solutus

links: put put

links: inconspicuously inconspicuously

glosses: the act of putting something somewhere inconspicuously

links: infiltration infiltration

links: infiltrating infiltrate

head

nouns

expansion: solutus

fi-decl-vastaus

solutu

forms:
solutus (nominative singular)
solutukset (nominative plural)
solutus (accusative nominative singular)
solutukset (accusative nominative plural)
solutuksen (accusative genitive singular)
solutukset (accusative genitive plural)
solutuksen (genitive singular)
solutusten (genitive plural)
solutuksien (genitive plural)
solutusta (partitive singular)
solutuksia (partitive plural)
solutuksessa (inessive singular)
solutuksissa (inessive plural)
solutuksesta (elative singular)
solutuksista (elative plural)
solutukseen (illative singular)
solutuksiin (illative plural)
solutuksella (adessive singular)
solutuksilla (adessive plural)
solutukselta (ablative singular)
solutuksilta (ablative plural)
solutukselle (allative singular)
solutuksille (allative plural)
solutuksena (essive singular)
solutuksina (essive plural)
solutukseksi (singular translative)
solutuksiksi (plural translative)
solutuksetta (abessive singular)
solutuksitta (abessive plural)
solutuksin (instructive plural)
solutukseni (first-person nominative singular singular-possessive)
solutukseni (accusative first-person nominative singular singular-possessive)
solutukseni (accusative first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
solutukseni (first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
solutusteni (first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
solutuksieni (first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
solutustani (first-person partitive singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiani (first-person partitive singular singular-possessive)
solutuksessani (first-person inessive singular singular-possessive)
solutuksissani (first-person inessive singular singular-possessive)
solutuksestani (elative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksistani (elative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutukseeni (first-person illative singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiini (first-person illative singular singular-possessive)
solutuksellani (adessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksillani (adessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutukseltani (ablative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiltani (ablative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutukselleni (allative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksilleni (allative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksenani (essive first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksinani (essive first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksekseni (first-person singular singular-possessive translative)
solutuksikseni (first-person singular singular-possessive translative)
solutuksettani (abessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksittani (abessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksineni (comitative first-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksesi (nominative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksesi (accusative nominative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksesi (accusative genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksesi (genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutustesi (genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiesi (genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutustasi (partitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiasi (partitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksessasi (inessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksissasi (inessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksestasi (elative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksistasi (elative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutukseesi (illative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiisi (illative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksellasi (adessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksillasi (adessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutukseltasi (ablative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksiltasi (ablative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksellesi (allative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksillesi (allative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksenasi (essive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksinasi (essive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutukseksesi (second-person singular singular-possessive translative)
solutuksiksesi (second-person singular singular-possessive translative)
solutuksettasi (abessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksittasi (abessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksinesi (comitative second-person singular singular-possessive)
solutuksemme (first-person nominative plural plural-possessive)
solutuksemme (accusative first-person nominative plural plural-possessive)
solutuksemme (accusative first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
solutuksemme (first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
solutustemme (first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
solutuksiemme (first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
solutustamme (first-person partitive plural plural-possessive)
solutuksiamme (first-person partitive plural plural-possessive)
solutuksessamme (first-person inessive plural plural-possessive)
solutuksissamme (first-person inessive plural plural-possessive)
solutuksestamme (elative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksistamme (elative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutukseemme (first-person illative plural plural-possessive)
solutuksiimme (first-person illative plural plural-possessive)
solutuksellamme (adessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksillamme (adessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutukseltamme (ablative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksiltamme (ablative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksellemme (allative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksillemme (allative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksenamme (essive first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksinamme (essive first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutukseksemme (first-person plural plural-possessive translative)
solutuksiksemme (first-person plural plural-possessive translative)
solutuksettamme (abessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksittamme (abessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksinemme (comitative first-person plural plural-possessive)
solutuksenne (nominative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksenne (accusative nominative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksenne (accusative genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksenne (genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutustenne (genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksienne (genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutustanne (partitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksianne (partitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksessanne (inessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksissanne (inessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksestanne (elative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksistanne (elative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutukseenne (illative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksiinne (illative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksellanne (adessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksillanne (adessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutukseltanne (ablative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksiltanne (ablative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksellenne (allative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksillenne (allative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksenanne (essive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksinanne (essive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutukseksenne (plural plural-possessive second-person translative)
solutuksiksenne (plural plural-possessive second-person translative)
solutuksettanne (abessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksittanne (abessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksinenne (comitative plural plural-possessive second-person)
solutuksensa (nominative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksensa (nominative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksensa (accusative nominative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksensa (accusative nominative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksensa (accusative genitive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksensa (accusative genitive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksensa (genitive possessive singular third-person)
solutustensa (genitive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksiensa (genitive plural possessive third-person)
solutustaan (partitive possessive singular third-person)
solutustansa (partitive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksiaan (partitive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksiansa (partitive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksessaan (inessive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksessansa (inessive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksissaan (inessive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksissansa (inessive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksestaan (elative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksestansa (elative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksistaan (elative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksistansa (elative plural possessive third-person)
solutukseensa (illative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksiinsa (illative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksellaan (adessive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksellansa (adessive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksillaan (adessive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksillansa (adessive plural possessive third-person)
solutukseltaan (ablative possessive singular third-person)
solutukseltansa (ablative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksiltaan (ablative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksiltansa (ablative plural possessive third-person)
solutukselleen (allative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksellensa (allative possessive singular third-person)
solutuksilleen (allative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksillensa (allative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksenaan (essive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksenansa (essive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksinaan (essive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksinansa (essive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksekseen (possessive singular third-person translative)
solutukseksensa (possessive singular third-person translative)
solutuksikseen (plural possessive third-person translative)
solutuksiksensa (plural possessive third-person translative)
solutuksettaan (abessive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksettansa (abessive possessive singular third-person)
solutuksittaan (abessive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksittansa (abessive plural possessive third-person)
solutuksineen (comitative plural possessive third-person)
solutuksinensa (comitative plural possessive third-person)

etymology_text: soluttaa + -us

affix

soluttaa

-us

id2: action

expansion: soluttaa + -us

ipa: /ˈsolutus/

ipa: [ˈs̠o̞lut̪us̠]

rhymes: -olutus


solutus

links: unbound unbound

links: released released

links: free free

links:
at large
at large

text:
‘sī scelus est, in mē commissī poena redundet:
sit capitis damnō Rōma solūta meī.’
“If it is a crime, let the punishment of its commission fall on me:
I condemn my head, may Rome be acquitted.”
(The Temple of Vesta ablaze, Lucius Caecilius Metellus (consul 251 BC) admits the impropriety of any man – even the pontifex maximus – entering the sacred temple of Vesta (mythology).)

ref: 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.451–452

type: quotation

links: acquitted acquitted

links: absolved absolved

links: cleansed cleansed

pos: adj

la-adj

solūtus

comp: solutior

sup: solutissimus

expansion: solūtus (feminine solūta, neuter solūtum, comparative solutior, superlative solutissimus); first/second-declension adjective

forms:
solūtus (canonical)
solūta (feminine)
solūtum (neuter)
solutior (comparative)
solutissimus (superlative)
solūtus (masculine nominative singular)
solūta (feminine nominative singular)
solūtum (neuter nominative singular)
solūtī (masculine nominative plural)
solūtae (feminine nominative plural)
solūta (neuter nominative plural)
solūtī (genitive masculine singular)
solūtae (feminine genitive singular)
solūtī (genitive neuter singular)
solūtōrum (genitive masculine plural)
solūtārum (feminine genitive plural)
solūtōrum (genitive neuter plural)
solūtō (dative masculine singular)
solūtae (dative feminine singular)
solūtō (dative neuter singular)
solūtīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
solūtum (accusative masculine singular)
solūtam (accusative feminine singular)
solūtum (accusative neuter singular)
solūtōs (accusative masculine plural)
solūtās (accusative feminine plural)
solūta (accusative neuter plural)
solūtō (ablative masculine singular)
solūtā (ablative feminine singular)
solūtō (ablative neuter singular)
solūtīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
solūte (masculine singular vocative)
solūta (feminine singular vocative)
solūtum (neuter singular vocative)
solūtī (masculine plural vocative)
solūtae (feminine plural vocative)
solūta (neuter plural vocative)

etymology_text: Perfect passive participle of solvō

note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical


gatvol

text: I have had it up to here! I am gatvol. If you don't tidy your room, you are grounded.

type: example

text: Yoh! I'm so gatvol of this tjoekie and need a zol to handle these moggy people.

ref: 2025 March 26, Khanyisile Ngcobo, “'Yoh! You're in the OED' – South Africa makes its linguistic mark”, in BBC:

links:
fed up
fed up

links: upset upset

raw_glosses: (South Africa, slang) Completely fed up; very upset.

en-adj

expansion: gatvol (comparative more gatvol, superlative most gatvol)

forms:
more gatvol (comparative)
most gatvol (superlative)

etymology_text: Borrowed from Afrikaans gatvol.

ety

en

:bor

expansion:
[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Afrikaans", "term" : "gatvol", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "af" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "gatvol", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="gatvol">
Borrowed from Afrikaans gatvol.


gatvol

links: unhappy unhappy

af-adj

gatvolle

expansion: gatvol (attributive gatvolle, comparative gatvoller, superlative gatvolste)

forms:
gatvolle (attributive)
gatvoller (comparative)
gatvolste (superlative)

etymology_text: Compound of gat + vol.

glossary

Compound

expansion: Compound

com+

af

gat

vol

expansion: Compound of gat + vol

audio: LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-gatvol.wav


just now

text: I was talking to my friend on the phone just now.

