural) facts; events (that which occurred in someone's life)

links: characteristic characteristic

raw_glosses: (Middle Polish) characteristic (that which defines a person's features or behaviors)

links: shift shift

raw_glosses: (Middle Polish) shift (established order of performing duties)

links: fate fate

links: asset asset

links: income income

raw_glosses: (Middle Polish) assets, income (that which belongs to someone)

links: tribute tribute

links: tax tax

links: will will

links: regulation regulation

links: commandment commandment

raw_glosses: (Middle Polish) will; regulations, commandments (that what someone wants)

links: property property

raw_glosses: (Middle Polish) property (that which belongs to or is located in a particular area)

links: addition addition

links: adjacency adjacency

raw_glosses: (Middle Polish, of land) addition, adjacency

pl-noun

abbr: przyp.

expansion: przypadek m inan (abbreviation przyp.)

forms:
przyp. (abbreviation)
przypadek (nominative singular)
przypadki (nominative plural)
przypadku (genitive singular)
przypadków (genitive plural)
przypadkowi (dative singular)
przypadkom (dative plural)
przypadek (accusative singular)
przypadki (accusative plural)
przypadkiem (instrumental singular)
przypadkami (instrumental plural)
przypadku (locative singular)
przypadkach (locative plural)
przypadku (singular vocative)
przypadki (plural vocative)

pl-decl-noun-m-in

gens: przypadku

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *préy
Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei
Proto-Slavic *pri
Proto-Slavic *pri-
Old Polish przy-
Proto-Indo-European *ped-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pṓˀstei
Proto-Slavic *pàsti
Old Polish paść
Old Polish przypaść
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Old Polish -ek
Old Polish przypadek
▲
Latin cāsussl.
Polish przypadek
Inherited from Old Polish przypadek. Noun 1 sense 2, noun 1 sense 3, noun 1 sense 4 and noun 2 sense 1 are semantic loans from Latin cāsus, which displaced spadek. By surface analysis, przypadać + -ek. Compare Czech případek, Kashubian przëpôdk, and Russian припа́док (pripádok). Further compare Hungarian eset and German Fall.

ety

:inh

:sl

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *préy
Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei
Proto-Slavic *pri
Proto-Slavic *pri-
Old Polish przy-
Proto-Indo-European *ped-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pṓˀstei
Proto-Slavic *pàsti
Old Polish paść
Old Polish przypaść
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ
Old Polish -ek
Old Polish przypadek
▲
Latin cāsussl.
Polish przypadek
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*prei", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pri", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pri-", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "przy-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "id" : "to fall", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to fall", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ped-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*pṓˀstei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pàsti", "gloss" : "to fall", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "paść", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "przypaść", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъkъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "przypadek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "sl.", "keyword_label" : "Semantic loan from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "cāsus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "semantic loan" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "przypadek", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="przypadek">

yesno

i

I

expansion: I

glossary

Inherited

expansion: Inherited

inh

zlw-opl

przypadek

expansion: Old Polish przypadek

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Old Polish przypadek

sl

la

cāsus

senseid: instance!!medicine!!person!!grammar

glossary

displaced

expansion: displaced

displaced

spadek

expansion: displaced spadek

surf

przypadać

expansion: By surface analysis, przypadać + -ek

cs

expansion: Czech případek

przëpôdk

expansion: Kashubian przëpôdk

ru

припа́док

expansion: Russian припа́док (pripádok)

ncog

hu

eset

expansion: Hungarian eset

de

Fall

expansion: German Fall

rhymes: -adɛk


przypadek

links: grammar grammar

links: case case

links:
grammatical case
grammatical case

pl-noun

expansion: przypadek m inan

forms:
przypadek (nominative singular)
przypadki (nominative plural)
przypadka (genitive singular)
przypadków (genitive plural)
przypadkowi (dative singular)
przypadkom (dative plural)
przypadek (accusative singular)
przypadki (accusative plural)
przypadkiem (instrumental singular)
przypadkami (instrumental plural)
przypadku (locative singular)
przypadkach (locative plural)
przypadku (singular vocative)
przypadki (plural vocative)

