sparka

links: upał upał#Polish

pl-noun

f

expansion: sparka f

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰsder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź
Proto-Slavic *jьz
Proto-Slavic *jьz-
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
Proto-Balto-Slavic *san?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm?
Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)
Old Polish z-
Old Polish s-
Polish s-
Proto-Slavic *porěti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Proto-Slavic *pariti
Polish parzyć
Polish sparzyć
Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Old Polish -ka
Polish -ka
Polish sparka
From sparzyć + -ka.

ety

:af

sparzyć

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰsder.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź
Proto-Slavic *jьz
Proto-Slavic *jьz-
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
Proto-Balto-Slavic *san?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm?
Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)
Old Polish z-
Old Polish s-
Polish s-
Proto-Slavic *porěti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei
Proto-Slavic *-iti
Proto-Slavic *pariti
Polish parzyć
Polish sparzyć
Proto-Indo-European *-keh₂der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Old Polish -ka
Polish -ka
Polish sparka
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "out", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁éǵʰ", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "adverbial", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-s", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁éǵʰs", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*iź", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*jьz", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*jьz-", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "id" : "with", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "one", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "together", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*sem-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*sm̥-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*san", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "beside", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "here", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱe", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*ḱóm", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*sъ(n)", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "z-", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "s-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "s-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "id" : "burn", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "steam", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*porěti", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yeti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éyeti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-éitei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-iti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*pariti", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "parzyć", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "sparzyć", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-keh₂", "id" : "adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-kos", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "inline", "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-kāˀ", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ъka", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ka", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-ka", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "sparka", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="sparka">
From sparzyć + -ka.

note: Kielce


sparka

text: Han kände sig ungefär som en häst som sparkat sönder sina skaklar och som nu kunde få skena i väg så långt han ville utan fruktan för piskan och tygeln.

ref: 1909, Leon Larson, Samhällets fiende:

english: He felt something like a horse that had kicked its shackles to pieces, and that now could bolt as far as he pleased without fear of whip or reins.

type: quotation

links: kick kick

links: fire fire

raw_glosses: (slang) to fire; terminate an employment

pos: verb

head

sv

verbs

present

sparkar

preterite

sparkade

supine

sparkat

imperative

sparka

expansion: sparka (present sparkar, preterite sparkade, supine sparkat, imperative sparka)

forms:
sparkar (present)
sparkade (preterite)
sparkat (supine)
sparka (imperative)
sparka (active infinitive)
sparkas (infinitive passive)
sparkat (active supine)
sparkats (passive supine)
sparka (active imperative)
sparken (active archaic imperative plural)
sparkar (active indicative present)
sparkade (active indicative past)
sparkas (indicative passive present)
sparkades (indicative passive past)
sparka (active archaic indicative plural present)
sparkade (active archaic indicative past plural)
sparkas (archaic indicative passive plural present)
sparkades (archaic indicative passive past plural)
sparke (active dated present subjunctive)
sparkade (active dated past subjunctive)
sparkes (dated passive present subjunctive)
sparkades (dated passive past subjunctive)
sparkande (active participle past present)
sparkad (active participle past)

etymology_text: From Old Norse sparka, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *spurnaną (“to trample, kick”). Compare Icelandic sparka.

inh

non

sparka

expansion: Old Norse sparka

der

gem-pro

*spurnaną

t: to trample, kick

cog

is

sparka

expansion: Icelandic sparka


spyrna

+obj

dat

expansion: [with dative]

head

verb

cat2: weak verbs

weak verb

third-person singular past indicative

spyrnti

supine

spyrnt

expansion: spyrna (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative spyrnti, supine spyrnt)

is-verb-weak

spyrnti

spyrnt

forms:
spyrnti (indicative past singular third-person)
spyrnt (supine)

etymology_text: From Old Norse spyrna, from Proto-Germanic *spurnijaną (“to kick”). Compare Icelandic sparka.

inh

spyrna

expansion: Old Norse spyrna

der

*spurnijaną

t: to kick

expansion: Proto-Germanic *spurnijaną (“to kick”)

ipa: [ˈspɪrtna]


spyrna

pos: noun

is-noun

expansion: spyrna f (genitive singular spyrnu, nominative plural spyrnur)

forms:
spyrnu (genitive singular)
spyrnur (nominative plural)
spyrna (indefinite nominative singular)
spyrnan (definite nominative singular)
spyrnur (indefinite nominative plural)
spyrnurnar (definite nominative plural)
spyrnu (accusative indefinite singular)
spyrnuna (accusative definite singular)
spyrnur (accusative indefinite plural)
spyrnurnar (accusative definite plural)
spyrnu (dative indefinite singular)
spyrnunni (dative definite singular)
spyrnum (dative indefinite plural)
spyrnunum (dative definite plural)
spyrnu (genitive indefinite singular)
spyrnunnar (definite genitive singular)
spyrna (genitive indefinite plural)
spyrnanna (definite genitive plural)


áfram

links: forward forward

links: forth forth

links: on on

pos: adv

head

adverbs

expansion: áfram

etymology_text: á (“on, in”) + fram (“forth”).

af

á

fram

t1: on, in

t2: forth

expansion: á (“on, in”) + fram (“forth”)


verkfæri

links: tool tool

links: implement implement

is-noun

expansion: verkfæri n (genitive singular verkfæris, nominative plural verkfæri)

forms:
verkfæris (genitive singular)
verkfæri (nominative plural)
verkfæri (indefinite nominative singular)
verkfærið (definite nominative singular)
verkfæri (indefinite nominative plural)
verkfærin (definite nominative plural)
verkfæri (accusative indefinite singular)
verkfærið (accusative definite singular)
verkfæri (accusative indefinite plural)
verkfærin (accusative definite plural)
verkfæri (dative indefinite singular)
verkfærinu (dative definite singular)
verkfærum (dative indefinite plural)
verkfærunum (dative definite plural)
verkfæris (genitive indefinite singular)
verkfærisins (definite genitive singular)
verkfæra (genitive indefinite plural)
verkfæranna (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From verk + færi.

verk

færi

expansion: verk + færi


hlaða niður

links: Internet Internet

links: download download

head

expansion: hlaða niður

etymology_text: Calque of English download. Composed of að hlaða (“to load”) + niður (“down”).

calque

en

download

expansion: Calque of English download

com

hlaða

alt1: að hlaða

t1: to load

niður

t2: down

expansion: að hlaða (“to load”) + niður (“down”)


breyting

links: change change

links: alteration alteration

is-noun

expansion: breyting f (genitive singular breytingar, nominative plural breytingar)

forms:
breytingar (genitive singular)
breytingar (nominative plural)
breyting (indefinite nominative singular)
breytingin (definite nominative singular)
breytingar (indefinite nominative plural)
breytingarnar (definite nominative plural)
breytingu (accusative indefinite singular)
breytinguna (accusative definite singular)
breytingar (accusative indefinite plural)
breytingarnar (accusative definite plural)
breytingu (dative indefinite singular)
breytingunni (dative definite singular)
breytingum (dative indefinite plural)
breytingunum (dative definite plural)
breytingar (genitive indefinite singular)
breytingarinnar (definite genitive singular)
breytinga (genitive indefinite plural)
breytinganna (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From breyta (“to change”) + -ing.

suffix

breyta

t1: to change

ing

expansion: breyta (“to change”) + -ing

ipa: [ˈpreiːtiŋk]

rhymes: -eiːtiŋk


kerfi

links: system system

links: organization organization

is-noun

expansion: kerfi n (genitive singular kerfis, nominative plural kerfi)

forms:
kerfis (genitive singular)
kerfi (nominative plural)
kerfi (indefinite nominative singular)
kerfið (definite nominative singular)
kerfi (indefinite nominative plural)
kerfin (definite nominative plural)
kerfi (accusative indefinite singular)
kerfið (accusative definite singular)
kerfi (accusative indefinite plural)
kerfin (accusative definite plural)
kerfi (dative indefinite singular)
kerfinu (dative definite singular)
kerfum (dative indefinite plural)
kerfunum (dative definite plural)
kerfis (genitive indefinite singular)
kerfisins (definite genitive singular)
kerfa (genitive indefinite plural)
kerfanna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

n

etymology_text: Inherited from Old Norse kerfi, kjarf (“bundle”). Compare with Middle High German krēbe (“basket”), and Sanskrit ग्रप्स (grapsa, “bundle”). Also perhaps akin to Old Saxon crybb (and ergo to English crib). Cognate with Faroese kervi (“sheaf of sedge, system”), Norwegian Bokmål kjerv (“bundle, sheaf”), Norwegian Nynorsk kjerve and kjerv (“bundle, sheaf”), Swedish kärve (“sheaf”), Danish kærv (“sheaf”).

yesno

i

I

expansion: I

glossary

Inherited

expansion: Inherited

inh

kerfi

expansion: Old Norse kerfi

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Old Norse kerfi

cog

gmh

krēbe

t: basket

expansion: Middle High German krēbe (“basket”)

sa

ग्रप्स

t: bundle

expansion: Sanskrit ग्रप्स (grapsa, “bundle”)

osx

crybb

expansion: Old Saxon crybb

en

crib

expansion: English crib

fo

kervi

sheaf of sedge, system

nb

kjerv

bundle, sheaf

nn

kjerve

expansion: Norwegian Nynorsk kjerve

kärve

sheaf

expansion: Swedish kärve (“sheaf”)

da

kærv

expansion: Danish kærv (“sheaf”)

ipa: [ˈcʰɛrvɪ]

rhymes: -ɛrvɪ


kerfi

links: carve carve

links: mark mark

head

srn

verb

expansion: kerfi

etymology_text: Borrowed from Dutch kerven.

bor+

nl

kerven

expansion: Borrowed from Dutch kerven

forms: tyerfi (alternative)


útgáfa

links: publishing publishing

links: version version

is-noun

expansion: útgáfa f (genitive singular útgáfu, nominative plural útgáfur)

forms:
útgáfu (genitive singular)
útgáfur (nominative plural)
útgáfa (indefinite nominative singular)
útgáfan (definite nominative singular)
útgáfur (indefinite nominative plural)
útgáfurnar (definite nominative plural)
útgáfu (accusative indefinite singular)
útgáfuna (accusative definite singular)
útgáfur (accusative indefinite plural)
útgáfurnar (accusative definite plural)
útgáfu (dative indefinite singular)
útgáfunni (dative definite singular)
útgáfum (dative indefinite plural)
útgáfunum (dative definite plural)
útgáfu (genitive indefinite singular)
útgáfunnar (definite genitive singular)
útgáfna (genitive indefinite plural)
útgáfnanna (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From gefa út (“to publish”).


hingað

text: Komdu hingað strax!

translation: Come here right away!

english: Come here right away!

type: example

text: Hvernig komstu hingað?

translation: How did you get here?

english: How did you get here?

text: Ég kom hingað með strætó.

translation: I came here by bus.

english: I came here by bus.

links: here here

links: into into

links: to to

links: hither hither

glosses: here (movement), into here, to here, hither

head

adverbs

expansion: hingað

etymology_text: From Old Norse hingat, from *hinn veg at.

inh

non

hingat

expansion: Old Norse hingat


철

links: season season

계절

alt: 季節

ko-noun

expansion: 철 • (cheol)

forms: cheol (romanization)

etymology_text: First attested in the Garye eonhae (家禮諺解 / 가례언해), 1632, as Early Modern Korean 쳘 (Yale: chyel).