text: I('ve) just now noticed that we're out of bread.

links:
set phrase
set phrase

raw_glosses: (set phrase) Very close to the present moment; just a moment ago.

qualifier: set phrase

text: We do not have that item in stock just now.

links:
At present
at present

links: now now

text: I'll be coming just now.

raw_glosses: (Scotland, South Africa, Caribbean) In a little while.

pos: adv

en-adv

expansion: just now (not comparable)

just then

sense: just a moment ago

currently

sense: at present

imminently

sense: in a little while

inanna

code: akk

sense: very close to the present moment

آنِفاً

code: ar

roman: ʔānifan

նոր

code: hy

roman: nor

яңы

code: ba

roman: yañı

яңы ғына

roman: yañı ğına

әле генә

roman: əle genə

току-що

code: bg

roman: toku-što

аккурат

code: rue

roman: akkurat

ara mateix

code: ca

剛才 /刚才

code: cmn

roman: gāngcái

剛剛 /刚刚

roman: gānggāng

zojuist

code: nl

ĵus

code: eo

juuri nyt

code: fi

à l'instant

code: fr

hai un pouco

code: gl

gerade eben

code: de

μόλις

code: el

roman: mólis

νεωστί

code: grc

roman: neōstí

अभी

code: hi

roman: abhī

épp most

code: hu

rétt áðan

code: is

jus

code: io

barusan

code: id

vast

code: izh

anois beag

code: ga

or ora

code: it


science fair

text: Hungry for fame and the approval of rare-animal collector Queen Victoria (Imelda Staunton), Darwin deceives the Captain and his crew into believing they can get enough booty to win the pirate competition by entering Polly in a science fair. So the pirates journey to London in cheerful, blinkered defiance of the Queen, a hotheaded schemer whose royal crest reads simply “I hate pirates.”

ref: 2012 April 26, Tasha Robinson, “Film: Reviews: The Pirates! Band Of Misfits :”, in The Onion AV Club:

links: competition competition

links: contestant contestant

links: children children

links: project project

links: demonstration demonstration

glosses: A competition in which contestants, usually children, create science-related projects or demonstrations.

pos: noun

en-noun

expansion: science fair (plural science fairs)

forms: science fairs (plural)


black slug

links: omnivorous omnivorous

links: slug slug

glosses: An omnivorous slug found in Europe and the Pacific Northwest, Arion ater, not always black, despite the name.

expansion: black slug (plural black slugs)

forms: black slugs (plural)

duistere wegslak

sense: Arion ater

svartskogsnigel

code: nn

svart skogssnigel

code: sv


LFSR

links:
linear feedback shift register
w:linear feedback shift register

glosses: Initialism of linear feedback shift register.

expansion: LFSR (plural LFSRs)

forms: LFSRs (plural)

РСЛОС

code: ru

sense: Translations

roman: RSLOS


eina

text: Eina! I hit my thumb with the hammer!

links: Ouch ouch

raw_glosses: (South Africa) Ouch! (an exclamation of pain)

pos: intj

etymology_text: Borrowed from Afrikaans eina, from the Khoekhoe people of the Kalahari Desert: é + ná.

bor

af

eina

expansion: Afrikaans eina

der

naq

expansion: Khoekhoe

compound

naq

é

ná

expansion: é + ná

ipa: /ˈeɪnə/

rhymes: -eɪnə


eina

links: ouch ouch

links: ow ow

head

interjection

expansion: eina

etymology_text: Borrowed from Khoekhoe (see eina).

audio: LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-eina.wav


eina

links: in in

links: into into

links: inside inside

glosses: in, into, inside (direction towards the speaker)

etymology_text: Compare German einher.

cog

de

einher

expansion: German einher

ipa: /ai̯nɐ/

ipa: /ˈaɛ̯nɐ/

ipa: /æːnɐ/


eina

links: tool tool

ca-noun

f

expansion: eina f (plural eines)

forms:
eines (plural)
aïna (alternative Valencia Western)
eïna (alternative)

etymology_text: From earlier aïna, borrowed from Old Occitan aizina, from aize (“comfort”), from Latin adiacēns. Compare Occitan aisina and French aise. Doublet of adjacent, a borrowing from Latin.

bor

ca

pro

aizina

expansion: Old Occitan aizina

inh

la

adiacēns

expansion: Latin adiacēns

oc

aisina

expansion: Occitan aisina

fr

aise

expansion: French aise

doublet

adjacent

expansion: Doublet of adjacent

audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-eina.wav


eina

links: einn einn#Icelandic

glosses: accusative feminine singular of einn (“one”)

einn

extra: one

pos: num

head

is

numeral form


eina

links: eiti eiti#Lithuanian

pos: verb

lt

verb form

ipa: [²ˈɛɪˑnɐ]

rhymes: -ɛɪˑnɐ


eina

glosses:
inflection of einn:
strong feminine accusative singular

glosses:
inflection of einn:
strong masculine accusative plural

glosses: weak feminine/neuter nominative singular

glosses: weak masculine/neuter accusative/dative/genitive singular

non

adjective form


buzz off

text: The bouncer shouted “Buzz off!” and kicked me out of the establishment.

links: dismissal dismissal

links:
go away
go away

raw_glosses: (idiomatic, colloquial, dismissal) go away.

qualifier: dismissal

audio: en-au-buzz off.ogg


buzz off

text: The bee was flying around my head, but then it buzzed off.

links: buzzing buzzing

raw_glosses: (intransitive) To leave with a buzzing sound.

text: “Where's Daddy?” Phyllis asked. “He suddenly decided to go to London,” said Bobbie. “To London?” “That's what he said.” “Why?” “He didn't tell me.” “I must go and see him,” said Phyllis, and buzzed off. [...] “He's asking for his dinner, the sweet little angel. All right, darling, Mother's coming,” she fluted, and buzzed off on the errand of mercy. [...] “That's life,” she said, and buzzed off to keep her vigil, leaving me kicking myself because I'd forgotten to say anything about the quality of mercy not being strained.

ref: 1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, “V, XIII, AND XX”, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

links:
take off
take off

raw_glosses: (figuratively) To leave (especially busily), take off, go away.

text: He went to this talent show, but they buzzed him off after twenty seconds.

links: interrupt interrupt

links: disqualify disqualify

links: buzzer buzzer

raw_glosses: (transitive) To interrupt and/or disqualify (someone) by means of a buzzer.

en-verb

expansion: buzz off (third-person singular simple present buzzes off, present participle buzzing off, simple past and past participle buzzed off)

forms:
buzzes off (present singular third-person)
buzzing off (participle present)
buzzed off (participle past)
buzzed off (past)


title: collecting dust

redirect: collect dust

pos: hard-redirect


collect dust

text: The trophies on his wall reminding him of his heyday are now just collecting dust.

links: untouched untouched

links: unused unused

raw_glosses: (idiomatic) To remain untouched and unused for a long period of time.

expansion: collect dust (third-person singular simple present collects dust, present participle collecting dust, simple past and past participle collected dust)

forms:
collects dust (present singular third-person)
collecting dust (participle present)
collected dust (participle past)
collected dust (past)

吃灰

code: cmn

sense: remain unused

roman: chīhuī

pölyttyä

code: fi

пыли́ться

roman: pylítʹsja

audio: en-au-collect dust.ogg


title: change your mind

redirect: change one's mind


third hand

links:
caliper brake
caliper brake

glosses: A tool used to squeeze caliper brakes against the rim of a wheel, as on a bicycle, thereby allowing adjustments to the brake cable.

links: remove remove

glosses: A source two steps removed from direct communication.

en-noun

expansion: third hand (plural third hands)

forms: third hands (plural)

audio: En-au-third hand.ogg


third hand

text: I heard the story from someone who got it from the horse's mouth. You're getting it third hand.

text: So I have to find out my child is alive third-hand from the Alliance brass? Where the hell have you been?

ref: 2010, BioWare, quoting Mom, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: You're alive???:

glosses: Having been relayed by two intermediate sources.

links: owner owner

raw_glosses: (idiomatic) Not new, having more than one previous owner.

head

adjective

expansion: third hand


third leg

links: penis penis

raw_glosses: (humorous, slang) A penis; specifically a long one.

en-noun

expansion: third leg (plural third legs)

forms: third legs (plural)

drittes Bein

sense: long penis

terceira perna

code: pt

etymology_text: Suggesting a penis as long as one's leg.

ipa: /θɝd ˈlɛɡ/

audio: En-au-third leg.ogg


straitjacket

text: There’s a couple of people actually wearing duct-tape straitjackets.

ref: 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 243:

links: jacketlike jacketlike

links: garment garment

links: sleeve sleeve

links: psychiatric psychiatric

links: hospital hospital

glosses: A jacketlike garment with very long sleeves which can be secured in place, thus preventing the wearer from moving their arms; often used in psychiatric hospitals to prevent patients from injuring themselves or others.

text: our ever-increasing bureaucratic straitjacket of regulations

text: [I]f we remain in one discipline, we remain in a straitjacket; an adequate theory of language evolution requires a lot of interdisciplinary work.

ref: 2009, Michael Giffin, Quadrant, November 2009, No. 461 (Volume LIII, Number 11), Quadrant Magazine Limited, page 99

raw_glosses: (figurative) Any situation seen as confining or restricting.

expansion: straitjacket (plural straitjackets)

forms:
straitjackets (plural)
strait jacket (alternative)
strait-jacket (alternative)
straightjacket (alternative)