sl

expansion: Noun 1 sense 2, noun 1 sense 3, noun 1 sense 4 and noun 2 sense 1 are semantic loans from Latin cāsus


stanowić

text: Quod plura in sola sui oppolencia non veritate fundantur, gl. sed non vera existencia firmatur nye w bithnosczy *brawdziwej stan[y]owya szya

ref: 1874-1891 [MIddle of the fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 280:

links: set set

links: firmly firmly

text: Sicud ignis... restringit fluida, consollidat mollia..., sic spiritus sanctus per VII sua dona: ... fluida restringit, stanovi, per donum consilii

ref: 1874-1891 [Fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, Grochów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kcynia, page 70:

links: restrain restrain

raw_glosses: (attested in Pomerania, Greater Poland) to restrain

qualifier: attested in Pomerania; Greater Poland; attested in Pomerania; Greater Poland

text: Angelus apparuit ei confortans eum stanowøcz gi (Luc 22, 43)

ref: 1874-1891 [Fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, Grochów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kcynia, page 64:

links: strengthen strengthen

raw_glosses: (attested in Pomerania, Greater Poland) to strengthen

text: Stanowi superedificat (si quis autem superaedificat super fundamentum hoc, ... uniscuiusque opus manifestum erit I Cor 3, 12)

ref: 1885-2024 [c. 1400], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume IV, page 753:

links: build build

text: Iam meat occiduas titaneus axis ad oras, presepi, gl. ad presepe szlobowy, roseos sol stabulabat, gl. alligabat stanowylo, equuos

ref: 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 25:

links: stable stable

text: Tusmi syø stanowyly trsy dny (metati fuimus illic triduo)

ref: 1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 43:

links: be be

links: reside reside

links: position position

raw_glosses: (reflexive with się) to be, to reside, to take a position

zlw-opl-verb

impf

expansion: stanowić impf

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāˀnas
Proto-Slavic *stanъ
Proto-Indo-European *-usder.
Proto-Indo-European *-osder.
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Old Polish stanowić
From Proto-Slavic *stanъ + *-ovъ + Old Polish -ić. First attested in c. 1400. Compare sadowić.

ety

-ić

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāˀnas
Proto-Slavic *stanъ
Proto-Indo-European *-usder.
Proto-Indo-European *-osder.
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Old Polish stanowić
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*stanъ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "Caland system", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-us", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "thematic", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-os", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ovъ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "causative suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yeti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éyeti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-éitei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-iti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ić", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "stanowić", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="stanowić">
From Proto-Slavic *stanъ + *-ovъ + Old Polish -ić. First attested in c. 1400.

ipa: /stanɔvit͡ɕʲ/


stanowić

text: stanowić groźbę

translation: to pose a threat

english: to pose a threat

text: stanowić populację

translation: to make up a population

english: to make up a population

text: stanowić większość

translation: to make up the majority

english: to make up the majority

text: stanowić część

translation: to constitute a part

english: to constitute a part

text: stanowić problem

translation: to present a problem

english: to present a problem

links: constitute constitute

links: comprise comprise

links:
make up
make up

links: pose pose

links: present present

raw_glosses: (transitive, literary) to constitute, to comprise, to make up; to pose; to present (to be)