anchor

season

ko-etym-native

gre

쳘

chyel

ipa: [t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭ]

hangeul: 철


철

links: iron iron

links: ferrum ferrum

ko-noun

hanja: 鐵

expansion: 철 • (cheol) (hanja 鐵)

forms:
cheol (romanization)
鐵 (hanja)

roman: cheol

alt: 鐵

word: the hanja entry at 鐵 for Sino-Korean compounds of 철

etymology_text: Sino-Korean word from 鐵.

anchor

鐵

chemical element box

ko

wp

ko:

etymid

鐵

ko-etym-sino

expansion: Sino-Korean word from 鐵


철

text: 철이 들다

roman: cheor-i deulda

translation: to become mature

english: to become mature

links: maturity maturity

links: good good

links: sense sense

철딱서니

roman: cheolttakseoni

철부지

roman: cheolbuji

etymology_text: Of native Korean origin.

anchor

maturity

ko-etym-native

expansion: Of native Korean origin.


nomiĝi

text: Mi nomiĝas Vilĉjo.

translation: I am called Bill.

english: I am called Bill.

links:
be called
be called

links: named named

raw_glosses: (intransitive) to be called, to be named

eo-head

expansion: nomiĝi (present nomiĝas, past nomiĝis, future nomiĝos, conditional nomiĝus, volitive nomiĝu)

forms:
nomiĝas (present)
nomiĝis (past)
nomiĝos (future)
nomiĝus (conditional)
nomiĝu (volitive)
nomiĝas (present)
nomiĝis (past)
nomiĝos (future)
nomiĝanta (active participle present singular)
nomiĝantaj (active participle plural present)
nomiĝinta (active participle past singular)
nomiĝintaj (active participle past plural)
nomiĝonta (active future participle singular)
nomiĝontaj (active future participle plural)
nomiĝantan (accusative active participle present singular)
nomiĝantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
nomiĝintan (accusative active participle past singular)
nomiĝintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
nomiĝontan (accusative active future participle singular)
nomiĝontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
nomiĝanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
nomiĝantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
nomiĝinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
nomiĝintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
nomiĝonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
nomiĝontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
nomiĝanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
nomiĝantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
nomiĝinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
nomiĝintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
nomiĝonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
nomiĝontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
nomiĝante (active adverbial participle present)
nomiĝinte (active adverbial participle past)
nomiĝonte (active adverbial future participle)
nomiĝi (infinitive plural present)
nomiĝu (imperative past plural)
nomiĝus (conditional future plural)

eo-conj

intr: yes

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Esperanto nomi
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Latin -izō
Late Latin -izāre
Italian -eggiareder.
Esperanto -iĝi
Esperanto nomiĝi
From nomi + -iĝi.

ety

eo

:af

nomi

-iĝi

expansion:
Etymology tree
Esperanto nomi
Proto-Indo-European *-id-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti
Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.
Latin -izō
Late Latin -izāre
Italian -eggiareder.
Esperanto -iĝi
Esperanto nomiĝi
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-izō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Late Latin", "term" : "-izāre", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la-lat" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Italian", "term" : "-eggiare", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "it" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "-iĝi", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "nomiĝi", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo" }" data-lang="eo" data-title="nomiĝi">
From nomi + -iĝi.

ipa: /noˈmid͡ʒi/

rhymes: -id͡ʒi


hýr

links: glad glad

links: happy happy

links: satisfied satisfied

links: gay gay

links: homosexual homosexual

links: tipsy tipsy

pos: adj

is-adj

expansion: hýr (comparative hýrari, superlative hýrastur)

forms:
hýrari (comparative)
hýrastur (superlative)
hýr (masculine nominative strong)
hýr (feminine nominative strong)
hýrt (neuter nominative strong)
hýran (accusative masculine strong)
hýra (accusative feminine strong)
hýrt (accusative neuter strong)
hýrum (dative masculine strong)
hýrri (dative feminine strong)
hýru (dative neuter strong)
hýrs (genitive masculine strong)
hýrrar (feminine genitive strong)
hýrs (genitive neuter strong)
hýrir (masculine nominative strong)
hýrar (feminine nominative strong)
hýr (neuter nominative strong)
hýra (accusative masculine strong)
hýrar (accusative feminine strong)
hýr (accusative neuter strong)
hýrum (dative strong)
hýrra (genitive strong)
hýri (masculine nominative weak)
hýra (feminine nominative weak)
hýra (neuter nominative weak)
hýra (masculine weak)
hýru (feminine weak)
hýra (neuter weak)
hýru (plural weak)
hýrari (comparative masculine singular weak)
hýrari (comparative feminine singular weak)
hýrara (comparative neuter singular weak)
hýrari (comparative plural weak)
hýrastur (masculine nominative strong superlative)
hýrust (feminine nominative strong superlative)
hýrast (neuter nominative strong superlative)
hýrastan (accusative masculine strong superlative)
hýrasta (accusative feminine strong superlative)
hýrast (accusative neuter strong superlative)
hýrustum (dative masculine strong superlative)
hýrastri (dative feminine strong superlative)
hýrustu (dative neuter strong superlative)
hýrasts (genitive masculine strong superlative)
hýrastrar (feminine genitive strong superlative)
hýrasts (genitive neuter strong superlative)
hýrastir (masculine nominative strong superlative)
hýrastar (feminine nominative strong superlative)
hýrust (neuter nominative strong superlative)
hýrasta (accusative masculine strong superlative)
hýrastar (accusative feminine strong superlative)
hýrust (accusative neuter strong superlative)
hýrustum (dative strong superlative)
hýrastra (genitive strong superlative)
hýrasti (masculine nominative superlative weak)
hýrasta (feminine nominative superlative weak)
hýrasta (neuter nominative superlative weak)
hýrasta (masculine superlative weak)
hýrustu (feminine superlative weak)
hýrasta (neuter superlative weak)
hýrustu (plural superlative weak)

is-adecl

comp

etymology_text: From Old Norse hýrr, from Proto-Germanic *hiurijaz, *gahiurijaz, perhaps derived with a locative suffix *-r- from the stem *hiw- (compare Icelandic hjú, hjón and hýbýli), then originally denoting a connection to the home and family with the connotation of happiness and comfort as among one's loved ones.

inh

is

hýrr

expansion: Old Norse hýrr

gem-pro

*hiurijaz

expansion: Proto-Germanic *hiurijaz

cog

hjú

expansion: Icelandic hjú

ipa: [ˈhiːr]

rhymes: -iːr


hýr

glosses: positive degree strong feminine nominative singular

glosses: positive degree strong neuter nominative/accusative plural

head

non

adjective form

expansion: hýr


frú

links: madam madam

links: lady lady

is-noun

expansion: frú f (genitive singular frúar, nominative plural frúr)

forms:
frúar (genitive singular)
frúr (nominative plural)
frú (indefinite nominative singular)
frúin (definite nominative singular)
frúr (indefinite nominative plural)
frúrnar (definite nominative plural)
frú (accusative indefinite singular)
frúna (accusative definite singular)
frúr (accusative indefinite plural)
frúrnar (accusative definite plural)
frú (dative indefinite singular)
frúnni (dative definite singular)
frúm (dative indefinite plural)
frúnum (dative definite plural)
frúar (genitive indefinite singular)
frúarinnar (definite genitive singular)
frúa (genitive indefinite plural)
frúnna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

f

etymology_text: From Old Norse frú, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ.

inh

frú

expansion: Old Norse frú

der

*frawjǭ

expansion: Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ

ipa: [ˈfruː]

rhymes: -uː


ungfrú

links: miss miss

links:
young lady
young lady

is-noun

expansion: ungfrú f (genitive singular ungfrúar, nominative plural ungfrúr)

forms:
ungfrúar (genitive singular)
ungfrúr (nominative plural)
ungfrú (indefinite nominative singular)
ungfrúin (definite nominative singular)
ungfrúr (indefinite nominative plural)
ungfrúrnar (definite nominative plural)
ungfrú (accusative indefinite singular)
ungfrúna (accusative definite singular)
ungfrúr (accusative indefinite plural)
ungfrúrnar (accusative definite plural)
ungfrú (dative indefinite singular)
ungfrúnni (dative definite singular)
ungfrúm (dative indefinite plural)
ungfrúnum (dative definite plural)
ungfrúar (genitive indefinite singular)
ungfrúarinnar (definite genitive singular)
ungfrúa (genitive indefinite plural)
ungfrúnna (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From ungur + frú.

compound

ungur

expansion: ungur + frú


nomi

text: Kaj Dio nomis la lumon Tago, kaj la mallumon Li nomis Nokto.

ref: 1927, L. L. Zamenhof, transl., La Sankta Biblio [The Holy Bible] (hardcover), London; Edinburgh: British and Foreign Bible Society; Scottish Bible Society, →ISBN, page 5:

english: And God called the light Day, and He called the darkness Night.

text: "Nu, Kefalo," mi diris, "mi ja ĝuas konversacii kun maljunuloj. Mi opinias ke ni devus lerni de personoj kiuj jam laŭiris la vojon laŭ kiu ankaŭ ni mem devos iri. Kia ĝi estas, malglata kaj malfacila? Aŭ facila kaj senĝena? Mi volonte sciiĝus kia vi trovas ĝin, ĉar vi jam atingis tiun aĝon kiun la poetoj nomas 'la sojlo de maljuneco'."

ref: 2012, Plato, translated by Donald Broadribb, La Respubliko (Traduko al Esperanto) [The Republic (Translation into Esperanto)], 2nd corrected edition (paperback), New York: Mondial, →ISBN, page 18:

english: "Well, Cephalus," I said, "I certainly enjoy conversing with old people. I have the opinion that we should learn from people who already went along the path along which we ourselves will also have to go. What is it like, rough and difficult? Or easy and relaxed? I would willingly find out what kind you consider it, because you have already attained that age which the poets call 'the threshold of oldness'."

text: Dum la 1940-aj jaroj la nazioj komencis realigi la tiel nomatan “finan solvon”. Tio estis plano mortigi ĉiujn judojn.

ref: 2025 November 12, Thomas Bormann, “La nekredebla viv-historio de Dany Dattel”, in uea.facila, archived from the original on 11 Dec 2025:

english: During the 1940s, the Nazis began to realize the so-called “final solution”. That was a plan to kill all Jews.