զսպաշապիկ

code: hy

sense: a jacket-like garment

roman: zspašapik

усмирителна риза

code: bg

roman: usmiritelna riza

camisa de força

code: ca

緊身衣 /紧身衣

roman: jǐnshēnyī

約束服 /约束服

roman: yuēshùfú

拘束服

roman: jūshùfú

拘束衣

roman: jūshùyī

約束衣 /约束衣

roman: yuēshùyī

svěrací kazajka

code: cs

spændetrøje

code: da

dwangbuis

code: nl

trudkitelo

code: eo

hullusärk

code: et

camisole de force

code: fr

Zwangsjacke

code: de

ζουρλομανδύας

roman: zourlomandýas

拘束衣

code: ja

alt: こうそくい

roman: kōsokui

강압복

code: ko

roman: gang'apbok

лудачка кошула

code: mk

roman: ludačka košula

tvangstrøye

code: nb

Spaunjak

code: pdt

kaftan bezpieczeństwa

code: pl

cămașă de forță

code: ro

смири́тельная руба́шка

roman: smirítelʹnaja rubáška

camisa de fuerza

code: es

deli gömleği

code: tr

caethwasgod

code: cy

משוגעים־העמדל

code: yi

roman: meshugoim-hemdl

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
English strait
Old French jaque
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tosder.?
Late Latin -ittus
Old French -et
Middle French jacquetbor.
English jacket
English straitjacket
From strait (“restrictive”) + jacket.

ety

expansion:
Etymology tree
English strait
Old French jaque
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tosder.?
Late Latin -ittus
Old French -et
Middle French jacquetbor.
English jacket
English straitjacket
[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "jaque", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "fro" }, { "id" : "diminutive", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "diminutive", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal adjectives", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tós", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-tos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Late Latin", "term" : "-ittus", "lang" : "la-lat" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-et", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle French", "term" : "jacquet", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "frm" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "jacket", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "straitjacket", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="straitjacket">
From strait (“restrictive”) + jacket.


straitjacket

text: What he asked himself now was,—could Miss Edge and Miss Baker, in order to get him out of the house, have set Birt onto Elizabeth, be in league with the man to break a poor old fellow down by simply driving his sad girl out of her wits? To have her straitjacketted even, muffled in a padded room?

ref: 1948, Henry Green [pseudonym; Henry Vincent Yorke], [chapter 1], in Concluding: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press, published 1950, →OCLC, page 11:

links: straitjacket straitjacket#Noun

raw_glosses: (literally, transitive) To put someone into a straitjacket.

text: Charles for five whole days in a Victorian topper and tailcoat when he practically had to be straitjacketted to get him into tails for a three-hour wedding?

ref: 1977, Doreen Tovey, chapter 4, in The Coming of Saska (Feline Frolics; 7), Chichester, West Sussex: Summersdale Publishers, published 2007, →ISBN, page 42:

text: Encouraging, allowing for, and maintaining a plurality of viewpoints concerning public policy, for instance, adaptively (even though partially and incompletely) reduces the chances of a rigidly deterministic and reductionistic mindset maladaptively straitjacketting our abilities to deal with dynamic complexity and to appreciate the benefits of malleability and self-criticality in remaining open to the challenges of our environment.

ref: 1994, Ian T[revor] King, “Politics, Economics, and Democracy”, in Explorations Beyond the Machine: A Philosophy of Social Science for the Post-Newtonian Age (Mamardashvili Series on Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology), Commack, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers, →ISBN, part 4 (The “New” Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Politics, and Economics), page 239:

text: But it has not always been like this. The last time human remains hit the headlines occurred when the government-sponsored Palmer Report was published. It was deeply antagonistic to research on human remains, and recommended straitjacketing archaeological research within the same framework as medical science.

ref: 2004 October 31, Robert Foley, “The Flores remains could have been lost to science”, in The Observer, →ISSN, archived from the original on 25 Jan 2022:

text: Where most primates have a respectable pair of grasping rear hands we have two changelings: long arched pads with rounded chins at one end and stumpy thumbs straight-jacketed to baby fingers at the other.

ref: 2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 118:

text: she couldnʼt wait to go to college, have a career and leave her parentsʼ straitjacketed lives behind

ref: 2019, Bernardine Evaristo, Girl, Woman, Other, Penguin Books (2020), page 280:

text: A Labour opposition that has straitjacketed its pledges and ambitions with its fears of blowing its strongest chance in years to gain power.

ref: 2023 August 7, Nesrine Malik, “British people are kinder and less divided than politicians give us credit for”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 24 Feb 2024:

links: restrict restrict

links: freedom freedom

links: physically physically

links: psychologically psychologically

raw_glosses: (figuratively, transitive, by extension) To restrict the freedom of someone or something, either physically or psychologically.

en-verb

expansion: straitjacket (third-person singular simple present straitjackets, present participle straitjacketing, simple past and past participle straitjacketed)

forms:
straitjackets (present singular third-person)
straitjacketing (participle present)
straitjacketed (participle past)
straitjacketed (past)
strait jacket (alternative)
strait-jacket (alternative)
straightjacket (alternative)

code: am

sense: to put someone into a straitjacket

note: [script needed] (tuta)

pukea pakkopaitaan

code: fi

koakto-kamizolizar

code: io

sätta tvångströja på

code: sv

iemand in zijn vrijheid beperken

sense: to restrict the freedom of

:af

jacket

ipa: /ˈstɹeɪtˌd͡ʒækɪt/


Scotia

links: Scotland Scotland

links:
constituent country
constituent country

links:
United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English

raw_glosses: (poetic) Scotland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom.

text: 1958 - Scotia Plan Loans [...] The Bank of Nova Scotia becomes the first Canadian bank to promote lending to the average consumer.

ref: 1958, “Scotiabank Timeline”, in Scotiabank Canada, retrieved 20 Jun 2023, page 2:

text: Just listen how the flow sounds / And you gon' learn quick I represent Sco-town (Scotia) / Illville to be exact / Shout out to Uniacke / Straight up to w:North Preston and back

ref: 2009, “I'm So Scotian”performed by Hellafactz:

text: At Scotia Dental in Halifax, our dentists [...]

ref: 2023 June 20 (last accessed), Scotia Dental:

links:
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia

links:
census-designated place
census-designated place

links:
Humboldt County
Humboldt County#English

links: California California#English

links:
United States
United States#English

glosses: A census-designated place in Humboldt County, California, United States.

links: village village

links: Nebraska Nebraska#English

links: Glenville Glenville#English

links:
Schenectady County
Schenectady County#English

links:
New York
New York#English

glosses: A village in the town of Glenville, Schenectady County, New York.

links: town town

links:
South Carolina
South Carolina#English

links:
Unincorporated Far West Area
Unincorporated Far West

links: Wentworth Wentworth#English

links:
New South Wales
New South Wales#English

links: Australia Australia#English

glosses: A locality in the Unincorporated Far West Area and the Wentworth council area, western New South Wales, Australia.

pos: name

en-proper noun

expansion: Scotia

etymology_text: From Latin Scotia (Scotland, lit. "Land of the Scots")

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Scotia.wav

parts: Sco tia


Scotia

links:
constituent country
constituent country

links:
United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English

glosses: Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

head

ia

proper noun


Scotia

links: Ireland Ireland#English

links: island island

links: country country

links:
Northern Europe
Northern Europe#English

glosses: Ireland (an island and country in Northern Europe)

la-proper noun

expansion: Scōtia f sg (genitive Scōtiae); first declension

forms:
Scōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Scōtiae (genitive)
Scōtia (nominative singular)
Scōtiae (genitive singular)
Scōtiae (dative singular)
Scōtiam (accusative singular)
Scōtiā (ablative singular)
Scōtia (singular vocative)

Nova Scōtia

english: Nova Scotia (lit., New Scotland)

translation: Nova Scotia (lit., New Scotland)

etymology_text: From Scōtī (“the Scots people”).


Scotia

raw_glosses: (poetic) Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

head

sco


endureth

text: Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him.

ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, James 1:12:

links: endure endure#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of endure

expansion: endureth


goeth

text: And from thence passeth on along on the east to Gittahhepher, to Ittahkazin, and goeth out to Remmonmethoar to Neah

ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 19:13:

links: go go#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of go

expansion: goeth


goeth

links: coeth coeth#Welsh

coeth

extra: refined

cy

mutated adjective

cy-mut

coeth

forms:
coeth
goeth (soft)
nghoeth
choeth


goeth

links:
go to
go to

head

yol

verb

etymology_text: From goe (“go”) + t' (“to”).

ipa: /ɡɔːt̪/


keepeth

text: He that keepeth the commandment keepeth his own soul.

ref: Proverbs 19:16, King James Version

links: keep keep#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of keep

en

expansion: keepeth

etymology_text: From keep + -eth.

ety

keep

-eth

expansion: From keep + -eth.


knoweth

text: And who knoweth whether he shall be a wise man or a fool? yet shall he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and wherein I have shewed myself wise under the sun. This is also vanity.

ref: Ecclesiastes 2:19, King James Version

links: know know#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of know

head

expansion: knoweth

etymology_text: From know + -eth.

know

expansion: From know + -eth.


knoweth

glosses: third-person singular present indicative of knowen

enm

forms:
knowith (alternative)
knoweþ (alternative)


loveth

text: He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 21:17:

links: love love#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of love

expansion: loveth

etymology_text: From love + -eth, the archaic third-person singular present tense suffix.

suffix

love

eth

expansion: love + -eth


searchlight

links: light light

links: beam beam

links: military military

glosses: A light source that projects a bright beam of light in any direction, generally for military use.

en-noun

expansion: searchlight (plural searchlights)

forms: searchlights (plural)

soeklig

code: af

sense: a light source that projects a bright beam of light in any direction

прожектор

code: bg

roman: prožektor

探照燈 /探照灯

code: cmn

roman: tànzhàodēng

zoeklicht

code: nl

projecteur

code: fr

fényszóró

code: hu

proiettore da ricerca

code: it

søkelys

code: nn

projector

code: oc

holofote

code: pt

проже́ктор

code: ru

roman: prožéktor

litijedian

code: vo

探照光束

sense: the light from the above source

roman: tànzhào guāngshù

etymology_text: From search + light. Compare West Frisian sykljocht (“searchlight”), Dutch zoeklicht (“searchlight”), Danish søgelys (“searchlight”), Swedish sökarljus (“searchlight”).