+obj

:o(loc)<about what>

words: o (+ locative) ‘about what’

expansion: [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]

links: determine determine

raw_glosses: (intransitive, literary) to determine (to be a factor that makes a difference) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]

raw_glosses: (intransitive, literary) to determine (to make a decision) [with o (+ locative) ‘about what’]

links: establish establish

links: implement implement

raw_glosses: (transitive, literary) to establish, to constitute, to implement

links:
in force
in force

raw_glosses: (transitive, bureaucracy, of a bill) to be in force (to cause citizens to have to behave a certain way)

qualifier: bureaucracy

links: allow allow

links: male male

links: livestock livestock

links: approach approach

links: female female

links: copulation copulation

raw_glosses: (transitive) to allow male livestock to approach a female for copulation

links: stop stop

links: flee flee

links: animal animal

links: hunter hunter

links: shoot shoot

raw_glosses: (transitive, of dogs) to stop a fleeing animal allowing the hunter to shoot it

raw_glosses: (transitive, obsolete) to stop (to cause to stop moving)

links: construct construct

raw_glosses: (transitive, obsolete) to build, to construct

ins<what position>

words: instrumental ‘what position’

expansion: [with instrumental ‘what position’]

links: się się#Polish

links: appoint appoint

raw_glosses: (reflexive with się, dated) to appoint oneself to a position [with instrumental ‘what position’]

raw_glosses: (reflexive with się, obsolete) to be established, to be constituted, to be implemented

raw_glosses: (reflexive with się, obsolete) to stop (to stop moving)

links: built build

raw_glosses: (reflexive with się, obsolete) to be built, to constructed

forms:
stanowić (infinitive)
stanowię (present singular)
stanowimy (plural present)
stanowisz (present singular)
stanowicie (plural present)
stanowi (present singular third-person)
stanowią (plural present third-person)
stanowi się (impersonal present)
stanowiłem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m stanowił (masculine past singular)
stanowiłam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m stanowiła (feminine past singular)
stanowiłom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m stanowiło (neuter past singular)
stanowiliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy stanowili (past plural virile)
stanowiłyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy stanowiły (nonvirile past plural)
stanowiłeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś stanowił (masculine past singular)
stanowiłaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś stanowiła (feminine past singular)
stanowiłoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś stanowiło (neuter past singular)
stanowiliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście stanowili (past plural virile)
stanowiłyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście stanowiły (nonvirile past plural)
stanowił (masculine past singular third-person)
stanowiła (feminine past singular third-person)
stanowiło (neuter past singular third-person)
stanowili (past plural third-person virile)
stanowiły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
stanowiono (impersonal past)
będę stanowił (future masculine singular)
będę stanowić (future masculine singular)
będę stanowiła (feminine future singular)
będę stanowić (feminine future singular)
będę stanowiło (future neuter singular)
będę stanowić (future neuter singular)
będziemy stanowili (future plural virile)
będziemy stanowić (future plural virile)
będziemy stanowiły (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy stanowić (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz stanowił (future masculine singular)
będziesz stanowić (future masculine singular)
będziesz stanowiła (feminine future singular)
będziesz stanowić (feminine future singular)
będziesz stanowiło (future neuter singular)
będziesz stanowić (future neuter singular)
będziecie stanowili (future plural virile)
będziecie stanowić (future plural virile)
będziecie stanowiły (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie stanowić (future nonvirile plural)
będzie stanowił (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie stanowić (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie stanowiła (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie stanowić (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie stanowiło (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie stanowić (future neuter singular third-person)
będą stanowili (future plural third-person virile)
będą stanowić (future plural third-person virile)
będą stanowiły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą stanowić (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie stanowić się (future impersonal)
stanowiłbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym stanowił (conditional masculine singular)
stanowiłabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym stanowiła (conditional feminine singular)
stanowiłobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym stanowiło (conditional neuter singular)
stanowilibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy stanowili (conditional plural virile)
stanowiłybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy stanowiły (conditional nonvirile plural)
stanowiłbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś stanowił (conditional masculine singular)
stanowiłabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś stanowiła (conditional feminine singular)
stanowiłobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś stanowiło (conditional neuter singular)
stanowilibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście stanowili (conditional plural virile)
stanowiłybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście stanowiły (conditional nonvirile plural)
stanowiłby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by stanowił (conditional masculine singular third-person)
stanowiłaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by stanowiła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
stanowiłoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by stanowiło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
stanowiliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by stanowili (conditional plural third-person virile)
stanowiłyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by stanowiły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
stanowiono by (conditional impersonal)
niech stanowię (imperative singular)
stanówmy (imperative plural)
stanów (imperative singular)
stanówcie (imperative plural)
niech stanowi (imperative singular third-person)
niech stanowią (imperative plural third-person)
stanowiący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
stanowiąca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
stanowiące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
stanowiący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
stanowiące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
stanowiony (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
stanowiona (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
stanowione (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
stanowieni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
stanowione (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
stanowiąc (adjectival contemporary participle)
stanowienie (noun-from-verb)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāˀnas
Proto-Slavic *stanъ
Proto-Indo-European *-usder.
Proto-Indo-European *-osder.
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Old Polish stanowić
Polish stanowić
Inherited from Old Polish stanowić. Compare Kashubian stanowic and Slovincian stanôwjic.