links: name name

links: call call

raw_glosses: (transitive) to name, to call (to name or identify as)

eo-head

expansion: nomi (present nomas, past nomis, future nomos, conditional nomus, volitive nomu)

forms:
nomas (present)
nomis (past)
nomos (future)
nomus (conditional)
nomu (volitive)
nomas (present)
nomis (past)
nomos (future)
nomanta (active participle present singular)
nomantaj (active participle plural present)
nominta (active participle past singular)
nomintaj (active participle past plural)
nomonta (active future participle singular)
nomontaj (active future participle plural)
nomantan (accusative active participle present singular)
nomantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
nomintan (accusative active participle past singular)
nomintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
nomontan (accusative active future participle singular)
nomontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
nomata (participle passive present singular)
nomataj (participle passive plural present)
nomita (participle passive past singular)
nomitaj (participle passive past plural)
nomota (future participle passive singular)
nomotaj (future participle passive plural)
nomatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
nomatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
nomitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
nomitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
nomotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
nomotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
nomanto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
nomantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
nominto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
nomintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
nomonto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
nomontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
nomanton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
nomantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
nominton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
nomintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
nomonton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
nomontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
nomato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
nomatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
nomito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
nomitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
nomoto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
nomotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
nomaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
nomatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
nomiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
nomitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
nomoton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
nomotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
nomante (active adverbial participle present)
nominte (active adverbial participle past)
nomonte (active adverbial future participle)
nomate (adverbial participle passive present)
nomite (adverbial participle passive past)
nomote (adverbial future participle passive)
nomi (infinitive plural present)
nomu (imperative past plural)
nomus (conditional future plural)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥
Proto-Italic *nōmn̥
Latin nōmen
Old French nom
French nombor.
▲
Latin nōmen
Italian nomebor.
Esperanto nomo
Esperanto -i
Esperanto nomi
From nomo (“name”, noun) + -i (infinitive suffix).

ety

-i<pos:infinitive suffix>

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥
Proto-Italic *nōmn̥
Latin nōmen
Old French nom
French nombor.
▲
Latin nōmen
Italian nomebor.
Esperanto nomo
Esperanto -i
Esperanto nomi
[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₁nómn̥", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*nōmn̥", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "nōmen", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "nom", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "nom", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "children" : [ ], "status" : [ "la", ":inh", "itc-pro:*nōmn̥" ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "nōmen", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Italian", "term" : "nome", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "it" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "nomo", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo", "pos" : "n" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "-i", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "eo", "pos" : "infinitive suffix" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "nomi", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo" }" data-lang="eo" data-title="nomi">
From nomo (“name”, noun) + -i (infinitive suffix).

ipa: /ˈnomi/

rhymes: -omi


nomi

fax-noun

m

expansion: nomi m (plural nomis)

forms: nomis (plural)

etymology_text: From Old Galician-Portuguese nome, from Latin nōmen (“name”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥.

inh

fax

roa-opt

nome

expansion: Old Galician-Portuguese nome

la

nōmen

name

expansion: Latin nōmen (“name”)

ine-pro

expansion: Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥


nomi

head

pov

noun

expansion: nomi

etymology_text: From Portuguese nome. Cognate with Kabuverdianu nómi.

der

pt

expansion: Portuguese nome

cog

kea

nómi

expansion: Kabuverdianu nómi


nomi

links: Rōmaji romaji

links: のみ のみ#Japanese

pos: romanization

head

ja

romanization

sc: Latn


krúna

links: crown crown

links: treetop treetop

fo

g: f

genitive singular

krúnu

plural

krúnur

expansion: krúna f (genitive singular krúnu, plural krúnur)

fo-noun

krúnu

krúnur

forms:
krúnu (genitive singular)
krúnur (plural)
krúna (indefinite nominative singular)
krúnan (definite nominative singular)
krúnur (indefinite nominative plural)
krúnurnar (definite nominative plural)
krúnu (accusative indefinite singular)
krúnuna (accusative definite singular)
krúnur (accusative indefinite plural)
krúnurnar (accusative definite plural)
krúnu (dative indefinite singular)
krúnuni (dative definite singular)
krúnum (dative indefinite plural)
krúnunum (dative definite plural)
krúnu (genitive indefinite singular)
krúnunnar (definite genitive singular)
krúna (genitive indefinite plural)
krúnanna (definite genitive plural)

krún

etymology_text: From Latin corona (“crown”).

der

corona

crown

expansion: Latin corona (“crown”)

ipa: /ˈkɹʉuːna/


krúna

head

verb

third person singular past indicative

krúnaði

third person plural past indicative

krúnað

supine

krúnað

expansion: krúna (third person singular past indicative krúnaði, third person plural past indicative krúnað, supine krúnað)

fo-verb

krúnaði

krúnað

forms:
krúnaði (indicative past singular third-person)
krúnað (indicative past plural third-person)
krúnað (supine)
krúna (infinitive)
krúnað (supine)
krúni (first-person present singular)
krúnaði (first-person past singular)
krúnar (present second-person singular)
krúnaði (past second-person singular)
krúnar (present singular third-person)
krúnaði (past singular third-person)
krúna (plural present)
krúnaðu (past plural)
krúnandi (participle present)
krúnaður (participle past)
krúna! (imperative singular)
krúnið! (imperative plural)


krúna

links: diadem diadem

links: throne throne

glosses: crown, throne (figurative for the state as the estate and realm of a monarch)

links: head head

is-noun

expansion: krúna f (genitive singular krúnu, nominative plural krúnur)

forms:
krúnu (genitive singular)
krúnur (nominative plural)
krúna (indefinite nominative singular)
krúnan (definite nominative singular)
krúnur (indefinite nominative plural)
krúnurnar (definite nominative plural)
krúnu (accusative indefinite singular)
krúnuna (accusative definite singular)
krúnur (accusative indefinite plural)
krúnurnar (accusative definite plural)
krúnu (dative indefinite singular)
krúnunni (dative definite singular)
krúnum (dative indefinite plural)
krúnunum (dative definite plural)
krúnu (genitive indefinite singular)
krúnunnar (definite genitive singular)
krúna (genitive indefinite plural)
krúnanna (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From Latin corōna (“crown”).

der

corōna

expansion: Latin corōna (“crown”)

ipa: [ˈkʰruːna]

rhymes: -uːna


krúna

head

expansion: krúna

forms:
krúnaður (masculine nominative singular)
krúnuð (feminine nominative singular)
krúnað (neuter nominative singular)
krúnaðir (masculine nominative plural)
krúnaðar (feminine nominative plural)
krúnuð (neuter nominative plural)
krúnaðan (accusative masculine singular)
krúnaða (accusative feminine singular)
krúnað (accusative neuter singular)
krúnaða (accusative masculine plural)
krúnaðar (accusative feminine plural)
krúnuð (accusative neuter plural)
krúnuðum (dative masculine singular)
krúnaðri (dative feminine singular)
krúnuðu (dative neuter singular)
krúnuðum (dative masculine plural)
krúnuðum (dative feminine plural)
krúnuðum (dative neuter plural)
krúnaðs (genitive masculine singular)
krúnaðrar (feminine genitive singular)
krúnaðs (genitive neuter singular)
krúnaðra (genitive masculine plural)
krúnaðra (feminine genitive plural)
krúnaðra (genitive neuter plural)
krúnaði (masculine nominative singular)
krúnaða (feminine nominative singular)
krúnaða (neuter nominative singular)
krúnuðu (masculine nominative plural)
krúnuðu (feminine nominative plural)
krúnuðu (neuter nominative plural)
krúnaða (accusative masculine singular)
krúnuðu (accusative feminine singular)
krúnaða (accusative neuter singular)
krúnuðu (accusative masculine plural)
krúnuðu (accusative feminine plural)
krúnuðu (accusative neuter plural)
krúnaða (dative masculine singular)
krúnuðu (dative feminine singular)
krúnaða (dative neuter singular)
krúnuðu (dative masculine plural)
krúnuðu (dative feminine plural)
krúnuðu (dative neuter plural)
krúnaða (genitive masculine singular)
krúnuðu (feminine genitive singular)
krúnaða (genitive neuter singular)
krúnuðu (genitive masculine plural)
krúnuðu (feminine genitive plural)
krúnuðu (genitive neuter plural)


sálfræði

links: psychology psychology

is-noun

expansion: sálfræði f (genitive singular sálfræði, no plural)

forms:
sálfræði (genitive singular)
sálfræði (indefinite nominative singular)
sálfræðin (definite nominative singular)
sálfræði (accusative indefinite singular)
sálfræðina (accusative definite singular)
sálfræði (dative indefinite singular)
sálfræðinni (dative definite singular)
sálfræði (genitive indefinite singular)
sálfræðinnar (definite genitive singular)
sálarfræði (alternative)

sálfræðilegur

english: psychological

translation: psychological

sálfræðingur

english: psychologist

translation: psychologist

etymology_text: From sál (“soul”) + -fræði (“-(o)logy”).

af

sál

-fræði

t1: soul

t2: -(o)logy

expansion: sál (“soul”) + -fræði (“-(o)logy”)


hreinn sveinn

links: male male

links: virgin virgin

is-noun

expansion: hreinn sveinn m (genitive singular hreins sveins, nominative plural hreinir sveinar)

forms:
hreins sveins (genitive singular)
hreinir sveinar (nominative plural)
hreinn sveinn (indefinite nominative singular)
hreini sveinninn (definite nominative singular)
hreinir sveinar (indefinite nominative plural)
hreinu sveinarnir (definite nominative plural)
hreinan svein (accusative indefinite singular)
hreina sveininn (accusative definite singular)
hreina sveina (accusative indefinite plural)
hreinu sveinana (accusative definite plural)
hreinum sveini (dative indefinite singular)
hreina sveininum (dative definite singular)
hreinum sveinum (dative indefinite plural)
hreinu sveinunum (dative definite plural)
hreins sveins (genitive indefinite singular)
hreina sveinsins (definite genitive singular)
hreinna sveina (genitive indefinite plural)
hreinu sveinanna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

hreinn<adj> sveinn<@@>

hrein mey

english: female virgin

translation: female virgin

etymology_text: Literally, “clean lad”.

yesno

l

L

expansion: L

m-g

clean lad

expansion: “clean lad”

lit

expansion: Literally, “clean lad”

ipa: [ˈr̥eitn̥ ˈsveitn̥]


eyja

links: island island

is-noun

expansion: eyja f (genitive singular eyju, nominative plural eyjur)

forms:
eyju (genitive singular)
eyjur (nominative plural)
eyja (indefinite nominative singular)
eyjan (definite nominative singular)
eyjur (indefinite nominative plural)
eyjurnar (definite nominative plural)
eyju (accusative indefinite singular)
eyjuna (accusative definite singular)
eyjur (accusative indefinite plural)
eyjurnar (accusative definite plural)
eyju (dative indefinite singular)
eyjunni (dative definite singular)
eyjum (dative indefinite plural)
eyjunum (dative definite plural)
eyju (genitive indefinite singular)
eyjunnar (definite genitive singular)
eyja (genitive indefinite plural)
eyjanna (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From older ey (dative eyju), from Old Norse ey, from Proto-Germanic *awjō.