af

search

light

expansion: search + light

cog

fy

sykljocht

t: searchlight

expansion: West Frisian sykljocht (“searchlight”)

nl

zoeklicht

expansion: Dutch zoeklicht (“searchlight”)

da

søgelys

expansion: Danish søgelys (“searchlight”)

sv

sökarljus

expansion: Swedish sökarljus (“searchlight”)

ipa: /ˈsɜːtʃˌlaɪt/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-searchlight.wav

parts: search light


searchlight

text: A dozen air corps of fireflies searchlighted the spot for an instant.

ref: 1937, L. Ron Hubbard, All Frontiers Are Jealous:

links: scan scan

links: sweep sweep

raw_glosses: (transitive) To scan or sweep across like a searchlight.

en-verb

+,searchlit

expansion: searchlight (third-person singular simple present searchlights, present participle searchlighting, simple past and past participle searchlighted or searchlit)

forms:
searchlights (present singular third-person)
searchlighting (participle present)
searchlighted (participle past)
searchlighted (past)
searchlit (participle past)
searchlit (past)


seeth

text: […]the Lord seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the Lord looketh on the heart

ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 16:7:

links: see see#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) third-person singular simple present indicative of see

head

expansion: seeth


whereto

links: what what

links: whither whither

raw_glosses: (archaic, interrogative) To what; to which place, whither?

links: wherefore wherefore

raw_glosses: (obsolete, interrogative) To what end; wherefore?

text: According whereto Xenophon describeth his gallant plantation at Sardis, thus rendred by Strebæus.

ref: 1658, Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus:

en-adv

expansion: whereto (not comparable)

накъдето

sense: to what place; whither

roman: nakǎdeto

wohin

code: de

ποῖ

code: grc

roman: poî

quō

code: la

ki hea

code: mi

adónde

code: es

word: 1. Scottish2. from Middle English mid3. old dialectal form

etymology_text: From Middle English wherto, equivalent to where + to.

inh

enm

wherto

expansion: Middle English wherto

compound

where

to

expansion: where + to


whoso

text: Whoso therefore shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon. And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him that dwelleth therein.

ref: 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 23:20-21:

text:
And whoso findeth by the sea
Blown dust of bones will hardly say
If this were that Aholibah.

ref: 1866, Algernon Swinburne, Aholibah, lines 148-150:

text: Whoso raises his hand against you must answer to my sword.

ref: 1898, Andrew Lang, Arabian Nights:

text: And whoso kisseth those apples high, Who kisseth once is a king, Who kisseth twice shall never die, Who kisseth thrice--oh, were it I.

ref: 1896, Richard Le Gallienne, The Quest of the Golden Girl:

text: Whoso would be a man would be a nonconformist.

ref: 1963, Martin Luther King, quoting Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Self-Reliance", quoted in "Strength to Love":

links: whosoever whosoever

links: whatever whatever

pos: pron

head

pronoun

objective

whomso

possessive

whoseso

expansion: whoso (objective whomso, possessive whoseso)

en-pron

objective

whomso

possessive

whoseso

forms:
whomso (objective)
whoseso (possessive)
who so (alternative)

etymology_text: From Middle English hoe so, hoo so, hoo-so, from Old English hwā swā; equivalent to who + so.

inh

hoe so

expansion: Middle English hoe so

ang

hwā swā

expansion: Old English hwā swā

who

so

expansion: who + so


Welshwoman

links: woman woman

links: native native

links: inhabitant inhabitant

links: Wales Wales

glosses: A woman who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

en-noun

Welshwomen

expansion: Welshwoman (plural Welshwomen)

forms: Welshwomen (plural)

galesa

code: ast

sense: female native or inhabitant of Wales

gal·lesa

code: ca

Kembres

code: kw

Velšanka

code: cs

waliser

code: da

walesilainen

code: fi

galesa

code: gl

Breatnach

code: ga

velsiete

code: lv

Ве́лшанка

code: mk

roman: Vélšanka

waliser

code: nb

Walijka

code: pl

galeză

code: ro

валли́йка

roman: vallíjka

kymriska

code: sv

Galli

code: tr

валлі́йка

code: uk

Cymraes

code: cy

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
English Welsh
Proto-Germanic *wībą
Proto-West Germanic *wīb
Old English wīf
Proto-Indo-European *mon-
Proto-Germanic *mann-
Proto-West Germanic *mann
Old English mann
Old English wīfmann
Middle English woman
Middle English -woman
English -woman
English Welshwoman
From Welsh + -woman.

ety

Welsh

-woman

expansion:
Etymology tree
English Welsh
Proto-Germanic *wībą
Proto-West Germanic *wīb
Old English wīf
Proto-Indo-European *mon-
Proto-Germanic *mann-
Proto-West Germanic *mann
Old English mann
Old English wīfmann
Middle English woman
Middle English -woman
English -woman
English Welshwoman
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*wīb", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "wīf", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*mon-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*mann-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*mann", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "mann", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "wīfmann", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "womman", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-woman", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-woman", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "Welshwoman", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="Welshwoman">
From Welsh + -woman.

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Welshwoman.wav


shouldst

text: Doth it ſeem good to thee that thou ſhouldſt calumniate me, and oppreſs me, the work of thy own hands, and help the counſel of the wicked?

ref: 1750, The Holy Bible […] Newly reviſed, and corrected according to the Clementin Edition of the Scriptures. (Douay–Rheims Bible, Challoner Revision), Job 10:3, page 15:

links: should should#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) second-person singular present of should

links: shall shall#English

raw_glosses: (archaic) second-person singular simple past indicative of shall

head

verb form

expansion: shouldst

forms:
shou'dst (alternative)
should'st (alternative)
shouldest (alternative)

ipa: /ʃʊdst/

ipa: /ʃʊtst/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shouldst.wav

ipa: /ʃədst/

ipa: /ʃətst/


calumniate

text: Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and calumniate all godly men's doings.

ref: a. 1555, John Hooper, A Brief Treatise respecting Judge Hales:

text: I missed her when she was not on the stage, in spite of the absorbing interest of that most calumniated and ill-used person, the Jew. (Speaking of Fanny Kemble as Portia)

ref: 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIX, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 229:

text: There are adherents of each of the four French parties—Legitimists, Orleanists, Imperialists, and Republicans—in this little mountain-town; and they all hate, loathe, decry, and calumniate each other.

ref: 1905, Robert Louis Stevenson, “chapter 1”, in Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes:

text: During the period of Pergamos great experiments were gone through by the Church which saw a false church appear near her, the latter was even noticeable in th periods of Ephesus and Smyrna. The synagogue of Satan, the false church when it appeared, began to calumniate the true Church terribly; the latter has always been disowned by those who left her in order to become faithless disciples, also by false brethren and by the world.

ref: 1922, “The Epoch of Pergamos.”, in The Divine Revelation the Seven Spirits of God, 1st edition, volume I (Theology), Geneva, page 94:

links: hurtful hurtful

links: untrue untrue

raw_glosses: (transitive) To make hurtful untrue comments about.

raw_glosses: (transitive) To levy a false charge against, especially of a vague offense, with the intent to damage someone's reputation or standing.

en-verb

expansion: calumniate (third-person singular simple present calumniates, present participle calumniating, simple past and past participle calumniated)

forms:
calumniates (present singular third-person)
calumniating (participle present)
calumniated (participle past)
calumniated (past)

誹謗 /诽谤

code: cmn

sense: to make hurtful untrue statements

roman: fěibàng

kalumnii

code: eo

calomnier

code: fr

verleumden

code: de

rágalmaz

code: hu

calunniare

code: it

中傷する

code: ja

alt: ちゅうしょうする

roman: chūshō suru

비방한 위하여

code: ko

roman: bibanghan wihayeo

calumnior

code: la

apšmeižti

code: lt

caluniar

code: pt

оклеветать

code: ru

roman: oklevetatʹ

calumniar

code: es

etymology_text: First attested in 1554; borrowed from Latin calumniātus, perfect passive participle of calumnior (“to blame, cavil at; to accuse falsely”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

etydate

expansion: First attested in 1554

bor+

la

calumniātus

expansion: borrowed from Latin calumniātus

glossary

perfect

expansion: perfect

passive

expansion: passive

participle

expansion: participle

af

-ate

id1: verb

pos1: verb-forming suffix

expansion: -ate (verb-forming suffix)


calumniate

links: calumniātus calumniatus#Latin

glosses: vocative masculine singular of calumniātus

head

la

participle form

head: calumniāte

expansion: calumniāte

forms: calumniāte (canonical)


calumniate

links: voseo voseo#Spanish

links: calumniar calumniar#Spanish

links: te te#Spanish

glosses: second-person singular voseo imperative of calumniar combined with te

es

expansion: calumniate


platanna

text: […]leading medical pathologist, Dr Louis P. Bosman, became so concerned at the depletion of the local platanna population that he petitioned the Provincial Administration to introduce protective legislation and to investigate the possibility of the artificial culture of these animals at the Jonkershoek Hatchery.[…]For many years scientists observed that there was only one species of platanna, Xenopus laevis. Dr Walter Rose, who devoted many years of study to the amphibians of the Western Cape, had questioned this, and had eventually became convinced that there was another species, similar in appearance, but smaller, shyer and less aggressive. This he named X. gilli after Dr L. Gill, director of the South African Museum.

ref: 1977, Douglas Hey, Water: Source of Life, Oxford University Press, pages 109–110:

text: Some frogs, like the Platanna (Xenopus laevis), are wholly aquatic, living, feeding and breeding under water.

ref: 1990, Louis Liebenberg, A Field Guide to the Animal Tracks of Southern Africa, David Philip Publishers, page 81:

text: Platannas are found almost permanently in water and can remain submerged for hours without needing to surface.