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāˀnas
Proto-Slavic *stanъ
Proto-Indo-European *-usder.
Proto-Indo-European *-osder.
Proto-Slavic *-ovъ
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Old Polish -ić
Old Polish stanowić
Polish stanowić
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*stanъ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "Caland system", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-us", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "thematic", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-os", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ovъ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "causative suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yeti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éyeti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-éitei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-iti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ić", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "stanowić", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "stanowić", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="stanowić">
Inherited from Old Polish stanowić.

cog

stanowic

expansion: Kashubian stanowic

zlw-slv

stanôwjic

expansion: Slovincian stanôwjic

rhymes: -ɔvit͡ɕ


czyli

text: Opatrzicze... lvd..., gestli silni, czili mdli, iestli mali, czili wyeliki (utrum fortis sit, an infirmus, si pauci numero, an plures)?

ref: 1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 13, 19:

text: Będzieli kto chcieć wolą jego czynić, pozna, ta nauka jestli od boga, czyli ja sam od siebie czynię, iż mowię (utrum ex deo sit, an ego a me ipso loquar Jo 7, 17)

ref: Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 433:

text: Chcesz sye bogom naszym modlicz, czily nye chcesz?

ref: 1896 [Middle of the 15th century], Lucjan Malinowski, editor, Żywot świętego Błażeja. Zabytek języka polskiego z początku wieku XV,, page 322:

links: or or

glosses: introduces a second alternative question; or

text: Ne iest strach boszi przed oczima gich. Czili ne poznaiø wszitcy (nonne cognoscent omnes), czso stroiø lichotø, gisz to szrø lud moy iaco karmø chleba?

ref: 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), numbers 13, 8, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

links: whether whether

raw_glosses: (attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a question sentence; whether

head

particle

expansion: czyli

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *či
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei
Proto-Slavic *li
univ.
Proto-Slavic *či li
Old Polish czyli
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či li, univerbation of *či + *li. First attested in the end of the 14th century. By surface analysis, univerbation of czy + li.

ety

etydate: end of the 14th century

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *či
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei
Proto-Slavic *li
univ.
Proto-Slavic *či li
Old Polish czyli
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "other", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*lei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*li", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Univerbation of", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "univerbation" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*či li", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "czyli", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="czyli">
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *či li, univerbation of *či + *li. First attested in the end of the 14th century.

surf

+univ

czy

li

ipa: /t͡ʃʲilʲi/


czyli

text: Gyesthly k themu... domu tha nyewyastha blysza, czyly[…] dzyeczy, czyly czo prawo, a ktho gy ma wszyacz albo oszyescz?

ref: 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 24:

english: History of Slavic lawmaking

translation: History of Slavic lawmaking

links:
which is
which is

links: actually actually

raw_glosses: (attested in Greater Poland) which is actually

pos: conj

head

conjunction

expansion: By surface analysis, univerbation of czy + li


czyli

text: Kupiłem książkę o Bolesławie I Chrobrym, czyli pierwszym królu Polski.