der

non

ey

expansion: Old Norse ey

*awjō

expansion: Proto-Germanic *awjō

ipa: [ˈeija]

rhymes: -eiːja

homophone: eygja

homophone: Eyja


fresta

+obj

dat

expansion: [with dative]

links:
put off
put off

links: postpone postpone

head

weak verb

frestaði

frestað

expansion: fresta (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative frestaði, supine frestað)

is-verb-weak

frestaði

frestað

forms:
frestaði (indicative past singular third-person)
frestað (supine)
frestaður (masculine nominative singular)
frestuð (feminine nominative singular)
frestað (neuter nominative singular)
frestaðir (masculine nominative plural)
frestaðar (feminine nominative plural)
frestuð (neuter nominative plural)
frestaðan (accusative masculine singular)
frestaða (accusative feminine singular)
frestað (accusative neuter singular)
frestaða (accusative masculine plural)
frestaðar (accusative feminine plural)
frestuð (accusative neuter plural)
frestuðum (dative masculine singular)
frestaðri (dative feminine singular)
frestuðu (dative neuter singular)
frestuðum (dative masculine plural)
frestuðum (dative feminine plural)
frestuðum (dative neuter plural)
frestaðs (genitive masculine singular)
frestaðrar (feminine genitive singular)
frestaðs (genitive neuter singular)
frestaðra (genitive masculine plural)
frestaðra (feminine genitive plural)
frestaðra (genitive neuter plural)
frestaði (masculine nominative singular)
frestaða (feminine nominative singular)
frestaða (neuter nominative singular)
frestuðu (masculine nominative plural)
frestuðu (feminine nominative plural)
frestuðu (neuter nominative plural)
frestaða (accusative masculine singular)
frestuðu (accusative feminine singular)
frestaða (accusative neuter singular)
frestuðu (accusative masculine plural)
frestuðu (accusative feminine plural)
frestuðu (accusative neuter plural)
frestaða (dative masculine singular)
frestuðu (dative feminine singular)
frestaða (dative neuter singular)
frestuðu (dative masculine plural)
frestuðu (dative feminine plural)
frestuðu (dative neuter plural)
frestaða (genitive masculine singular)
frestuðu (feminine genitive singular)
frestaða (genitive neuter singular)
frestuðu (genitive masculine plural)
frestuðu (feminine genitive plural)
frestuðu (genitive neuter plural)

ipa: [ˈfrɛsta]

rhymes: -ɛsta


fresta

links: frestur frestur#Icelandic

head

noun form

expansion: fresta


fresta

links: gap gap

links: slit slit

links: aperture aperture#English

glosses: gap, slit (small, narrow, usually vertical aperture in a wall, curtain or other object through which one can see)

links: architecture architecture

links:
lancet window
lancet window

pt-noun

expansion: fresta f (plural frestas)

forms: frestas (plural)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Etruscan *𐌚𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌀 (*fnestra)bor.?
Latin fenestra
Old Galician-Portuguese fẽestra
Portuguese fresta
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese fẽestra (“window”) with metathesis, from Latin fenestra (“window”), of Etruscan origin.
Cognate with Galician fiestra, Spanish hiniestra, Catalan finestra, Occitan fenèstra, French fenêtre, Italian finestra, Romanian fereastră and German Fenster.

etymon

pt

:inh

expansion:
Etymology tree
Etruscan *𐌚𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌀 (*fnestra)bor.?
Latin fenestra
Old Galician-Portuguese fẽestra
Portuguese fresta
[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "id" : "window", "children" : [ ], "status" : "redlink", "lang_name" : "Etruscan", "term" : "*𐌚𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌀", "lang" : "ett" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "fenestra", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Galician-Portuguese", "term" : "fẽestra", "lang" : "roa-opt" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Portuguese", "term" : "fresta", "lang" : "pt" }" data-id="window" data-lang="pt" data-title="fresta" id="Portuguese:_window">

yesno

i

I

expansion: I

glossary

Inherited

expansion: Inherited

inh

fẽestra

window

inh

fenestra

expansion: Latin fenestra (“window”)

der

ett

expansion: Etruscan

lg

Cognate

expansion: Cognate

cog

gl

fiestra

expansion: Galician fiestra

es

hiniestra

expansion: Spanish hiniestra

ca

finestra

expansion: Catalan finestra

oc

fenèstra

expansion: Occitan fenèstra

fr

fenêtre

expansion: French fenêtre

it

expansion: Italian finestra

ro

fereastră

expansion: Romanian fereastră

de

Fenster

expansion: German Fenster

rhymes: (Brazil) -ɛstɐ

rhymes: (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -ɛʃtɐ

parts: fres ta


fresta

text: Hamburgaren på bordet frestade honom

translation: The hamburger on the table tempted him

english: The hamburger on the table tempted him

text: Det där är väldigt frestande

translation: That is very tempting

english: That is very tempting

text: Campagnola, fiuggirola, quattro stagioni, marinara, capricciosa, kan inte låta bli. Jag blir fascinerad. Känner hunger, känner törst. Det gör mig passionerad. Det gör mig fylld av lust. Pescatore, vesuvio, la bussola, pompei. Vad ni frestar mig. Siciliana, al tonne [sic], vegetariano. Jag får aldrig nog. Mamma mia! Pizzeria! Cannelloni, macaroni och lasagne. I Paris, i New York City, London och Bombay har man specialmenyer. Ingenting för mig! Ge mig macaroni, cannelloni och lasagne. Spaghetti och därmed pasta [pun on och därmed basta]! Bara nämn dom vid namn. Pescatore, vesuvio ... [as before]

ref: 1986, Lasse Holm, “Cannelloni, macaroni”:

english: Campagnola, fiuggirola, quattro stagioni, marinara, capricciosa, can't help myself. I am [become] fascinated. Feeling hunger, feeling thirst. It makes me passionate. It makes me filled [sic] with desire. Pescatore, vesuvio, la bussola, pompei. How you tempt me. Siciliana, al tonne [sic], vegetariano. I never get enough. Mamma mia! Pizzeria! Cannelloni, macaroni and lasagna. In Paris, in New York City, London and Bombay they [one] have special menus. Not [something] for me! Give me macaroni, cannelloni and lasagna. Spaghetti, and that's final! Just mention them by name. Pescatore, vesuvio ... [as before]

links: tempt tempt

text: Fresta inte mitt tålamod

translation: Do not test/try/strain my patience

english: Do not test/try/strain my patience

text: att fresta Gud

translation: to tempt God

english: to tempt God

links: test test

links: try try

links: strain strain

head

sv

verbs

present

frestar

frestade

frestat

fresta

expansion: fresta (present frestar, preterite frestade, supine frestat, imperative fresta)

forms:
frestar (present)
frestade (preterite)
frestat (supine)
fresta (imperative)
fresta (active infinitive)
frestas (infinitive passive)
frestat (active supine)
frestats (passive supine)
fresta (active imperative)
fresten (active archaic imperative plural)
frestar (active indicative present)
frestade (active indicative past)
frestas (indicative passive present)
frestades (indicative passive past)
fresta (active archaic indicative plural present)
frestade (active archaic indicative past plural)
frestas (archaic indicative passive plural present)
frestades (archaic indicative passive past plural)
freste (active dated present subjunctive)
frestade (active dated past subjunctive)
frestes (dated passive present subjunctive)
frestades (dated passive past subjunctive)
frestande (active participle past present)
frestad (active participle past)

frestande

english: tempting

translation: tempting

frestelse

english: temptation

translation: temptation

etymology_text: From Old Norse freista, from Proto-Germanic *fraistōną.

inh

freista

expansion: Old Norse freista

gem-pro

*fraistōną

expansion: Proto-Germanic *fraistōną

ipa: /ˈfrɛsta/


seinka

links: delay delay

head

is

verb

seinkaði

seinkað

expansion: seinka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative seinkaði, supine seinkað)

is-verb-weak

seinkaði

seinkað

forms:
seinkaði (indicative past singular third-person)
seinkað (supine)
seinkaður (masculine nominative singular)
seinkuð (feminine nominative singular)
seinkað (neuter nominative singular)
seinkaðir (masculine nominative plural)
seinkaðar (feminine nominative plural)
seinkuð (neuter nominative plural)
seinkaðan (accusative masculine singular)
seinkaða (accusative feminine singular)
seinkað (accusative neuter singular)
seinkaða (accusative masculine plural)
seinkaðar (accusative feminine plural)
seinkuð (accusative neuter plural)
seinkuðum (dative masculine singular)
seinkaðri (dative feminine singular)
seinkuðu (dative neuter singular)
seinkuðum (dative masculine plural)
seinkuðum (dative feminine plural)
seinkuðum (dative neuter plural)
seinkaðs (genitive masculine singular)
seinkaðrar (feminine genitive singular)
seinkaðs (genitive neuter singular)
seinkaðra (genitive masculine plural)
seinkaðra (feminine genitive plural)
seinkaðra (genitive neuter plural)
seinkaði (masculine nominative singular)
seinkaða (feminine nominative singular)
seinkaða (neuter nominative singular)
seinkuðu (masculine nominative plural)
seinkuðu (feminine nominative plural)
seinkuðu (neuter nominative plural)
seinkaða (accusative masculine singular)
seinkuðu (accusative feminine singular)
seinkaða (accusative neuter singular)
seinkuðu (accusative masculine plural)
seinkuðu (accusative feminine plural)
seinkuðu (accusative neuter plural)
seinkaða (dative masculine singular)
seinkuðu (dative feminine singular)
seinkaða (dative neuter singular)
seinkuðu (dative masculine plural)
seinkuðu (dative feminine plural)
seinkuðu (dative neuter plural)
seinkaða (genitive masculine singular)
seinkuðu (feminine genitive singular)
seinkaða (genitive neuter singular)
seinkuðu (genitive masculine plural)
seinkuðu (feminine genitive plural)
seinkuðu (genitive neuter plural)


spjallborð

links: forum forum

is-noun

expansion: spjallborð n (genitive singular spjallborðs, nominative plural spjallborð)

forms:
spjallborðs (genitive singular)
spjallborð (nominative plural)
spjallborð (indefinite nominative singular)
spjallborðið (definite nominative singular)
spjallborð (indefinite nominative plural)
spjallborðin (definite nominative plural)
spjallborð (accusative indefinite singular)
spjallborðið (accusative definite singular)
spjallborð (accusative indefinite plural)
spjallborðin (accusative definite plural)
spjallborði (dative indefinite singular)
spjallborðinu (dative definite singular)
spjallborðum (dative indefinite plural)
spjallborðunum (dative definite plural)
spjallborðs (genitive indefinite singular)
spjallborðsins (definite genitive singular)
spjallborða (genitive indefinite plural)
spjallborðanna (definite genitive plural)

is-ndecl

n


taishō

links: Rōmaji romaji

links: たいしょう たいしょう#Japanese

head

ja

romanization

expansion: taishō


estis

links: esti esti#Esperanto

eo-head

expansion: estis

ipa: /ˈestis/

rhymes: -estis


estis

links: sum sum#Latin

glosses: second-person plural present active indicative of sum

head

la

verb form

etymology_text: From Proto-Italic *(e)stes, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁stés, second-person dual of Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

inh

itc-pro

*ezom

*(e)stes

expansion: Proto-Italic *(e)stes

ine-pro

expansion: Proto-Indo-European *h₁stés

expansion: Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti

note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical


estis

links: edō edo#Latin

glosses: second-person plural present active indicative of edō

head

head: ēstis

expansion: ēstis

forms: ēstis (canonical)


estis

links: ēstus estus#Latin

glosses: dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of ēstus

participle form

head: ēstīs

expansion: ēstīs

forms: ēstīs (canonical)


færa

+obj

acc

expansion: [with accusative]

links: move move

links: relocate relocate

raw_glosses: to move (a thing between places), to relocate [with accusative]

text: Færðu gestinum eitthvað að drekka.

translation: Bring the guest something to drink.

english: Bring the guest something to drink.