ref: 2008, Rael Loon, Hidden Wonders: The Small 5005 of Southern Africa, Insects, Spiders, Frogs, Reptiles, Jacana Media, page 269:

links:
clawed frog
clawed frog

links: Xenopus Xenopus#Translingual

links:
Xenopus laevis
Xenopus laevis#Translingual

glosses: Any of several clawed frogs of the genus Xenopus which spend most of their time in water and rarely emerge onto land, especially the common platanna, Xenopus laevis.

en-noun

expansion: platanna (plural platannas)

forms: platannas (plural)

Cape platanna

taxonomic: Xenopus gilli

common platanna

taxonomic: Xenopus laevis

Gill's platanna

alt: = Cape platanna

Fraser's platanna

taxonomic: Xenopus fraseri

Peter's platanna

taxonomic: Xenopus petersii

platanna klipfish

taxonomic: Xenopoclinus kochi

leprous platanna-klipfish

taxonomic: Xenopoclinus leprosus


begot

links: beget beget#English

text:
Good my Lord,
You haue begot me, bred me, lou'd me.

ref: c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 284, column 1:

text: This day I have begot whom I declare / My onely Son, and on this holy Hill[…]

ref: 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

text: […]for the most part empires have begot hybrid civilisations that absorbed much from their subject peoples.

ref: 2014 September 4, Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Random House, →ISBN, page 166:

head

expansion: begot

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-begot.wav

rhymes: -ɒt


куда

text: ку́да рабо́тници

roman: kúda rabótnici

translation: working group, group of workers

english: working group, group of workers

links: group group

links: ensemble ensemble

links: fellowship fellowship

raw_glosses: (Eastern dialects) group, ensemble, fellowship

text: ку́да пти́ци

roman: kúda ptíci

translation: flock of birds

english: flock of birds

links: flock flock

links: swarm swarm

qualifier: Rhodopian dialects

links: carol carol

links: choir choir

qualifier: Upper Shop dialects

bg-noun

ку́да

f

dim: ку́дица

expansion: ку́да • (kúda) f (diminutive ку́дица)

tlb

bg

dialectal

expansion: (dialectal)

forms:
ку́да (canonical feminine)
kúda (romanization)
ку́дица (diminutive)
ку́да (indefinite singular)
ку́ди (indefinite plural)
ку́дата (definite singular)
ку́дите (definite plural)

bg-ndecl

ку́да<>

уку́двам се

roman: ukúdvam se

english: to associate with

translation: to associate with

ку́дя

roman: kúdja

english: to associate; to kiss

translation: to associate; to kiss

ку́даджия

roman: diaelctal

english: lead of caroling choir

translation: lead of caroling choir

etymology_text:
Related to dialectal ку́да се (kúda se, “to gratify”). Further origin disputed:
* Mladenov: Collective noun from Proto-Slavic *ku- (“pile, stack”) + *-da, akin to Bulgarian куп (kup, “pile, heap”), Russian ку́ча (kúča, “id.”).
* Georgiev (БЕР): Postverbal from ку́дя (kúdja, “to prosecute”) + -а (-a), originally meaning “mob, gang, crowd” with negative connotation.

cog

sla-pro

*ku-

t: pile, stack

expansion: Proto-Slavic *ku- (“pile, stack”)

affix

*-da

expansion: *-da

cog

куп

pile, heap

expansion: Bulgarian куп (kup, “pile, heap”)

ru

ку́ча

id.

expansion: Russian ку́ча (kúča, “id.”)

affix

ку́дя

t1: to prosecute

-а

expansion: ку́дя (kúdja, “to prosecute”) + -а (-a)

ipa: [ˈkudɐ]


куда

links: associate associate

links: relationship relationship

raw_glosses: (transitive, obsolete) to associate with, to form relationship

links: tend tend

links: protect protect

links: heed heed

raw_glosses: (transitive, in Strandzha, by extension) to tend, to protect, to heed

links: kiss kiss

links: osculate osculate

raw_glosses: (transitive, by extension) to kiss platonically, to osculate

links: се се#Bulgarian

links: express express

links: appreciation appreciation

links: с с#Bulgarian

raw_glosses: (reflexive with се) to express appreciation towards (usually + с (s, “with”))

bg-verb

impf

pf: ку́дна

expansion: ку́да • (kúda) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ку́дна)

forms:
kúda (romanization)
ку́дна (perfective)
ку́дещ (active indefinite masculine participle present)
кул (active aorist indefinite masculine participle past)
ку́дел (active imperfect indefinite masculine participle past)
ку́ден (indefinite masculine participle passive past)
ку́дейки (adverbial indefinite masculine participle)
ку́дещият (active definite masculine participle present subjective)
ку́лият (active aorist definite masculine participle past subjective)
ку́деният (definite masculine participle passive past subjective)
ку́дейки (adverbial definite masculine participle subjective)
ку́дещия (active definite masculine objective participle present)
ку́лия (active aorist definite masculine objective participle past)
ку́дения (definite masculine objective participle passive past)
ку́дейки (adverbial definite masculine objective participle)
ку́деща (active feminine indefinite participle present)
ку́ла (active aorist feminine indefinite participle past)
ку́дела (active feminine imperfect indefinite participle past)
ку́дена (feminine indefinite participle passive past)
ку́дейки (adverbial feminine indefinite participle)
ку́дещата (active definite feminine participle present)
ку́лата (active aorist definite feminine participle past)
ку́дената (definite feminine participle passive past)
ку́дейки (adverbial definite feminine participle)
ку́дещо (active indefinite neuter participle present)
ку́ло (active aorist indefinite neuter participle past)
ку́дело (active imperfect indefinite neuter participle past)
ку́дено (indefinite neuter participle passive past)
ку́дене (indefinite neuter noun-from-verb)
ку́дейки (adverbial indefinite neuter participle)
ку́дещото (active definite neuter participle present)
ку́лото (active aorist definite neuter participle past)
ку́деното (definite neuter participle passive past)
ку́денето (definite neuter noun-from-verb)
ку́дейки (adverbial definite neuter participle)
ку́дещи (active indefinite participle plural present)
ку́ли (active aorist indefinite participle past plural)
ку́дели (active imperfect indefinite participle past plural)
ку́дени (indefinite participle passive past plural)
ку́дения (indefinite noun-from-verb plural)
ку́денета (indefinite noun-from-verb plural)
ку́дейки (adverbial indefinite participle plural)
ку́дещите (active definite participle plural present)
ку́лите (active aorist definite participle past plural)
ку́дените (definite participle passive past plural)
ку́денията (definite noun-from-verb plural)
ку́денетата (definite noun-from-verb plural)
ку́дейки (adverbial definite participle plural)
ку́да (first-person indicative present singular)
ку́деш (indicative present second-person singular)
ку́де (indicative present singular third-person)
ку́дем (first-person indicative plural present)
ку́дете (indicative plural present second-person)
ку́дат (indicative plural present third-person)
ку́дех (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ку́деше (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ку́деше (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ку́дехме (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ку́дехте (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ку́деха (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ку́дох (aorist first-person indicative singular)
ку́де (aorist indicative second-person singular)
ку́де (aorist indicative singular third-person)
ку́дохме (aorist first-person indicative plural)
ку́дохте (aorist indicative plural second-person)
ку́доха (aorist indicative plural third-person)
куди́ (imperative second-person singular)
куде́те (imperative plural second-person)
ку́дем (alternative dialectal)
ку́дя (alternative)

ку́тя

roman: kútja

english: to tend, to look after a child

translation: to tend, to look after a child

целу́вам

roman: celúvam

english: to kiss romantically

translation: to kiss romantically

etymology_text: Likely related to the noun. According to Georgiev (БЕР), the secondary meaning “to tend, to protect” follows from an earlier “to befriend”.


куда

links: male male

links: matchmaker matchmaker

links: go-between go-between

head

myv

noun

expansion: куда • (kuda)

forms: kuda (romanization)

кудава

roman: kudava

etymology_text: Borrowed from Tatar кода (qoda).

bor

tt

кода

expansion: Tatar кода (qoda)


куда

text: Куда́ идёшь?

roman: Kudá idjóšʹ?

translation: Where are you going?

english: Where are you going?

links: where where

qualifier: to

text: Куда́ така́я спе́шка?

roman: Kudá takája spéška?

translation: Why the rush?

english: Why the rush?

links: why why

text: Настоя́щая причи́на звуча́ла куда́ прозаи́чнее.

roman: Nastojáščaja pričína zvučála kudá prozaíčneje.

translation: The real reason was far more prosaic.

english: The real reason was far more prosaic.

links: much much

links:
a lot
a lot

raw_glosses: (colloquial, in a comparison) much (more), a lot (more)

ru-adv

куда́

expansion: куда́ • (kudá)

forms:
куда́ (canonical)
kudá (romanization)
куды́ (alternative dialectal)

доку́да

roman: dokúda

куда́-либо

roman: kudá-libo

куда́-нибудь

roman: kudá-nibudʹ

куда́-то

roman: kudá-to

не́куда

roman: nékuda

никуды́шный

roman: nikudýšnyj

отку́да

roman: otkúda

туда́

roman: tudá

etymology_text: Inherited from Old East Slavic кѫда (kǫda), from Proto-Slavic *kǫda.

yesno

i

I

expansion: I

glossary

Inherited

expansion: Inherited

inh

orv

кѫда

expansion: Old East Slavic кѫда (kǫda)

inh

sla-pro

*kǫda

expansion: Proto-Slavic *kǫda

ipa: [kʊˈda]


куда

text: Куда си ишао?

translation: Which way did you go?

english: Which way did you go?

sh-adv

ку̀да

expansion: ку̀да (Latin spelling kùda)

forms:
ку̀да (canonical)
kùda (romanization)

etymology_text: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kǫda.