translation: I bought a book about Bolesław I the Brave, i.e. the first king of Poland.

text: Poszedłem sam, czyli byłem samotny.

translation: I went alone, which means I was lonely.

english: I went alone, which means I was lonely.

links:
as in
as in

links:
in other words
in other words

links:
that is to say
that is to say

glosses: clarifying or connective particle; as in, in other words, i.e., or, that is to say

links: czy czy#Polish

raw_glosses: (obsolete or Kuyavia, Kowal, Rakutowo, Kłótno, Piotrków Kujawski, Bytoń, Near Masovian, Maciejowice, Samogoszcz, Żelechów, Sokół, Gończyce, sometimes repeated) synonym of czy

qualifier: obsolete or Kuyavia; Near Masovian; obsolete or Kuyavia; Near Masovian

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷí-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁
Proto-Slavic *či
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei
Proto-Slavic *li
univ.
Proto-Slavic *či li
Old Polish czyli
Polish czyli
Inherited from Old Polish czyli. By surface analysis, univerbation of czy + li.

ety

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷí-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁
Proto-Slavic *či
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei
Proto-Slavic *li
univ.
Proto-Slavic *či li
Old Polish czyli
Polish czyli
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*či", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "other", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*lei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*li", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Univerbation of", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "univerbation" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*či li", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "czyli", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "czyli", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="czyli">
Inherited from Old Polish czyli.

surf

pl

note: Kuyavia

note: Near Masovian

rhymes: -ɘli


czyli

links: if if

raw_glosses: (obsolete or Kuyavia, Radziejów, Kruszwica, Osięciny) introduces a conditional; if

qualifier: obsolete or Kuyavia

ety

:inh


czyli

glosses: clarifying or connective particle; in other words, i.e., or, that is to say

head

szl

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷí-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁
Proto-Slavic *či
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei
Proto-Slavic *li
univ.
Proto-Slavic *či li
Old Polish czyli
Silesian czyli
Inherited from Old Polish czyli.

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *kʷí-
Proto-Indo-European *-h₁
Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁
Proto-Slavic *či
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei
Proto-Slavic *li
univ.
Proto-Slavic *či li
Old Polish czyli
Silesian czyli
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*či", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "other", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*lei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*li", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Univerbation of", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "univerbation" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*či li", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "czyli", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Silesian", "term" : "czyli", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "szl" }" data-lang="szl" data-title="czyli">
Inherited from Old Polish czyli.

rhymes: -ɪli


namų

links: namas namas#Lithuanian

lt

noun form

g: m-p

expansion: namų m pl

rhymes: -uː


namą

expansion: namą m

ipa: [²ˈnɑːmɑː]

rhymes: -ɑːmɑː


namui

expansion: namui m

ipa: [²ˈnɑːmʊɪ]

rhymes: -ɑːmʊɪ


namai

links: name name

links: give give#English

raw_glosses: (transitive) to name (to give a name to)

id

verb

active

menamai

passive

dinamai

expansion: namai (active menamai, passive dinamai)

forms:
menamai (active)
dinamai (passive)

etymology_text: From nama + -i.

suf

nama

i

expansion: nama + -i

rhymes: -i

parts: na ma i


namai

head

expansion: namai m pl

ipa: [nɐ²ˈmɐɪˑ]

rhymes: -ɐɪˑ


namams

expansion: namams m pl

rhymes: -ɑˑms


namus

links: virtue virtue

links: honor honor

links: family family

links: chastity chastity

links: female female

raw_glosses: (in Arab countries) A concept of virtue and honor within a family, typically relating to chastity of female family members.

links: cromlech cromlech

links: stone stone

links: circle circle

links: lithic lithic

links: burial burial

links: structure structure

links: Sinai Sinai

links: superstition superstition

glosses: A cromlech, a stone circle, a lithic burial structure in the Sinai connected to various superstitions.