dat<someone> + acc<something>

links: hand hand

links: give give

links: bring bring

links: present present

raw_glosses: to hand, to give, to bring, to present [with dative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’]

færði

fært

expansion: færa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative færði, supine fært)

is-verb-weak

færði

fært

forms:
færði (indicative past singular third-person)
fært (supine)
færður (masculine nominative singular)
færð (feminine nominative singular)
fært (neuter nominative singular)
færðir (masculine nominative plural)
færðar (feminine nominative plural)
færð (neuter nominative plural)
færðan (accusative masculine singular)
færða (accusative feminine singular)
fært (accusative neuter singular)
færða (accusative masculine plural)
færðar (accusative feminine plural)
færð (accusative neuter plural)
færðum (dative masculine singular)
færðri (dative feminine singular)
færðu (dative neuter singular)
færðum (dative masculine plural)
færðum (dative feminine plural)
færðum (dative neuter plural)
færðs (genitive masculine singular)
færðrar (feminine genitive singular)
færðs (genitive neuter singular)
færðra (genitive masculine plural)
færðra (feminine genitive plural)
færðra (genitive neuter plural)
færði (masculine nominative singular)
færða (feminine nominative singular)
færða (neuter nominative singular)
færðu (masculine nominative plural)
færðu (feminine nominative plural)
færðu (neuter nominative plural)
færða (accusative masculine singular)
færðu (accusative feminine singular)
færða (accusative neuter singular)
færðu (accusative masculine plural)
færðu (accusative feminine plural)
færðu (accusative neuter plural)
færða (dative masculine singular)
færðu (dative feminine singular)
færða (dative neuter singular)
færðu (dative masculine plural)
færðu (dative feminine plural)
færðu (dative neuter plural)
færða (genitive masculine singular)
færðu (feminine genitive singular)
færða (genitive neuter singular)
færðu (genitive masculine plural)
færðu (feminine genitive plural)
færðu (genitive neuter plural)

etymology_text: From Old Norse fœra, from Proto-Germanic *fōrijaną.

inh

non

fœra

expansion: Old Norse fœra

der

*fōrijaną

expansion: Proto-Germanic *fōrijaną

ipa: [ˈfaiːra]

rhymes: -aiːra


færa

links: færi færi#Icelandic

head

noun form

expansion: færa

etymology_text: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


færa

head

ang

head: fǣra

expansion: fǣra

forms: fǣra (canonical)


estus

eo-head

expansion: estus

ipa: /ˈestus/

rhymes: -estus


estus

links: eat eat

edō

extra: to eat

la-part

ēstus

expansion: ēstus (feminine ēsta, neuter ēstum); first/second-declension participle

forms:
ēstus (canonical)
ēsta (feminine)
ēstum (neuter)
ēstus (masculine nominative singular)
ēsta (feminine nominative singular)
ēstum (neuter nominative singular)
ēstī (masculine nominative plural)
ēstae (feminine nominative plural)
ēsta (neuter nominative plural)
ēstī (genitive masculine singular)
ēstae (feminine genitive singular)
ēstī (genitive neuter singular)
ēstōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ēstārum (feminine genitive plural)
ēstōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ēstō (dative masculine singular)
ēstae (dative feminine singular)
ēstō (dative neuter singular)
ēstīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ēstum (accusative masculine singular)
ēstam (accusative feminine singular)
ēstum (accusative neuter singular)
ēstōs (accusative masculine plural)
ēstās (accusative feminine plural)
ēsta (accusative neuter plural)
ēstō (ablative masculine singular)
ēstā (ablative feminine singular)
ēstō (ablative neuter singular)
ēstīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ēste (masculine singular vocative)
ēsta (feminine singular vocative)
ēstum (neuter singular vocative)
ēstī (masculine plural vocative)
ēstae (feminine plural vocative)
ēsta (neuter plural vocative)
ēsus (alternative)
ēssus (alternative)

la-adecl

pos: participle

etymology_text: Perfect passive participle of edō (“to eat”).


estu

links: aestu aestu#Aromanian

head

rup

noun

feminine

estã

masculine plural

eshti

or

eshtsã

feminine plural

esti

or

este

expansion: estu (feminine estã, masculine plural eshti or eshtsã, feminine plural esti or este)

forms:
estã (feminine)
eshti (masculine plural)
eshtsã (masculine plural)
esti (feminine plural)
este (feminine plural)


estu

text: Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo, Via nomo estu sanktigita.

translation: Our Father, who is in heaven, may Your name be kept holy.

eo-head

expansion: estu

ipa: /ˈestu/

rhymes: -estu

hyphenation: es‧tu est‧u


estu

head

head: ēstū

expansion: ēstū

forms: ēstū (canonical)

parts: ēs tū


estu

links: be be

xvo

expansion: estu (3rd person singular future active imperative)

etymology_text: From Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Latin estō, the future imperative of Latin sum.

der

expansion: Proto-Italic *ezom

cog

estō

expansion: Latin estō

sum

expansion: Latin sum


対照

links: contrast contrast

links: comparison comparison

links: antithesis antithesis

links: control control

ja-noun

たいしょう

expansion: 対(たい)照(しょう) • (taishō)

forms:
対照 (canonical)
taishō (romanization)
對照 (alternative kanji kyūjitai)

etymology_text: From 対(たい) (tai, “place in opposition and compare”) + 照(しょう) (shō, “check one thing against another”).

ja-compound

対

たい

照

しょう

t1: place in opposition and compare

t2: check one thing against another

ipa: [ta̠iɕo̞ː]

other: たいしょー


対照

links: compare compare

ja-verb-suru

expansion: 対(たい)照(しょう)する • (taishō suru) suru (stem 対(たい)照(しょう)し (taishō shi), past 対(たい)照(しょう)した (taishō shita))

forms:
対照する suru (canonical)
taishō suru (romanization)
対照し (stem)
対照した (past)
対照し (imperfective)
たいしょうし (imperfective)
taishō shi (imperfective)
対照し (continuative)
たいしょうし (continuative)
taishō shi (continuative)
対照する (terminative)
たいしょうする (terminative)
taishō suru (terminative)
対照する (attributive)
たいしょうする (attributive)
taishō suru (attributive)
対照すれ (hypothetical)
たいしょうすれ (hypothetical)
taishō sure (hypothetical)
対照せよ (imperative literary)
対照しろ (colloquial imperative)
たいしょうせよ (imperative literary)
たいしょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
taishō seyo (imperative literary)
taishō shiro (colloquial imperative)
対照される (passive)
たいしょうされる (passive)
taishō sareru (passive)
対照させる (causative)
対照さす (causative)
たいしょうさせる (causative)
たいしょうさす (causative)
taishō saseru (causative)
taishō sasu (causative)
対照できる (potential)
たいしょうできる (potential)
taishō dekiru (potential)
対照しよう (volitional)
たいしょうしよう (volitional)
taishō shiyō (volitional)
対照しない (negative)
たいしょうしない (negative)
taishō shinai (negative)
対照せず (continuative negative)
たいしょうせず (continuative negative)
taishō sezu (continuative negative)
対照します (formal)
たいしょうします (formal)
taishō shimasu (formal)
対照した (perfective)
たいしょうした (perfective)
taishō shita (perfective)
対照して (conjunctive)
たいしょうして (conjunctive)
taishō shite (conjunctive)
対照すれば (conditional hypothetical)
たいしょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
taishō sureba (conditional hypothetical)
對照 (alternative kanji kyūjitai)

expansion: 対(たい) (tai, “place in opposition and compare”) + 照(しょう) (shō, “check one thing against another”)


title: 対照する

redirect: 対照

pos: hard-redirect


大正

links: just just

links: fair fair

links: honest honest

head

zh

adjective

expansion: 大正

不阿

roman: bù'ē

中和

roman: zhōnghé

中正

roman: zhōngzhèng

公允

roman: gōngyǔn

公平

roman: gōngpíng

公正

roman: gōngzhèng

公直

roman: gōngzhí

公道

roman: gōngdao

平允

roman: píngyǔn

平正

roman: píngzhèng

持平

roman: chípíng

持正

roman: chízhèng

不平

roman: bùpíng

偏曲

roman: piānqū

zh_pron: dàzhèng

zh_pron: ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄥˋ

zh_pron: dàjhèng

zh_pron: dà-jèng

zh_pron: dahjenq

zh_pron: дачжэн

roman: dačžɛn

ipa: /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/


大正

links: name name

links: ancient ancient

links: official official

links: title title

raw_glosses: (historical) name of an ancient official title

ipa: /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/


大正

links: Taishō Taishō

links: 太白星 太白星#Chinese

links: Venus Venus

raw_glosses: (literary) Alternative name for 太白星 (Tàibáixīng, “Venus”).

太白星

extra: Tàibáixīng, “Venus”

pos: name

proper noun

ipa: /tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/


大正

links: send send

links: punitive punitive

links: expedition expedition

zh_pron: dàzhēng

zh_pron: ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄥ

zh_pron: dàjheng

zh_pron: dà-jēng

zh_pron: dahjeng

ipa: /tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/


大正

wikipedia:
Taishō era
ja:大正

ja-pos

proper

たいしょう

expansion: 大(たい)正(しょう) • (Taishō)

forms:
大正 (canonical)
Taishō (romanization)

大正浪漫

roman: Taishō roman

ruby: 大 たい

ruby: 正 しょう

ruby: 浪 ろ

ruby: 漫 まん

明治

roman: era preceding Taishō

ruby: 明治 めいじ

昭和

roman: era following Taishō

ruby: 昭和 しょうわ


大正

links:
chữ Hán
chữ Hán#Vietnamese

links:
Đại Chính
Đại Chính#Vietnamese:_大正

links: era era

links: Japanese Japanese

links: history history

glosses: chữ Hán form of Đại Chính (“Taishō era of Japanese history”)

head

vi


対称

links: mathematics mathematics

links: symmetric symmetric

ja-adj

expansion: 対(たい)称(しょう) • (taishō) -na (adnominal 対(たい)称(しょう)な (taishō na), adverbial 対(たい)称(しょう)に (taishō ni))

forms:
対称 (canonical)
taishō (romanization)
対称な (adnominal)
対称に (adverbial)
対称だろ (imperfective stem)
たいしょうだろ (imperfective stem)
taishō daro (imperfective stem)
対称で (continuative stem)
たいしょうで (continuative stem)
taishō de (continuative stem)
対称だ (stem terminative)
たいしょうだ (stem terminative)
taishō da (stem terminative)
対称な (attributive stem)
たいしょうな (attributive stem)
taishō na (attributive stem)
対称なら (hypothetical stem)
たいしょうなら (hypothetical stem)
taishō nara (hypothetical stem)
対称であれ (imperative stem)
たいしょうであれ (imperative stem)
taishō de are (imperative stem)
対称ではない (informal negative)
対称じゃない (informal negative)
たいしょうではない (informal negative)
たいしょうじゃない (informal negative)
taishō de wa nai (informal negative)
taishō ja nai (informal negative)
対称だった (informal past)
たいしょうだった (informal past)
taishō datta (informal past)
対称ではなかった (informal negative past)
対称じゃなかった (informal negative past)
たいしょうではなかった (informal negative past)
たいしょうじゃなかった (informal negative past)
taishō de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
taishō ja nakatta (informal negative past)
対称です (formal)
たいしょうです (formal)
taishō desu (formal)
対称ではありません (formal negative)
対称じゃありません (formal negative)
たいしょうではありません (formal negative)
たいしょうじゃありません (formal negative)
taishō de wa arimasen (formal negative)
taishō ja arimasen (formal negative)
対称でした (formal past)
たいしょうでした (formal past)
taishō deshita (formal past)
対称ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
対称じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
たいしょうではありませんでした (formal negative past)
たいしょうじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
taishō de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
taishō ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
対称で (conjunctive)
たいしょうで (conjunctive)
taishō de (conjunctive)
対称なら（ば） (conditional)
たいしょうなら（ば） (conditional)
taishō nara (ba) (conditional)
対称だったら (conditional past)
たいしょうだったら (conditional past)
taishō dattara (conditional past)
対称だろう (volitional)
たいしょうだろう (volitional)
taishō darō (volitional)
対称に (adverbial)
たいしょうに (adverbial)
taishō ni (adverbial)
対称さ (noun-from-adj)
たいしょうさ (noun-from-adj)
taishōsa (noun-from-adj)
對稱 (alternative kanji kyūjitai)