sh

inh+

expansion: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kǫda


куда

pos: conj

sh-con

expansion: куда (Latin spelling kuda)


get to grips with

links: deal deal

links: decisively decisively

links: confront confront

raw_glosses: (idiomatic, chiefly UK) To deal (with something) decisively, or to confront (it) head on.

text: Estonia were struggling to get to grips with the game while Ireland were showing a composure and guile that demonstrated their experience in play-off ties.

ref: 2011 November 11, Rory Houston, “Estonia 0-4 Republic of Ireland”, in RTE Sport:

links: battle battle

raw_glosses: (idiomatic, chiefly UK) To battle (with something).

text: […] autism is the integral explanation of the phenomenon Kafka in all its expressions, and autism can explain the mystery of Kafka like no other of the interpretations proposed by literary scholars and critics in the history of Kafka research. […] The search by Kafka in his writing was for the unknown perspective in his fellow human beings which could put him at ease but he never managed to find it. He intuited this other state of mind and his writing is a testament of his search for this alien state of mind or self-consciousness which he tried to describe via parables, animal stories, aphorisms and images. His problem was that he could not get to grips with reality, more specifically his own reality, because he could not live with it.

ref: 2017 May 16, Jerry Stuger, “Kafka and Autism. The Undisclosed Logic Behind Kafka’s Work”, in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, volume 47, →DOI, pages 2336–2347:

links: understanding understanding

raw_glosses: (idiomatic, chiefly UK) To gain an understanding (of something).

en-verb

expansion: get to grips with (third-person singular simple present gets to grips with, present participle getting to grips with, simple past got to grips with, past participle (UK) got to grips with or (US) gotten to grips with)

forms:
gets to grips with (present singular third-person)
getting to grips with (participle present)
got to grips with (past)
got to grips with (UK participle past)
gotten to grips with (US participle past)

atenerse

sense: to gain an understanding

audio: en-au-get to grips with.ogg


exceptio non numeratae pecuniae

text: In my opinion a defendant in an action for provisional sentence on a mortgage bond who has renounced the benefit of the exceptio non numeratae pecuniae is not debarred either in the provisional case or in the principal case from raising the defence that he did not receive the money in respect of which he had acknowledged his indebtedness. The benefit of the exception is to enable a defendant to place upon the plaintiff the onus of proving that the money was paid; by renouncing the benefit, the defendant takes the onus of proof upon himself.

ref: COHEN v LOUIS BLUMBERG (PTY), LTD AND ANOTHER 1949 (2) SA 849 (W)

links: law law#English

links: exception exception

links: defendant defendant

links: plaintiff plaintiff

raw_glosses: (law) An exception whereby a defendant can claim that the plaintiff has not paid the money to him and that therefore the obligation is not owing.

pos: phrase

en-head

phr

expansion: exceptio non numeratae pecuniae

etymology_text:
Latin phrase.
exceptio (“an exception”) + non (“not (having)”) + numero - atis ("to count") + pecunia (“money”).

uder

en

expansion: Latin


notched

links: notch notch#English

glosses: simple past and past participle of notch

head

expansion: notched

rhymes: -ɒtʃt

rhymes: -ɔːtʃt


notched

links: notch notch

en-adj

expansion: notched (comparative more notched, superlative most notched)

forms:
more notched (comparative)
most notched (superlative)


nonny

links: fool fool

en-noun

expansion: nonny (plural nonnies)

forms: nonnies (plural)

ipa: /ˈnɒni/

rhymes: -ɒni


nonny

text:
Then sigh not so,
But let them go,
And be you blithe and bonny,
Converting all your sounds of woe
Into Hey nonny, nonny.

ref: 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

links: glee glee#English

glosses: A meaningless word used in refrains, especially in old English ballads and glees.


nonny

links: anon anon

links: user user

links: post post

links: anonymous anonymous

links: Internet Internet

raw_glosses: (4chan slang) An anon; a user who posts anonymously on the Internet.

qualifier: 4chan slang

etymology_text: Diminutive of anonymous with -y.


exceptio

ref: 1659, “Vel denique introduceretur nova lege exceptio aut liberatio quaedam; E nam et tunc in praeteritis quoquo negotiis, quorum obligatio hactenus duravit, habere locum, aequum est; non ad id, ut in praeteritum, sed ut in futurum obligatio exceptione recenter inducta resolvatur”, in Novella decis. Ultrajectina 14 Aprilis 1659 art. 21, Paulus Voet de statutis sect. 8 cap. 1 numero 3 except. 6 pag. 292.:

links: objection objection

links: restriction restriction

links: limitation limitation

raw_glosses: (by extension) An exception, restriction, limitation.

la-noun

expansion: exceptiō f (genitive exceptiōnis); third declension

forms:
exceptiō (canonical feminine)
exceptiōnis (genitive)
exceptiō (nominative singular)
exceptiōnēs (nominative plural)
exceptiōnis (genitive singular)
exceptiōnum (genitive plural)
exceptiōnī (dative singular)
exceptiōnibus (dative plural)
exceptiōnem (accusative singular)
exceptiōnēs (accusative plural)
exceptiōne (ablative singular)
exceptiōnibus (ablative plural)
exceptiō (singular vocative)
exceptiōnēs (plural vocative)

etymon

title: exceptiō

:af

excipiō<t:take out, withdraw; make an exception, except>

-tiō

expansion:
[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*eks", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "ex", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "ex-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "take", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "take", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "take", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "be grasping", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "seize", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "lang_name" : "substrate", "status" : "ok", "children" : [ ], "lang" : "qfa-sub" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*kap-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*kapyéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*kapjō", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Latin", "term" : "kapiō", "lang" : "itc-ola" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "capiō", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "excipiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-tiHō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-Hō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "exceptiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }" data-lang="la" data-title="exceptiō">
From excipiō (“take out, withdraw; make an exception, except”) + -tiō.


sodico

links: sodium sodium

it-adj

expansion: sodico (feminine sodica, masculine plural sodici, feminine plural sodiche)

forms:
sodica (feminine)
sodici (masculine plural)
sodiche (feminine plural)

rhymes: -ɔdiko


benzoato di sodio

links:
sodium benzoate
sodium benzoate

it-noun

m

expansion: benzoato di sodio m (plural benzoati di sodio)

forms: benzoati di sodio (plural)


newsgroup

text: “Most of it’s garbage and we’re not even bothering to translate it. There’s also a substantial amount of material downloaded from the alt.anarchy and alt.chaos.communist Internet newsgroups. Interesting reading but not exactly pertinent,” Brognola said.

ref: 1998 November, Tim Somheil, chapter 6, in Hostile Proximity (The Executioner; 239), Toronto, Ont.: Worldwide Library, →ISBN, page 75:

text: Some of the users are 'old timers'; they have been around in the newsgroup for several years[…]

ref: 2003, Sven Junghagen, Henrik C. J. Linderoth, Intelligent Management in the Knowledge Economy:

links: repository repository

links: computer computer

links: network network

links: message message

links: subject subject

glosses: A repository on a computer network where people can post messages, usually about a single subject.

en-noun

expansion: newsgroup (plural newsgroups)

forms: newsgroups (plural)

新聞組 /新闻组

sense: repository for posting messages on a computer network

roman: xīnwénzǔ

nieuwsgroep

code: nl

uutisryhmä

code: fi

ニュースグループ

roman: nyūsugurūpu

뉴스그룹

roman: nyuseugeurup

гру́па за ве́сти

code: mk

roman: grúpa za vésti

гру́ппа новосте́й

roman: grúppa novostéj

ньюсгру́п

roman: nʹjusgrúp

ньюсгру́ппа

roman: nʹjusgrúppa

etymology_text: From news + group.

compound

news

group

expansion: news + group

ipa: /ˈnuzˌɡɹup/

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-newsgroup.wav


benzoato

links:
organic chemistry
organic chemistry

links: benzoate benzoate

it-noun

expansion: benzoato m (plural benzoati)

forms: benzoati (plural)


benzoato

es-noun

expansion: benzoato m (plural benzoatos)

forms: benzoatos (plural)

ipa: /benθoˈato/

ipa: /bensoˈato/

rhymes: -ato


bicarbonato di sodio

links:
inorganic chemistry
inorganic chemistry

links:
sodium bicarbonate
sodium bicarbonate

raw_glosses: (inorganic chemistry) sodium bicarbonate

it-noun

expansion: bicarbonato di sodio m (plural bicarbonati di sodio)

forms: bicarbonati di sodio (plural)


bicarbonato

links: bicarbonate bicarbonate

expansion: bicarbonato m (plural bicarbonati)

forms: bicarbonati (plural)

etymology_text: From bi- + carbonato.

ety

it

bi-

carbonato

af

bi-

carbonato

expansion: bi- + carbonato


bicarbonato

links: chemistry chemistry

raw_glosses: (chemistry) bicarbonate (the univalent anion HCO₃)

pt-noun

expansion: bicarbonato m (plural bicarbonatos)

forms: bicarbonatos (plural)

parts: bi car bo na to


bicarbonato

ipa: /bikaɾboˈnato/


bisolfito di sodio

links:
sodium bisulfite
sodium bisulfite

it-noun

expansion: bisolfito di sodio m (plural bisolfiti di sodio)

forms: bisolfiti di sodio (plural)


bisolfito

links: bisulfite bisulfite

expansion: bisolfito m (plural bisolfiti)

forms: bisolfiti (plural)

etymology_text: From bi- + solfito.