en-noun

nawamis

expansion: namus (plural nawamis)

forms:
nawamis (plural)
Namus (alternative)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *nem-der.
Proto-Indo-European *németi
Proto-Hellenic *némō
Ancient Greek νέμω (némō)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Hellenic *-os
Ancient Greek -ος (-os)
Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos)bor.
Classical Syriac ܢܡܘܣܐ (nāmōsā)bor.
Arabic نَامُوس (nāmūs)bor.
English namus
From Arabic نَامُوس (nāmūs). Doublet of nome and nomos.

etymon

en

:bor

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *nem-der.
Proto-Indo-European *németi
Proto-Hellenic *némō
Ancient Greek νέμω (némō)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Hellenic *-os
Ancient Greek -ος (-os)
Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos)bor.
Classical Syriac ܢܡܘܣܐ (nāmōsā)bor.
Arabic نَامُوس (nāmūs)bor.
English namus
[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "transliteration" : "nāmōsā", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "to distribute", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "distribute", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*nem-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*németi", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*némō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "νέμω", "gloss" : "to distribute", "lang" : "grc" }, { "id" : "o-grade", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "thematic", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-os", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-os", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ος", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "νόμος", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Classical Syriac", "term" : "ܢܡܘܣܐ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "syc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Arabic", "term" : "نَامُوس", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ar" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "namus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="namus">

bor

ar

نَامُوس

expansion: Arabic نَامُوس (nāmūs)

dbt

nome

nomos

expansion: Doublet of nome and nomos


namus

text: birinin namusuna toxunmaq

translation: to offend someone's honor

english: to offend someone's honor

links: namus namus#English

az-noun

expansion: namus (definite accusative namusu, plural namuslar)

forms:
namusu (accusative definite)
namuslar (plural)
namus (nominative singular)
namuslar (nominative plural)
namusu (accusative definite singular)
namusları (accusative definite plural)
namusa (dative singular)
namuslara (dative plural)
namusda (locative singular)
namuslarda (locative plural)
namusdan (ablative singular)
namuslardan (ablative plural)
namusun (definite genitive singular)
namusların (definite genitive plural)
namusum (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
namuslarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
namusun (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
namusların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
namusu (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
namusları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
namusumuz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
namuslarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
namusunuz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
namuslarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
namusu (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namusları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namusları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
namusumu (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
namuslarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
namusunu (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
namuslarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
namusunu (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
namuslarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
namusumuzu (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
namuslarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
namusunuzu (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
namuslarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
namusunu (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
namusuma (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
namuslarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
namusuna (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
namuslarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
namusuna (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
namuslarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
namusumuza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
namuslarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
namusunuza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
namuslarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
namusuna (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
namusumda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
namuslarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
namusunda (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
namuslarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
namusunda (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
namuslarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
namusumuzda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
namuslarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
namusunuzda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
namuslarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
namusunda (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
namusumdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
namuslarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
namusundan (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
namuslarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
namusundan (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
namuslarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
namusumuzdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
namuslarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
namusunuzdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
namuslarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
namusundan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
namusumun (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
namuslarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
namusunun (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
namuslarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
namusunun (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
namuslarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
namusumuzun (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
namuslarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
namusunuzun (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
namuslarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
namusunun (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
namuslarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

etymology_text: Borrowed from Arabic نَامُوس (nāmūs), ultimately from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos).

bor+

az

expansion: Borrowed from Arabic نَامُوس (nāmūs)

der

grc

νόμος

expansion: Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos)


namus

links: nō no#Latin

glosses: first-person plural present active indicative of nō

head

la

verb form

head: nāmus

expansion: nāmus

forms: nāmus (canonical)

note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical


namus

links: nams nams#Latvian

lv

expansion: namus m


namus

links: namas namas#Lithuanian

expansion: namus m pl

ipa: [nɐˈmʊs]

rhymes: -ʊs