他称

roman: tashō

自称

roman: jishō

対称詞

roman: taishōshi

ruby: 対称詞 たいしょうし

二人称

roman: nininshō

ruby: 二人称 ににんしょう


対称

links: symmetry symmetry

ja-noun

expansion: 対(たい)称(しょう) • (taishō)

forms:
対称 (canonical)
taishō (romanization)
對稱 (alternative kanji kyūjitai)


隊商

links: caravan caravan

glosses: a merchant caravan, such as one travelling through a desert

expansion: 隊(たい)商(しょう) • (taishō)

forms:
隊商 (canonical)
taishō (romanization)


隊商

links: hanja hanja#English

links: 대상 대상#Korean

대상

extra: caravan

ko-noun

hangeul: 대상

expansion: 隊商 • (daesang) (hangeul 대상)

forms:
daesang (romanization)
대상 (hangeul)


定価

text:
定価で売る
ていかでうる
teika de uru
Sell at a fixed price

links: fixed fixed

links: price price

links: set set

links: list list

links: regular regular

links: established established

glosses: fixed price, set price, list price, regular price, established price (as opposed to a price after discount)

ja-noun

ていか

expansion: 定(てい)価(か) • (teika)

forms:
定価 (canonical)
teika (romanization)
定價 (alternative kanji kyūjitai)

etymology_text: From tei (定, fixed) + ka (価, monetary value).

ipa: [te̞ːka̠]

other: てーか


heavenly bodies

links:
heavenly body
heavenly body#English

head

en

expansion: heavenly bodies


-el

text: runnel, shovel, dotel

links: -le -le#English

glosses: Suffix forming nouns, originally denoting an instrument, from verbs, usually spelt -le except after n and e.

text: hatchel, hovel, gomerel

-cule

english: suffixes

translation: suffixes

mini-

english: prefixes

translation: prefixes

glosses: Diminutive suffix in words of Germanic origin.

pos: suffix

suffix

cat2: unproductive suffixes

cat3: noun-forming suffixes

expansion: -el

etymology_text: From Middle English -el, from Old English -el, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

inh

enm

-el

expansion: Middle English -el

ang

expansion: Old English -el

gem-pro

*-ilaz

expansion: Proto-Germanic *-ilaz

forms:
-le (alternative)
-al (alternative)

ipa: /əl/

ipa: /l̩/


-el

text: cupel, chapel, tunnel

glosses: Suffix, originally diminutive, in words of mostly Romance origin.

etymology_text:
From Middle English -el, a merger of two suffixes:
* Old English -el (diminutive suffix)
* Old French -el (diminutive suffix), from Latin -ellus

pos: diminutive suffix

expansion: Old English -el (diminutive suffix)

der

fro

expansion: Old French -el (diminutive suffix)

la

-ellus

expansion: Latin -ellus


-el

text: n'kezalmô

english: I love

translation: I love

text: k'kezalmel

english: I love you (singular)

translation: I love you (singular)

links: k- k-

glosses: Used on verbs, together with the prefix k-, to indicate that the first person singular (I) is the actor and the second person singular (you) is the object of the verb.

head

abe


-el

text: broad (“nation”) + -el → broadel (“national”)

links: -al -al

br

etymology_text: Cf. French -el (e.g. sexuel, individuel, industriel)

cog

fr

-el

expansion: French -el


-el

text: elven (“element”) + -el → elvennel (“elemental”)

text: breus (“judgement”) + -el → breusel (“critical”)

links: -al -al#English

head

kw

etymology_text: Likely borrowed from English -al.

bor

en

-al

expansion: English -al


-el

text: koza + -el → kozel

text: pleva + -el → plevel

text: koupat + -el → koupel

cs-noun

m-an,m-in,f

expansion: -el m anim or m inan or f (noun-forming suffix)

cs-ndecl

f

forms:
-el (nominative singular)
-lové (nominative plural)
-la (genitive singular)
-lů (genitive plural)
-lovi (dative singular)
-lu (dative singular)
-lům (dative plural)
-la (accusative singular)
-ly (accusative plural)
-le (singular vocative)
-lové (plural vocative)
-lovi (locative singular)
-lu (locative singular)
-lech (locative plural)
-lem (instrumental singular)
-ly (instrumental plural)
-el (nominative singular)
-ly (nominative plural)
-lu (genitive singular)
-lů (genitive plural)
-lu (dative singular)
-lům (dative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-ly (accusative plural)
-le (singular vocative)
-ly (plural vocative)
-lu (locative singular)
-lech (locative plural)
-lem (instrumental singular)
-ly (instrumental plural)
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-ele (genitive singular)
-elů (genitive plural)
-eli (dative singular)
-elům (dative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-ele (accusative plural)
-eli (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)
-eli (locative singular)
-elích (locative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-eli (instrumental plural)
-el (nominative singular)
-le (nominative plural)
-le (genitive singular)
-lů (genitive plural)
-li (dative singular)
-lům (dative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-le (accusative plural)
-li (singular vocative)
-le (plural vocative)
-li (locative singular)
-lích (locative plural)
-lem (instrumental singular)
-li (instrumental plural)
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-ele (genitive singular)
-elí (genitive plural)
-eli (dative singular)
-elím (dative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-ele (accusative plural)
-eli (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)
-eli (locative singular)
-elích (locative plural)
-elí (instrumental singular)
-elemi (instrumental plural)

etymology_text: Inherited from Old Czech -el, from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ. This suffix should be etymologically masculine. In the Old Czech, it was and the similar feminine suffix was -ěl, but these two suffixes have merged into one today. See e.g. Old Czech kúpěl –> koupel (instead of expected koupěl).

yesno

i

expansion: I

glossary

Inherited

expansion: Inherited

inh

cs

zlw-ocs

expansion: Old Czech -el

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Old Czech -el

inh

sla-pro

*-ьlъ, *-ъlъ

expansion: Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ, *-ъlъ

ipa: [ ɛl]


-el

head

da

da-adj-infl

-ell

da-noun-infl

et

er

da-noun-infl-base

g: n

sg-indef: -el

sg-def: -ellet

pl-indef: -eller

pl-def: -ellerne

gen-sg-indef: -els

gen-sg-def: -ellets

gen-pl-indef: -ellers

gen-pl-def: -ellernes

forms:
-el (positive)
-elt (positive)
-elle (plural positive)
-elle (positive)
-el (indefinite nominative singular)
-ellet (definite nominative singular)
-eller (indefinite nominative plural)
-ellerne (definite nominative plural)
-els (genitive indefinite singular)
-ellets (definite genitive singular)
-ellers (genitive indefinite plural)
-ellernes (definite genitive plural)

etymology_text: From French -el, from Latin -ālis.

der

fr

-ālis

expansion: Latin -ālis

ipa: /el/

ipa: [ˈɛlˀ]


-el

text: koren + -el → korrel

text: sluiten + -el → sleutel

head

nl

unproductive

expansion: -el (unproductive)

etymology_text: From Old Dutch *-el, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

inh

odt

*-el

expansion: Old Dutch *-el

gmw-pro

*-il

expansion: Proto-West Germanic *-il

ipa: [əɫ]

ipa: [ɔɫ]


-el

text: -el is the ending for correlatives of manner or degree

head

eo

expansion: -el

kiel

english: in what way, in what manner, how

translation: in what way, in what manner, how

tiel

english: in that way, in that manner, thus

translation: in that way, in that manner, thus

ĉiel

english: in every way, in every manner

translation: in every way, in every manner

iel

english: in some way, in some manner, somehow

translation: in some way, in some manner, somehow

neniel

english: in no way, nohow

translation: in no way, nohow

aliel

sense: nonce

english: in another way, somehow else

translation: in another way, somehow else

rhymes: -el


-el

links: el el#Franco-Provençal

pos: pron

frp

pronoun form

expansion: -el f


-el

fr-adj

expansion: -el (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -elle, masculine plural -els, feminine plural -elles)

forms:
-elle (feminine)
-els (masculine plural)
-elles (feminine plural)

־על

roman: -el

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Old French -el
French -el
Inherited from Old French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -al.

etymon

:inh

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Old French -el
French -el
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fr" }" data-id="al" data-lang="fr" data-title="-el" id="French:_al">

yesno

I

inh

expansion: Old French -el

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Old French -el

dbt

-al

expansion: Doublet of -al

ipa: /ɛl/

audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--el.wav


-el

text: Kind (“child”) + -el → Kindel (“little child, darling”)

text: Haus (“house”) + -el → Häusel (“little house”)

links: regional regional#English

raw_glosses: (productive, regional, Upper German) suffix in diminutives

qualifier: productive

text: Arm (“arm”) + -el → Ärmel (“sleeve”)

text: Eiche (“oak”) + -el → Eichel (“acorn”)

glosses: suffix in nouns indicating appurtenance, i.e. accessories or things subordinate to a bigger entity

text: Büttel, Meißel, Weisel

head

de

g2: m

suffix

cat2: noun-forming suffixes

expansion: -el n or m

etymology_text: From Middle High German -el, from Old High German -il, direct descendant of Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, or from dialectal variants of -lein, which as well ultimately go back to *-ilaz or to *-ilingaz.

inh

gmh

expansion: Middle High German -el

goh

-il

expansion: Old High German -il

expansion: Proto-Germanic *-ilaz


-el

text: keres (“to seek”) + -el → keresel (“you seek, you are seeking”)

raw_glosses: (personal suffix) Forms the second-person singular present tense of verbs ending in s, sz, z, dz (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

text: ebéd (“lunch”) + -el → ebédel (“to eat lunch”)

links: noun noun#English

links: verb verb#English

raw_glosses: (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.

qualifier: verb-forming suffix

text: lep (“to cover”) + -el → lepel (“wrap”)

raw_glosses: (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun. No longer productive in this role.

qualifier: noun-forming suffix

head

hu

cat3: verb-forming suffixes

etymology_text: From -e- + -l.

af

-l

nocat: y

ipa: [ɛl]

rhymes: -ɛl


-el

text: Lepel, Snavel, Stickel

glosses: Suffix forming nouns originally denoting an agent from verbs.

head

nds

g: m

expansion: -el m

etymology_text: From Middle Low German -el, from Old Saxon -il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

inh

gml

expansion: Middle Low German -el

osx

expansion: Old Saxon -il

gem-pro


-el

links: Jung Jung

links: Deern Deern

links: Lehrjung Lehrjung

links: Lehrdeern Lehrdeern

glosses: A suffix that describes a male person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added. Now often replaced by a compound with Jung for a male person, and Deern for a female person such as Lehrjung, Lehrdeern (male/female pupil).

etymology_text: From Middle Low German -ling. Result of resegmentation of nouns with -el and -ing suffixes. See the English suffix -ling. Akin to English, Dutch and German -ling.