ety

solfito

prefix

bi

solfito

expansion: bi- + solfito

rhymes: -ito


cloruro di sodio

links:
sodium chloride
sodium chloride

it-noun

expansion: cloruro di sodio m (uncountable)

ipa: /kloˈru.ro di ˈsɔ.djo/


cloruro

links: chloride chloride

gl-noun

expansion: cloruro m (plural cloruros)

forms: cloruros (plural)


cloruro

it-noun

expansion: cloruro m (plural cloruri)

forms: cloruri (plural)

cloruro di alluminio

english: aluminium chloride

translation: aluminium chloride

cloruro di calcio

english: calcium chloride

translation: calcium chloride

cloruro di magnesio

english: magnesium chloride

translation: magnesium chloride

cloruro di sodio

english: sodium chloride

translation: sodium chloride

etymology_text: From cloro (“chlorine”) + -uro.

ety

-uro

suffix

cloro

gloss1: chlorine

uro

expansion: cloro (“chlorine”) + -uro

rhymes: -uro


cloruro

links: clorurare clorurare#Italian

glosses: first-person singular present indicative of clorurare

head

verb form

expansion: cloruro

etymology_text: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


cloruro

etymology_text: From cloro + -uro.

ety

cloro

expansion: From cloro + -uro.

ipa: /kloˈɾuɾo/

rhymes: -uɾo


širmas

links: grey grey

head

lt

adjective

head: ši̇̀rmas

g: m

feminine

širmà

neuter

šir̃ma

expansion: ši̇̀rmas m (feminine širmà, neuter šir̃ma)

lt-adj

širmà

šir̃ma

forms:
ši̇̀rmas (canonical masculine)
širmà (feminine)
šir̃ma (neuter)
šir̃ma (neuter positive)
šir̃mas (masculine nominative singular)
širmi̇̀ (masculine nominative plural positive)
širmà (feminine nominative positive singular)
šir̃mos (feminine nominative plural positive)
šir̃mo (genitive masculine singular)
širmų̃ (genitive masculine plural positive)
širmõs (feminine genitive positive singular)
širmų̃ (feminine genitive plural positive)
širmám (dative masculine singular)
širmi̇́ems (dative masculine plural positive)
šir̃mai (dative feminine positive singular)
širmóms (dative feminine plural positive)
šir̃mą (accusative masculine singular)
šir̃mus (accusative masculine plural positive)
šir̃mą (accusative feminine positive singular)
šir̃mas (accusative feminine plural positive)
šir̃mu (instrumental masculine singular)
širmai̇̃s (instrumental masculine plural positive)
šir̃ma (feminine instrumental positive singular)
širmomi̇̀s (feminine instrumental plural positive)
širmamè (locative masculine singular)
širmuosè (locative masculine plural positive)
širmojè (feminine locative positive singular)
širmosè (feminine locative plural positive)
šir̃mas (masculine singular vocative)
širmi̇̀ (masculine plural positive vocative)
širmà (feminine positive singular vocative)
šir̃mos (feminine plural positive vocative)
širmiaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
širmèsnis (masculine nominative singular)
širmesni̇̀ (comparative masculine nominative plural)
širmèsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
širmèsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
širmèsnio (genitive masculine singular)
širmesnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
širmesnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
širmesnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
širmesniám (dative masculine singular)
širmesni̇́ems (comparative dative masculine plural)
širmèsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
širmesnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
širmèsnį (accusative masculine singular)
širmesniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
širmèsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
širmesnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
širmesniù (instrumental masculine singular)
širmesniai̇̃s (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
širmesnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
širmesnėmi̇̀s (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
širmesniamè (locative masculine singular)
širmesniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
širmèsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
širmesnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
širmiáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
širmiáusias (masculine nominative singular)
širmiáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
širmiáusia (nominative singular superlative)
širmiáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
širmiáusio (genitive masculine singular)
širmiáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusios (genitive singular superlative)
širmiáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
širmiáusiam (dative masculine singular)
širmiáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusiai (dative singular superlative)
širmiáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
širmiáusią (accusative masculine singular)
širmiáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusią (accusative singular superlative)
širmiáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
širmiáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
širmiáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
širmiáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
širmiáusiame (locative masculine singular)
širmiáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusioje (locative singular superlative)
širmiáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
širmàsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
širmi̇́eji (masculine nominative plural positive)
širmóji (feminine nominative positive singular)
šir̃mosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
šir̃mojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
širmų̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
širmõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
širmų̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
širmájam (dative masculine positive singular)
širmi̇́esiems (dative masculine plural positive)
šir̃majai (dative feminine positive singular)
širmósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
šir̃mąjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
širmúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
šir̃mąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
širmą́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
širmúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
širmai̇̃siais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
širmą́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
širmõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
širmãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
širmuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
širmõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
širmõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
širmàsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
širmi̇́eji (masculine plural positive vocative)
širmóji (feminine positive singular vocative)
šir̃mosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
širmesnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
širmesni̇́eji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
širmesnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
širmèsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
širmèsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
širmesnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
širmesniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
širmesnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
širmesniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
širmesni̇́esiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
širmèsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
širmesniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
širmèsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
širmesniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
širmèsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
širmesnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
širmesniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
širmesniai̇̃siais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
širmesnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
širmesniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
širmesniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
širmesniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
širmesniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
širmesniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
širmiáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
širmiáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
širmiáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
širmiáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
širmiáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
širmiáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
širmiáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
širmiáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
širmiáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
širmiáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
širmiáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
širmiáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
širmiáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
širmiáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
širmiáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
širmiáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
širmiáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
širmiáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
širmiáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
širmiáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

lt-decl-adj

šir̃mas

širmi̇̀

širmà

šir̃mos

šir̃mo

širmų̃

širmõs

širmų̃

širmám

širmi̇́ems

šir̃mai

širmóms

šir̃mą

šir̃mus

šir̃mą

šir̃mas

šir̃mu

širmai̇̃s

šir̃ma

širmomi̇̀s

širmamè

širmuosè

širmojè

širmosè

šir̃mas

širmi̇̀

širmà

šir̃mos

širmèsnis

širmesni̇̀

širmèsnė

širmèsnės

širmèsnio

širmesnių̃

širmesnė̃s

širmesnių̃

širmesniám

širmesni̇́ems

širmèsnei

širmesnė̃ms

širmèsnį

širmesniùs

širmèsnę

širmesnès

širmesniù

širmesniai̇̃s

širmesnè

širmesnėmi̇̀s

širmesniamè

širmesniuosè

širmèsnėje

širmesnėsè

širmiáusias

širmiáusi

širmiáusia

širmiáusios

širmiáusio

širmiáusių

širmiáusios

širmiáusių

širmiáusiam

širmiáusiems

širmiáusiai

širmiáusioms

širmiáusią

širmiáusius

širmiáusią

širmiáusias

širmiáusiu

širmiáusiais

širmiáusia

širmiáusiomis

širmiáusiame

širmiáusiuose

širmiáusioje

širmiáusiose

širmàsis

širmi̇́eji

širmóji

šir̃mosios

šir̃mojo

širmų̃jų

širmõsios

širmų̃jų

širmájam

širmi̇́esiems

šir̃majai

etymology_text:
From a Proto-Indo-European root *ḱēy(w)-, *ḱyē(w)- (“grey, dark”), with a Baltic extension *-m-. Compare Latvian sirms (“gray”).
The closest cognate is Proto-Slavic *śěrъ, further cognates are Old Irish cīar (“dark”), Proto-Germanic *hairaz (“grey”), and Albanian surmë.

ipa: [²ˈʃʲɪrˑmɐs]


nitrato di sodio

links:
sodium nitrate
sodium nitrate

it-noun

expansion: nitrato di sodio m (plural nitrati di sodio)

forms: nitrati di sodio (plural)


puna

text: The overwhelming majority of maca roots are dried after harvest. In the cold, dry atmosphere of the puna the dried roots remain edible for several years. A minor proportion of the freshly harvested roots are roasted in huatias, earthen ovens […]

ref: 2009, M. Hermann, T. Bernet, The transition of maca from neglect to market prominence, page 18:

links: alpine alpine

links: biological biological

links: community community

links: Andes Andes

links: grass grass

links:
Native American
Native American

glosses: An alpine biological community in the central portion of the Andes in which short, coarse grass supports a Native American population.

en-noun

expansion: puna (plural punas)

forms:
punas (plural)
Puna (alternative)

puna canastero

taxonomic: Asthenes wyatti

puna ground tyrant

taxonomic: Muscisaxicola juninensis

puna ibis

taxonomic: Plegadis ridgwayi

puna miner

taxonomic: Geositta punensis

puna plover

taxonomic: Anarhynchus alticola

puna snipe

taxonomic: Gallinago andina

puna tapaculo

taxonomic: Scytalopus simonsi

puna teal

taxonomic: Spatula puna

puna thistletail

taxonomic: Asthenes helleri

puna tinamou

taxonomic: Tinamotis pentlandii

puna yellow finch

taxonomic: Sicalis lutea

etymology_text: From Spanish puna, from Quechua puna.

bor

es

puna

expansion: Spanish puna

der

qu

expansion: Quechua puna

audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-puna.wav

rhymes: -uːnə


puna

links: punë punë#Albanian

head

sq

noun form

expansion: puna

ipa: /ˈpuna/


puna

text: punaj metodoj; puna ekspedicio

translation: punitive methods, expedition

english: punitive methods, expedition

links: punitive punitive#English

eo-head

expansion: puna (accusative singular punan, plural punaj, accusative plural punajn)

forms:
punan (accusative singular)
punaj (plural)
punajn (accusative plural)

etymology_text:
Etymology tree
Esperanto puni
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
Proto-Italic *-ā
Latin -ader.
▲
Latin -a
Italian -ader.
▲
Latin -a
Old Spanish -a
Spanish -ader.
Esperanto -a
Esperanto puna
From puni + -a.

ety

eo

puni

-a

expansion:
Etymology tree
Esperanto puni
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
Proto-Italic *-ā
Latin -ader.
▲
Latin -a
Italian -ader.
▲
Latin -a
Old Spanish -a
Spanish -ader.
Esperanto -a
Esperanto puna
[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ā", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-a", "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "feminine", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>", "id" : "nominal" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-a", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Italian", "term" : "-a", "lang" : "it" }, { "id" : "feminine", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "nominal", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ā<id:nominal>", "id" : "nominal" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-a", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Spanish", "term" : "-a", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "osp" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Spanish", "term" : "-a", "lang" : "es" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "-a", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Esperanto", "term" : "puna", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "eo" }" data-lang="eo" data-title="puna">
From puni + -a.