-ling

expansion: Middle Low German -ling


-el

glosses: Forms adjectives meaning "tending to" or "able to" from verbs.

head

enm

cat2: adjective-forming suffixes

etymology_text: From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-ul, from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.

etymid

adjectival

ang

expansion: Old English -el

*-ul

expansion: Proto-West Germanic *-ul

*-ulaz

expansion: Proto-Germanic *-ulaz

forms: -le (alternative)


-el

glosses: Forms diminutives from verbs or other nouns.

glosses: Forms agent nouns from verbs or other nouns.

head

expansion: -el

etymology_text: From Old English -el, -ol, from Proto-West Germanic *-il, from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.

agentive

inh

expansion: Proto-West Germanic *-il

forms:
-ell (alternative)
-il (alternative)
-ill (alternative)
-le (alternative)
-ul (alternative)
-yl (alternative)
-yll (alternative)
-ylle (alternative)


-el

etymology_text: From Old French -el, -ele, from Latin -ālis and -ellus, -ella.

etymid

diminutive

bor

fro

der

la

expansion: Latin -ālis

forms:
-ele (alternative)
-ell (alternative)
-elle (alternative)
-eylle (alternative)
-le (alternative)
-yll (alternative)
-ylle (alternative)

ipa: /-ˈɛːl(ə)/


-el

head

nrf

etymology_text: From Old French -el, from Latin -ālis.

inh

expansion: Old French -el


-el

text: koza + -el → kozel

text: s- + viezti + -el → sviezel

zlw-ocs-noun

m-pr,m-anml,m-in

expansion: -el m pers or m animal or m inan (noun-forming suffix)

forms:
-el (canonical masculine person)
m animal (canonical)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Slavic *-lъ
Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ
Old Czech -el
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ.

ety

zlw-ocs

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Slavic *-lъ
Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ
Old Czech -el
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-lъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ьlъ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Czech", "term" : "-el", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-ocs" }" data-lang="zlw-ocs" data-title="-el">
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьlъ.


-el

head

ang

etymology_text: From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.

inh

expansion: Proto-Germanic *-a-l-


-el

text: crēopan (“to creep”) + -el → crypel (“cripple”)

text: bēodan (“to command”) + -el → bydel (“herald, messenger”)

text: spittan (“to dig”) + -el → spitel (“shovel”)

text: hladan (“to lade”) + -el → hlædel (“ladle”)

text: þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend”) + -el → þrīpel (“instrument of punishment, cross”)

raw_glosses: (causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs

qualifier: causes i-mutation

ang-decl-noun

-el

-elas,-las

-elas,-las

-eles,-les

-ela,-la

-ele,-le

-elum,-lum

forms:
-el (nominative singular)
-elas (nominative plural)
-las (nominative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-elas (accusative plural)
-las (accusative plural)
-eles (genitive singular)
-les (genitive singular)
-ela (genitive plural)
-la (genitive plural)
-ele (dative singular)
-le (dative singular)
-elum (dative plural)
-lum (dative plural)
-il (alternative)

etymology_text: From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.


-el

links: adjective adjective#English

head

fro

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Old French -el
Inherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.

etymon

la:-ālis<id:adjectivizing suffix>

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Old French -el
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" }" data-id="adjective" data-lang="fro" data-title="-el" id="Old_French:_adjective">
Inherited from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Italic *-ālis, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.

ipa: /ˈɛl/


-el

links: diminutive diminutive#English

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -lus
Latin -ellus
Old French -el
Inherited from Latin -ellus, from -lus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-elós, from *-lós.

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Indo-European *-elós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -lus
Latin -ellus
Old French -el
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-elos", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-lus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ellus", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" }" data-id="diminutive" data-lang="fro" data-title="-el" id="Old_French:_diminutive">
Inherited from Latin -ellus, from -lus, from Proto-Italic *-elos, from Proto-Indo-European *-elós, from *-lós.


-el

text: śmierdzieć + -el → śmierdziel

links: masculine masculine#English

links:
agent noun
agent noun#English

head

pl

pl-decl-noun-m-pr

-e

l

nomp: -ele/-elowie

genp: -eli/-elów

forms:
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-elowie (nominative plural)
-ela (genitive singular)
-eli (genitive plural)
-elów (genitive plural)
-elowi (dative singular)
-elom (dative plural)
-ela (accusative singular)
-eli (accusative plural)
-elów (accusative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-elami (instrumental plural)
-elu (locative singular)
-elach (locative plural)
-elu (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)
-elowie (plural vocative)
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-ela (genitive singular)
-eli (genitive plural)
-elowi (dative singular)
-elom (dative plural)
-ela (accusative singular)
-ele (accusative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-elami (instrumental plural)
-elu (locative singular)
-elach (locative plural)
-elu (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)
-el (nominative singular)
-ele (nominative plural)
-elu (genitive singular)
-eli (genitive plural)
-elowi (dative singular)
-elom (dative plural)
-el (accusative singular)
-ele (accusative plural)
-elem (instrumental singular)
-elami (instrumental plural)
-elu (locative singular)
-elach (locative plural)
-elu (singular vocative)
-ele (plural vocative)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Slavic *-ělъ
Polish -el
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ.

ety

expansion:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Slavic *-ělъ
Polish -el
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "pl" }" data-id="nominal" data-lang="pl" data-title="-el" id="Polish:_nominal">
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ.


-el

glosses: Forms the third-person singular present indicative of consonantal oikoclitic verbs

head

rom

cat2: inflectional suffixes


-el

links: diminutive diminutive

links: băiat băiat#Romanian

links: băiețel băiețel#Romanian

glosses: used to form a masculine diminutive of a word (e.g. băiat (“boy”) + -el → băiețel (“little boy”)

ro

plural

-ei

feminine

-ea

feminine plural

-ele

cat2: diminutive suffixes

expansion: -el m (plural -ei, feminine -ea, feminine plural -ele)

forms:
-ei (plural)
-ea (feminine)
-ele (feminine plural)
-el (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-elul (accusative definite nominative singular)
-ei (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
-eii (accusative definite nominative plural)
-el (dative genitive indefinite singular)
-elului (dative definite genitive singular)
-ei (dative genitive indefinite plural)
-eilor (dative definite genitive plural)
-elule (singular vocative)
-eilor (plural vocative)

ro-decl-noun

nsi: -el

nsd: -elul

npi: -ei

npd: -eii

gsi: -el

gsd: -elului

gpi: -ei

gpd: -eilor

vs: -elule

vp: -eilor

etymology_text: Inherited from Latin -ellus.

yesno

i

expansion: I

glossary

Inherited

expansion: Inherited

inh

expansion: Latin -ellus

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Latin -ellus


-el

text: spinna (“to spin”) + -el → spindel (“spider”)

text: gjorda (“to gird”) + -el → gördel (“girdle”)

glosses: forms agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools

text: stång (“pole”) + -el → stängel (“stalk”)

links: diminutive Appendix:Glossary#diminutive

head

sv

etymology_text: From Old Swedish -il, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-ilaz. Cognate with English -le, -el.

inh

gmq-osw

expansion: Old Swedish -il

der

expansion: Proto-Germanic *-ilaz

cog

en

-le

expansion: English -le


-el

text: öz (“self”) + -el → özel (“private, special”)

glosses: Derives adjectives from nouns and verbs.

head

tr

suffix

expansion: -el

etymology_text:
A variation of -il (“derives deverbals and denominals”), from Proto-Turkic *-il or *-gil. Both variants likely merged with homophonic -il (“derives adjectives for onomatopoeia and colors”).
See şırıltı (“onomatopoeia for flowing water”), kızıl (“red”) and yeşil (“green”). For words using the same suffix, see güzel (“beautiful”), tombul (“chubby”), tükel (“complete, perfect”), kutsal (“holy, sacred”), çatal (“fork”) and çakıl (“gravel”). Perhaps influenced by French -al, whence -sel as in göksel or işitsel but not kutsal.

inflection-table-top

palette: red

class: floatright very-narrow

expansion: {| class="inflection-table "

tr-suffix-forms

[A] al

e: el

inh

trk-pro

expansion: Proto-Turkic *-il

expansion: Lewis, Geoffrey (1999), The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, page 102

ipa: /ˈ-el/


-el

text: ince (“thin”) + -l → incelmek (“to thin, to get thinner”)

text: dar (“narrow”) + -al → daralmak (“to get/become narrow”)

text: çok (“many, much”) + -al → çoğalmak (“to multiply”)

text: düz (“straight”) + -el → düzelmek (“to straighten”)

text: kısa (“short”) + -l → kısalmak (“to shorten”)

text: yön (“direction”) + -el → yönelmek (“to face, to turn (oneself) towards”)

text: diri (“alive, not dead”) + -l → dirilmek (“to come alive, to come back to life”)

links: reflexive reflexive#English

glosses: Derives reflexive verbs from nouns and adjectives.

etymology_text: From Ottoman Turkish ـال (-al, -el) or ـل (-l), a combination of Proto-Turkic *-(g)a (verb-forming suffix) and *-il (passive suffix).

der

ota

ـال

tr: -al, -el

expansion: Ottoman Turkish ـال (-al, -el)

pos: verb-forming suffix


-el

glosses: Used to indicate a maker of a certain thing.

head

vo


低下

links: below below

links: average average

links: mediocre mediocre

links: inferior inferior

links: vulgar vulgar

links: low-brow low-brow

links: low low

links: position position

zh

adjective

expansion: 低下

不善

roman: bùshàn

不好

roman: bùhǎo

不妙

roman: bùmiào

不怎麼樣

roman: bùzěnmeyàng

不濟

roman: bùjì

不腆

roman: bùtiǎn

english: self-deprecatory

translation: self-deprecatory

低劣

roman: dīliè

劣

roman: liè

垃圾

roman: lājī

差

roman: chà

差勁

roman: chàjìn

拙劣

roman: zhuōliè

推扳

roman: Shanghainese

欠佳

roman: qiànjiā

水皮

roman: seoi2 pei4

潮

roman: cháo

english: of quality or technique

translation: of quality or technique

無良

roman: wúliáng

破

roman: pò

蹩腳

roman: biéjiǎo

鄙劣

roman: bǐliè

難

roman: nán

低俗

roman: dīsú

低級

roman: dījí

俗氣

roman: súqì

俗骨

roman: zuk6 gwat1

傖俗

roman: cāngsú

卑俗

roman: bēisú

庸俗

roman: yōngsú

鄙俗

roman: bǐsú

鄙吝

roman: bǐlìn

優美

roman: yōuměi

english: of music, scenery

translation: of music, scenery

典雅

roman: diǎnyǎ

古雅

roman: gǔyǎ

嫻

roman: xián

嫻靜

roman: xiánjìng

幽美

english: of an environment

translation: of an environment

彬

roman: bīn

彬彬

roman: bīnbīn

文雅

roman: wényǎ

文靜

roman: wénjìng

斯文

roman: sīwén

斯文胎胎

roman: si1 wen2 tai1 tai1

斯斯文文

roman: sīsīwénwén

柔美

roman: róuměi

雅相

roman: ia3 sian4

雅緻

roman: yǎzhì

高尚

roman: gāoshàng

高雅

roman: gāoyǎ

zh_pron: dīxià

zh_pron: ㄉㄧ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

zh_pron: dai¹ haa⁶

zh_pron: te-hǎ

zh_pron: kē-hā

zh_pron: te-hā

zh_pron: te-hēe

zh_pron: disià

zh_pron: dī-syà

zh_pron: dishiah

zh_pron: дися

roman: disja

ipa: /ti⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

ipa: /tɐi̯⁵⁵ haː²²/

ipa: /ke³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/

ipa: /ke³³⁻²¹ ha³³/

ipa: /te⁴⁴⁻²² ha²²/

ipa: /te⁴⁴⁻²² hɛ²²/


低下

text: 物価の低下が続いている。

ruby: 物 ぶっ

ruby: 価 か

ruby: 低 てい

ruby: 下 か

ruby: 続 つづ

roman: Bukka no teika ga tsuzuite iru.

translation: Prices are continuing to fall.

english: Prices are continuing to fall.

links: fall fall

text: 道徳的関心の低下

ruby: 道 どう

ruby: 徳 とく

ruby: 的 てき

ruby: 関 かん

ruby: 心 しん

roman: dōtoku-teki kanshin no teika

translation: a decline in concern about morals

english: a decline in concern about morals

links: decline decline

links: deterioration deterioration

ja-noun

ていか

expansion: 低(てい)下(か) • (teika)

forms:
低下 (canonical)
teika (romanization)

下落

roman: geraku

ruby: 下落 げらく


低下

text: 夜は気温が零度に低下する。

ruby: 夜 よる

ruby: 気 き

ruby: 温 おん

ruby: 零 れい

ruby: 度 ど

roman: Yoru wa kion ga reido ni teika suru.

translation: The temperature falls below zero at night.

links: drop drop

text: このごろの子供は体力が低下している。

ruby: 子 こ

ruby: 供 ども

ruby: 体 たい

ruby: 力 りょく

roman: Kono goro no kodomo wa tairyoku ga teika shite iru.

translation: Children today have less physical strength than they used to.

links: deteriorate deteriorate

ja-verb-suru

tr: intrans

expansion: 低(てい)下(か)する • (teika suru) intransitive suru (stem 低(てい)下(か)し (teika shi), past 低(てい)下(か)した (teika shita))

forms:
低下する intransitive suru (canonical)
teika suru (romanization)
低下し (stem)
低下した (past)
低下し (imperfective)
ていかし (imperfective)
teika shi (imperfective)
低下し (continuative)
ていかし (continuative)
teika shi (continuative)
低下する (terminative)
ていかする (terminative)
teika suru (terminative)
低下する (attributive)
ていかする (attributive)
teika suru (attributive)
低下すれ (hypothetical)
ていかすれ (hypothetical)
teika sure (hypothetical)
低下せよ (imperative literary)
低下しろ (colloquial imperative)
ていかせよ (imperative literary)
ていかしろ (colloquial imperative)
teika seyo (imperative literary)
teika shiro (colloquial imperative)
低下される (passive)
ていかされる (passive)
teika sareru (passive)
低下させる (causative)
低下さす (causative)
ていかさせる (causative)
ていかさす (causative)
teika saseru (causative)
teika sasu (causative)
低下できる (potential)
ていかできる (potential)
teika dekiru (potential)
低下しよう (volitional)
ていかしよう (volitional)
teika shiyō (volitional)
低下しない (negative)
ていかしない (negative)
teika shinai (negative)
低下せず (continuative negative)
ていかせず (continuative negative)
teika sezu (continuative negative)
低下します (formal)
ていかします (formal)
teika shimasu (formal)
低下した (perfective)
ていかした (perfective)
teika shita (perfective)
低下して (conjunctive)
ていかして (conjunctive)
teika shite (conjunctive)
低下すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ていかすれば (conditional hypothetical)
teika sureba (conditional hypothetical)


低下

links: hanja hanja#English

links: 저하 저하#Korean

links: lowering lowering

저하

extra: lowering

ko-noun

hj

hangeul: 저하

expansion: 低下 • (jeoha) (hangeul 저하)

forms:
jeoha (romanization)
저하 (hangeul)


-am

links: -əm -əm#Azerbaijani

glosses: Postconsonantal form of -əm after the vowels A / I / O / U.

forms:
-am (after-consonant)
-əm (after-consonant)
-yam (after-vowel)
-yəm (after-vowel)

head

az

suffix form

expansion: -am


-am

text: mosquit (“mosquito”) + -am → mosquitam (“swarm of mosquitos”)

text: trast (“piece of junk”) + -am → trastam (“junk”)

raw_glosses: (often pejorative) indicates a collectivity

ca-noun

m

expansion: -am m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ams)

forms: -ams (plural)

etymology_text: Inherited from Latin -āmen, variant of -men, a noun-forming suffix.

yesno

expansion: I

inh

ca

-āmen

expansion: Latin -āmen

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Latin -āmen

ipa: [ˈam]


-am

head

eo

ĉiam

english: always

translation: always

iam

english: sometime

translation: sometime

kiam

english: when

translation: when

neniam

english: never

translation: never

aliam

english: (at) another time, sometime else

translation: (at) another time, sometime else

tiam

english: then

translation: then

etymology_text: Initially, the correlatives for time ended with -an instead of -am: kian, tian, ian, ĉian, nenian instead of the modern kiam, tiam, iam, ĉiam, neniam. Zamenhof left a one-year period (from Esperanto's creation in 1887 to 1888) during which changes to Esperanto could be proposed. After that year, the only change that was made was changing the time correlatives from -an to -am due to the risk of confusion with correlatives ending with -a + the accusative ending -n. The forms with -an are no longer used, but they can be found in a few older texts from that one-year period. This is the only reform proposal that has ever been successfully implemented into Esperanto.

ipa: /am/

rhymes: -am


-am

text: ház (“house”) → a házam (“my house”)

links: my my

raw_glosses: (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)

hu

hu-infl-nom

-ama

o

esm_sg: y

n: sg

forms:
-am (nominative singular)
-amat (accusative singular)
-amnak (dative singular)
-ammal (instrumental singular)
-amért (causal-final singular)
-ammá (singular translative)
-amig (singular terminative)
-amként (essive-formal singular)
-amul (essive-modal singular)
-amban (inessive singular)
-amon (singular superessive)
-amnál (adessive singular)
-amba (illative singular)
-amra (singular sublative)
-amhoz (allative singular)
-amból (elative singular)
-amról (delative singular)
-amtól (ablative singular)
-amé (singular)
-améi (singular)

ipa: [ɒm]


-am

text: áll (“to stand”) + -am → állam (“state”)

text: dal (“song”) + -am → dallam (“tune”)

text: hoz (“to bring”) + -am → hozam (“yield”)

text: tart (“to hold”) + -am → tartam (“span as in lifespan”)

links: noun noun#English

links: verb verb#English

raw_glosses: (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun. A final single -l may become long -ll-.

-amo

esm_pl: y

forms:
-am (nominative singular)
-amok (nominative plural)
-amot (accusative singular)
-amokat (accusative plural)
-amnak (dative singular)
-amoknak (dative plural)
-ammal (instrumental singular)
-amokkal (instrumental plural)
-amért (causal-final singular)
-amokért (causal-final plural)
-ammá (singular translative)
-amokká (plural translative)
-amig (singular terminative)
-amokig (plural terminative)
-amként (essive-formal singular)
-amokként (essive-formal plural)
-amul (essive-modal singular)
-amokul (essive-modal plural)
-amban (inessive singular)
-amokban (inessive plural)
-amon (singular superessive)
-amokon (plural superessive)
-amnál (adessive singular)
-amoknál (adessive plural)
-amba (illative singular)
-amokba (illative plural)
-amra (singular sublative)
-amokra (plural sublative)
-amhoz (allative singular)
-amokhoz (allative plural)
-amból (elative singular)
-amokból (elative plural)
-amról (delative singular)
-amokról (delative plural)
-amtól (ablative singular)
-amoktól (ablative plural)
-amé (singular)
-amoké (plural)
-améi (singular)
-amokéi (plural)
-amom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-amaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-amod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-amaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-ama (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-amai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-amunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-amaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-amotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-amaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-amuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-amaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


-am

links: -us -us#Latin

links: -a -a#Latin

head

la

etymology_text: Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m (accusative singular of *-éh₂). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic -ѫ (-ǫ).

etymon

:inh

ine-pro:*-éh₂<id:collective nouns>

expansion: [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-am", "lang" : "la" }" data-id="noun suffix" data-lang="la" data-title="-am" id="Latin:_noun_suffix">

glossary

expansion: Inherited

inh

ine-pro

expansion: Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m

cog

cu

-ѫ

expansion: Old Church Slavonic -ѫ (-ǫ)

forms: -ã (alternative)

ipa: [ˈãː]


-am

links: -ō -o#Latin

glosses: first-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)

-ō

extra: third conjugation

etymology_text: A conjugated form of -ō (suffix forming third-conjugation verbs).


-am

glosses: Theme suffix marking transitive inanimate (class 1; vti) verbs

glosses: Theme suffix marking animate intransitive class 2 (vai2, aka pseudo-vti) verbs

head

oj

cat2: verb suffixes


-am

text: oll (“great, vast”) + -am → ollam (“master, expert”)

sga

expansion: -am m

ipa: /əβ̃/

ipa: [aβ̃]


-am

glosses: oblique plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)

phl

forms:
-óom (alternative)
-éem (alternative)
-úum (alternative)


-am

glosses: instrumental suffix (with a-declension nouns)

forms:
-óom (alternative)
-úum (alternative)


-am

text: amar (“to love”) + -am → amam (“[They] love”)

text: cantar (“to sing”) + -am → cantam (“[They] sing”)

links: -ar -ar#Portuguese

glosses: a suffix indicating the third-person plural present indicative of -ar

etymology_text: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -an, from Latin -ant. Compare Galician and Spanish -an.

glossary

Inherited

inh

pt

roa-opt

-an

expansion: Old Galician-Portuguese -an

inh

-ant

expansion: Latin -ant

cog

gl,es

-an

expansion: Galician and Spanish -an

ipa: /ɐ̃w̃/


-am

glosses: first-person singular imperative ending of verbs

head

gd

gd-suffix

i

etymology_text: From Old Irish -imm. The spelling indicates that the m was broad before the loss of the broad/slender distinction in labial consonants; this pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad m found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as agam, asam, thugam etc. Compare the Ulster pronunciation of Irish -im (first-person singular present indicative and imperative) as /əmˠ/.

der

sga

-imm

expansion: Old Irish -imm

ga

-im

ipa: /əm/

forms: -eam (alternative)


-om

glosses: -quantity (correlative ending of quantity)

head

expansion: -om

ĉiom

english: all [of something]

translation: all [of something]

iom

english: some

translation: some

kiom

english: how many, how much

translation: how many, how much

aliom

english: another amount

translation: another amount

tiom

english: that many, that much

translation: that many, that much

etymology_text: Originally -on, it was changed to -om after the publication of Esperanto to avoid confusion with the nominal accusative -o-n.

ipa: /om/

rhymes: -om


-om

links: -oma -oma

de

ipa: /-oːm/

audio: LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--om.wav