rhymes: -una


puna

links: red red

head

et

nouns

genitive

puna

f1accel-form: gen|s

f2accel-form: gen|s

partitive

puna

f3accel-form: par|s

f4accel-form: par|s

expansion: puna (genitive puna, partitive puna)

et-noun

puna

puna

forms:
puna (genitive)
puna (partitive)
puna (nominative singular)
punad (nominative plural)
puna (accusative nominative singular)
punad (accusative nominative plural)
puna (accusative genitive singular)
punad (accusative genitive plural)
puna (genitive singular)
punade (genitive plural)
puna (partitive singular)
punasid (partitive plural)
punna (illative singular)
punasse (illative singular)
punadesse (illative plural)
punas (inessive singular)
punades (inessive plural)
punast (elative singular)
punadest (elative plural)
punale (allative singular)
punadele (allative plural)
punal (adessive singular)
punadel (adessive plural)
punalt (ablative singular)
punadelt (ablative plural)
punaks (singular translative)
punadeks (plural translative)
punani (singular terminative)
punadeni (plural terminative)
punana (essive singular)
punadena (essive plural)
punata (abessive singular)
punadeta (abessive plural)
punaga (comitative singular)
punadega (comitative plural)

etymology_text: From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognate to Finnish puna.

inh

urj-fin-pro

expansion: Proto-Finnic *puna

cog

fi

expansion: Finnish puna

ipa: /ˈpunɑ/

ipa: [ˈpunɑ]


puna

fi-decl-koira

pun

a

forms:
puna (nominative singular)
punat (nominative plural)
puna (accusative nominative singular)
punat (accusative nominative plural)
punan (accusative genitive singular)
punat (accusative genitive plural)
punan (genitive singular)
punien (genitive plural)
punain (genitive plural rare)
punaa (partitive singular)
punia (partitive plural)
punassa (inessive singular)
punissa (inessive plural)
punasta (elative singular)
punista (elative plural)
punaan (illative singular)
puniin (illative plural)
punalla (adessive singular)
punilla (adessive plural)
punalta (ablative singular)
punilta (ablative plural)
punalle (allative singular)
punille (allative plural)
punana (essive singular)
punina (essive plural)
punaksi (singular translative)
puniksi (plural translative)
punatta (abessive singular)
punitta (abessive plural)
punin (instructive plural)
punani (first-person nominative singular singular-possessive)
punani (accusative first-person nominative singular singular-possessive)
punani (accusative first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
punani (first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
punieni (first-person genitive singular singular-possessive)
punaini (first-person genitive rare singular singular-possessive)
punaani (first-person partitive singular singular-possessive)
puniani (first-person partitive singular singular-possessive)
punassani (first-person inessive singular singular-possessive)
punissani (first-person inessive singular singular-possessive)
punastani (elative first-person singular singular-possessive)
punistani (elative first-person singular singular-possessive)
punaani (first-person illative singular singular-possessive)
puniini (first-person illative singular singular-possessive)
punallani (adessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
punillani (adessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
punaltani (ablative first-person singular singular-possessive)
puniltani (ablative first-person singular singular-possessive)
punalleni (allative first-person singular singular-possessive)
punilleni (allative first-person singular singular-possessive)
punanani (essive first-person singular singular-possessive)
puninani (essive first-person singular singular-possessive)
punakseni (first-person singular singular-possessive translative)
punikseni (first-person singular singular-possessive translative)
punattani (abessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
punittani (abessive first-person singular singular-possessive)
punineni (comitative first-person singular singular-possessive)
punasi (nominative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punasi (accusative nominative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punasi (accusative genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punasi (genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
puniesi (genitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punaisi (genitive rare second-person singular singular-possessive)
punaasi (partitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
puniasi (partitive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punassasi (inessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punissasi (inessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punastasi (elative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punistasi (elative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punaasi (illative second-person singular singular-possessive)
puniisi (illative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punallasi (adessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punillasi (adessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punaltasi (ablative second-person singular singular-possessive)
puniltasi (ablative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punallesi (allative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punillesi (allative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punanasi (essive second-person singular singular-possessive)
puninasi (essive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punaksesi (second-person singular singular-possessive translative)
puniksesi (second-person singular singular-possessive translative)
punattasi (abessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
punittasi (abessive second-person singular singular-possessive)
puninesi (comitative second-person singular singular-possessive)
punamme (first-person nominative plural plural-possessive)
punamme (accusative first-person nominative plural plural-possessive)
punamme (accusative first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
punamme (first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
puniemme (first-person genitive plural plural-possessive)
punaimme (first-person genitive plural plural-possessive rare)
punaamme (first-person partitive plural plural-possessive)
puniamme (first-person partitive plural plural-possessive)
punassamme (first-person inessive plural plural-possessive)
punissamme (first-person inessive plural plural-possessive)
punastamme (elative first-person plural plural-possessive)
punistamme (elative first-person plural plural-possessive)
punaamme (first-person illative plural plural-possessive)
puniimme (first-person illative plural plural-possessive)
punallamme (adessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
punillamme (adessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
punaltamme (ablative first-person plural plural-possessive)
puniltamme (ablative first-person plural plural-possessive)
punallemme (allative first-person plural plural-possessive)
punillemme (allative first-person plural plural-possessive)
punanamme (essive first-person plural plural-possessive)
puninamme (essive first-person plural plural-possessive)
punaksemme (first-person plural plural-possessive translative)
puniksemme (first-person plural plural-possessive translative)
punattamme (abessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
punittamme (abessive first-person plural plural-possessive)
puninemme (comitative first-person plural plural-possessive)
punanne (nominative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punanne (accusative nominative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punanne (accusative genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punanne (genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punienne (genitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punainne (genitive plural plural-possessive rare second-person)
punaanne (partitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punianne (partitive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punassanne (inessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punissanne (inessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punastanne (elative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punistanne (elative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punaanne (illative plural plural-possessive second-person)
puniinne (illative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punallanne (adessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punillanne (adessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punaltanne (ablative plural plural-possessive second-person)
puniltanne (ablative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punallenne (allative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punillenne (allative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punananne (essive plural plural-possessive second-person)
puninanne (essive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punaksenne (plural plural-possessive second-person translative)
puniksenne (plural plural-possessive second-person translative)
punattanne (abessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
punittanne (abessive plural plural-possessive second-person)
puninenne (comitative plural plural-possessive second-person)
punansa (nominative possessive singular third-person)
punansa (nominative plural possessive third-person)
punansa (accusative nominative possessive singular third-person)
punansa (accusative nominative plural possessive third-person)
punansa (accusative genitive possessive singular third-person)
punansa (accusative genitive plural possessive third-person)
punansa (genitive possessive singular third-person)
puniensa (genitive plural possessive third-person)
punainsa (genitive plural possessive rare third-person)
punaansa (partitive possessive singular third-person)
puniaan (partitive plural possessive third-person)
puniansa (partitive plural possessive third-person)
punassaan (inessive possessive singular third-person)
punassansa (inessive possessive singular third-person)
punissaan (inessive plural possessive third-person)
punissansa (inessive plural possessive third-person)
punastaan (elative possessive singular third-person)
punastansa (elative possessive singular third-person)
punistaan (elative plural possessive third-person)
punistansa (elative plural possessive third-person)
punaansa (illative possessive singular third-person)
puniinsa (illative plural possessive third-person)
punallaan (adessive possessive singular third-person)
punallansa (adessive possessive singular third-person)
punillaan (adessive plural possessive third-person)
punillansa (adessive plural possessive third-person)
punaltaan (ablative possessive singular third-person)
punaltansa (ablative possessive singular third-person)
puniltaan (ablative plural possessive third-person)
puniltansa (ablative plural possessive third-person)
punalleen (allative possessive singular third-person)
punallensa (allative possessive singular third-person)
punilleen (allative plural possessive third-person)
punillensa (allative plural possessive third-person)
punanaan (essive possessive singular third-person)
punanansa (essive possessive singular third-person)
puninaan (essive plural possessive third-person)
puninansa (essive plural possessive third-person)
punakseen (possessive singular third-person translative)
punaksensa (possessive singular third-person translative)
punikseen (plural possessive third-person translative)
puniksensa (plural possessive third-person translative)
punattaan (abessive possessive singular third-person)
punattansa (abessive possessive singular third-person)
punittaan (abessive plural possessive third-person)
punittansa (abessive plural possessive third-person)
punineen (comitative plural possessive third-person)
puninensa (comitative plural possessive third-person)

amerikanpunamänty

sense: compounds

etymology_text: From Proto-Finnic *puna, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *puna (“color, hair”). Cognate with Erzya пона (pona, “hair”).


puna

links: puna puna#English

fr-noun

f

expansion: puna f (plural punas)

forms: punas (plural)


puna

links: punar punar#Galician

glosses: third-person singular present indicative

glosses:
inflection of punar:
second-person singular imperative

links: punir punir#Galician

glosses: first/third-person singular present subjunctive

glosses:
inflection of punir:
third-person singular imperative

head

gl


puna

links: spring spring

links: coral coral

links: lime lime

links: plaster plaster

haw

noun

etymology_text: From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Central Pacific *puna, from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source, origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source, origin”). Cognates include Māori puna and Samoan puna.

inh

poz-pol-pro

*puna

spring of water

poz-oce-pro

expansion: Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”)

pqe-pro

expansion: Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *puna

poz-cet-pro

poz-pro

source, origin

map-pro

cog

mi

expansion: Māori puna

sm

expansion: Samoan puna